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VOL. LVI, No. 26S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, AUGUST 8, 1946
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Axis States Invited
To Peace Parley
Italy, Finland, and Balkan States
To Join Paris Conference Saturday
v
By The Associated Press
PARIS, Aug. 7- The 21-nation
European Peace Conference today in-
vited the five former enemy nations
to participate in their deliberations
beginning Saturday as the rules
committee, putting aside acrimony,
moved, with high speed and a show of
harmony toward completion of its
tasks.
Under an amendment offered by
U.S. Secretary of State Byrnes and
adopted unanimously by the commit-
tee, representatives of Italy, Ro-
mania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Fin-
land will be heard in the plenary
sessions of the conference, as well as
appear before cor mittees.
Western Powers Vicorious
Rules Committee members plainly
showed the strain of yesterday's long
and tempestuous session, which broke
up at 2:30 a.m. in a victory of the
western powers over the Soviet Un-
ion on a procedural matter.
However, neither Byrnes nor For-
eign Minister Molotov~made any ref-
Preuss Says
MorseBli'T o
Indicate Apathiy
Expresses 'Lack of
Confidence' in Court
The United States Senate has
passed the Morse Resolution, provid-
ing for adherence to the coipulsory
jurisdiction of the International
Court of Justice, but instead of this
step expressing the confidence of the
United States in..the rule of law ver-
sus the arbitrariness of the Security
Council, it expresses a "lack of conli-
dence" in this principle.
Prof. Lewrence Preuss, of the polit-
ical science department, who was in-
strumental in drawing up both the
charter of the International Court
and the Morse resolution, expressed
this opinion yesterday in reference to
the Connally amendment to the reso-
lution.
Witnesses Approved Resolution
Adoption of the original resolution
was urged and approved by numer-
ous witnesses before the Senate For-
eign Relations sub-committee. Prof.
Preuss was among this group, which
included representatives of the
American and Federal Bar Associ-
ations and the American Society of
International Law. In addition, he
pointed out, both the President and
the Secretary of State publicly en-
dorsed the resolution. It was report-
ed unanimously out of committee.
Acceptance of the measure was to
mark a great step in the advance of
international cooperation on the part
of the United States, Prof. Preuss de-
clared. Therefore, it was "discour-
aging" when a veto measure was "un-
expectedly" brought up by Sen. Con-
nally at the last session.
Only International Jurisdiction
The resolution provided that the
court shall not take jurisdiction in
matters which are essentially domes-
tic in nature, he explained. This res-
ervation is proper, but not necessary
since the Court, when applying inter-
national law, would in no case take
jurisdiction in a domestic case, such
as immigration or tariff.
Under the terms by which other
nations adhere to the court, disputes
over the nature of jurisdiction are
decided ,by the court itself, Prof.
Preuss said. These were the terms
embodied in the Morse resolution be-
See PREUSS, Page 3
AVC Will Ask
T' Recognit ion
Members Vote To Aid
Fight Against Apathy
The campus chapter of the Amer-
ican Veterans Committee voted last
night to petition the University to
become a recognized organization, af-
filiated with the school, president
Jack Weiss announced.
"This will mean," declared Weiss,
"that AVC can proceed with the Uni-
versity's sanction and support in its
fight against apathy on the campus
as well as on the national level."
The local chapter, in conjunction
ith the Willow Villiae croup is
erence to the unprecedented diplo-
matic battle of words which had pre-
ceded final adoption of a British
amendment providing that recom-
mendations both of a two-thirds vote
and a simple majority would be sub-
mitted by the conference to the Big
Four Council of Foreign Ministers.
The committee cleared its decks by
7:30 p.m., and was ready to report to
a plenary session tomorrow after-
noon.
Adopt Procedure Principles
One flurry of argument came in a
final move before the committee
adopted principles of United Nations
procedure in the conference and con-
ference committees for questions not,
covered by the conference's own
rules.
Chairman Paul Henri Spaak of
Belgium had proposed, with the sup-
'port of Britain and the United States,
that rules of the general assembly of
the U.N. be applied to any questions
not covered by the rules of this con-
ference. Russia and Norway said the
proposal was unnecessary, but it was
adopted with a Russian- amendment
which said the U.N. rules would be
the guide "on all questions of pro-
cedure" not covered in conference
rules.
Approve Yugoslav Proposal
Rules on committee procedure
were adopted in quick succession and
unanimously after the committee,
without dissent, approved a Yugoslav
proposal permitting states heighbor-
ing Germany and Italy to present
proposals directly to the Big Four
without previous reference to the
council.
Yugoslavia withdrew a proposal to
invite Albania to attend the plenary
session at which Italy is to state her
case, after British delegate Hector
McNeil said it was a question for the
conference itself to decide.
Byrnes and Molotov joined in ask-
ing unanimous action in the adoption
of the section on .committee pro-
cedure rules outlined in advance by
the Foreign Ministers' Council, and
it was adopted with two amend-
ments offered by the American dele-
gate.
Student Special
Train To Rdun
India Relief
Tag Day Is
Tomorrow
Drive Sponsored By
Hindustan Group
A campus-wide tag day will be held
tomorow to aid India's starving mil-
lions, sponsored by the Hindustan
Association.
Four posts will be set up, opposite
the library, under the Engine Arch,
near the League, and near the Union,
where Association members will sell
tags, according to Vasant 'Rajad-
hyaksha, chairman of the tag day
and president of the Association.
Money from the drive will be sent
to relief organizations to be spent on
food for India. No tags will be sold
in downtown Ann Arbor.
Rajadhyaksha, in a statement yes-
terday, urged every student to buy
a tag to aid millions of Indians who
are desparately in need of food. He
cited a report of the American Fam-
ine Mission, made July 25, to Sec-
retary of Agriculture Clinton P. An-
derson.
According to the report, India's ra-
tion system affecting 160 million
people will collapse if two million tons
of food are not sent. Of this 750,-
000 tons of wheat would have to be
sent from the United States.
Student Affairs Committee permis-
sion for the tag day was granted last
week, Rajadhyaksha said. In April
the Hindustan Association made a
private relief collection from its
members; these funds were given to
the American Friends Relief Society,
he said.
Theros To Be
First Witness
In Probe Today
Nick Theros, local numbers racke-
teer, is scheduled to be the first wit-
ness today when police commission
hearings on charges of bribery against
Sherman Mortenson and Eugene
Gehringer, suspended officers, moves
into its third day.
Theros appeared on the stand late
yesterday afternoon and was about
to relate the details of an alleged
"pay-off" to Mortenson, suspended
chief of the department, when Ralph
Keyes, Gehringer's attorney, warned
that Theros' statements might result
in charges against him.
Refuses To Testify
Theros then refused to testify and
Prof. Orlando Stephenson, commis-
sion chairman, adjourned the session
until today. Special Prosecutor Wil-
liam D. Brusstar insisted that Theros'
grant of immunity given by Circuit
Court Judge James R. Breakey, jr.,
would cover his testimony before the
commission. However, the numbers
operator refused to talk until the
matter was cleared up.
See MORTENSON, Page 4
Vandenberg To
Speak in City
Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg will
be the principal speaker at the city's
first post-war Victory Day celebra-
tion on Friday, August 14.
Michigan's senior Senator, who was
a delegate to the foreign ministers
meeting in Paris, will speak at the
ceremony held at 4:00 p.m. at Ferry
Field by the Association of Ann Arbor
Veterans Organizations.
Preceding this program, more than
1,000 marchers, twelve floats, and
several bands will participate in a
city-wide parade which will start
from downtown at 3:00 p.m., march
up Liberty to S. State and thence to
Ferry 'Field.
To complete the holiday celebra-
tion the American Legion has sched-
uled a "welcome home" dance in the
Armory from 9:30 to 2:00 and the
combined veterans groups are work-
ing out plans for a street dance to be
held from 7:00 to 9:00.
To Stop
Illegal
CabinetConfers With Army, Navy
; 7I....... aI44.fi. Refugee Ships Reported
..."{:..... i.L... . ........ Curfew Im posed
.'.' ., x L4.. .....}S
Britain Plans Palestine Blockade
Jewish Entry
As
Troops At Haifa; Bevin Declines Comment
Haganah Asserts Britain Has Concentrated
By The Associated Press
LONDON, Aug. 7-A British official source said today Britain has pre-
pared to blockade Palestine and launch naval and army operations - per-
haps by the end of this week - to choke the flow of thousands of illegal
Jewish immigrants into the Holy Land.
In Paris, a spokesman for the Jewish Agency executive declared that
if Britain turned back illegal Jewish immigrants at the shores of Palestine,
"the result may be statstrophic."
The British Colonial Office said it ;>
SLAUGHTER CHECKS ELECTION RESULTS --Rep. Roger C.
Slaughter (left), whose defeat for Democratic renomination in the
primary election was hailed yesterday by administration supporters,
checks Kansas City election wards against vote tabulations with Stephen
C. Higginbotham, a campaign worker. President Truman earlier had
registered his opposition to Slaughter's renomination.
* * ** * *
Slaughter Loss Hailed as Sign
Of Administration Sanetion
To OSUT Game
r
For the first time in five years, a
special student train will be run to
the Ohio State-Michigan game, Nov..
23, in Columbus, Ohio, Lynne Ford,
chairman of the Varsity Committee
of Student Legislature announced
last night.
Special student rates will be set
for both train fare and admission.
One thousand tickets for the game
have been reserved by the committee
and will be placed on sale during the
first three days of the fall semester.
The usual Ohio State ticket price of
$3.50 has been reduced to $2.50 for
the special game.
The special train will leave Ann
Arbor the morning of Nov. 23 and
will return after the game. The exact
price for the round trip will be an-
nounced in The Daily later.
Robert Taylor was named to head
the Legislature's Complaints Com-
mittee which will function as a stu-
dent voice in investigating complaints
of groups or individuals and in con-
tacting the appropriate University
officials when action is necessary.
Students wishing to contact his
committee can do so by writing to the
Legislature in care of the Michigan
Union or by calling Taylor at 2-3089.
Under a recent ruling of the Stu-
dent Affairs Committee, approval for
all social functions to be held on
campus is now being cleared through
the Legislature.
The end of the third week of the
fall semester was voted by the Legis-
lature last night as the deadline for
all campus groups to petition for so-
cial functions to be held during the
first term.
According to President Ray Davis,
any requests submitted after that
date will be given consideration only
if they do not conflict with events al-
ready approved in accordance with
this ruling.
Stason, Shuster To
Give Talks Today
By The Associated Press
President Truman's supporters
yesterday hailed the defeat of Rep.
Slaughter (D-Mo) for renomination
in Tuesday's promary as a sign of en-
dorsement of administration policies.
Slaughter himself said if the
Democratic party is to succeed this
fall and in 1948 "the alliance exist-
ing between the CIO-Political Action
Committee and the Democratic Nat-
ional Committee must be speedily
dissolved."
Polio Epidemic
Hits Midwest,
South and West
By The Associated Press
The worst wave of infantile para-
lysis since 1916, reaching epidemic
proportions in some localities, has
struck scattered sections of the
South, West and Middlewest.
Health authorities took steps to
check the spread of the disease as
the U.S. Public Health Service re-
ported a cumulative total of 5,454
cases throughout the nation, includ-
ing all st'ates but West Virginia.
This total compared with 29,000
cases in 1916, 2,913 for the same per-
iod in 1945 and 3,992 in 1944, the
next worst year since 1916.
In some of the worst areas, the
number of cases rose to 10 times as
heavy as a year ago.
In New England, some other Eas-
tern states and at least two western
states reported the incidence of the
disease was below last year. Some
other areas reported the number of
cases at "about normal."
Epidemics were reported in Minn-
eapolis, an Arknasas county and
three Mississippi counties and the
Ohio state health director predicted
an epidemic year unles as "sharp
drop" was noted within 10 days.
The President, the CIO-PAC, and
the Pendergast political organization
of Kansas City backed Enos A. Ax-
tell, 37-year-old attorney and navy
veteran, who defeated Slaughter by
an unofficial 2,301 votes in a total of
42,880.
The vote was Axtell 19,878;
Slaughter 17,577, and Jerome Walsh
5,425.
Axtell's Republican opponent will
be Albert L. Reeves Jr., nominated
without opposition. Reeves, also a
veteran, is the son of a long-time
federal district judge in Missouri.
A second congressman-Ralph H.
Daughton (D-Va)-was defeated in
the Tuesday balloting in six states,
bringing to 14 the total house mem-
bers thus far failing of renomination.
Thirteen of them are Democrats. Five
senators have lost out.
While the CIO-PAC backed a win-
ner in the nationally-watched Mis-
souri fifth district, it lost in its ef-
fort to eliminate Senator Harry F.
Byrd (D-Va) who won easily over
Martin A. Hutchinson, Richmond at-
torney. Byrd said he had been No. 1
on the labor organization's "purge
list."
Robert E. Hannegan, Democratic,
national chairman, issued a state-
ment on his home state primary say-
ing that by the defeat of Slaughter
"the people of the fifth district of
Missouri have registered a strong
vote of confidence in President Harry
S. Truman - confidence which is
shared by the people of the nation."
Rep. Sabath (D-Ill), chairman of
the rules committee of which Slaugh-
ter is a member, commented that the
Slaughter defeat "shows that not-
withstanding the Republican effort
to nominate Slaughter the people are
following the Roosevelt-Truman pol-
icy. Axtell was nominated because
he is following those policies.
Slaughter was not in accord with the
policy and principles of the President
and the party, and was in fact op-
posed to everything the Democratic
party stood for."
could not comment on unconfirmed
reports that two Jewish refugee ships,
verdue at Haifa, had been inter-
cepted by British Navy shipt and tak-
en to Cyprus.
Meanwhile, press dispatches from
Nicosia, capital of the British eastern
Mediterranean island, said a "strong-
ly wired" camp was being prepared
there for "a few hundred sentenced
terrorists whose dispersal would be
helpful to Palestine." The dispatches
said reports that thousands of Jews
would be taken to Cyprus were un-
founded.
In Palestine, the secret radio of
Haganah, Jewish underground, said
Britain has concentrated troops
around Haifa, the main port for the
inflow of Jewish immigrants, and de-
clared this "foreshadows complete
stoppage of immigration" followed
"by renewed police and military op-
erations."
The radio did not say what course
might be followed by Palmach, Hag-
anah's well-disciplined army.
The British Army, meanwhile, im-
posed a 5 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew on
shops in the border area of Tel Aviv
and Jaffa. The British cruiser Ajax
has been dispatched from Malta to
Haifa, where two ships carrying ref-
ugees from Europe still lie in the har-
bor.
The British cabinet met in special
session for two hours today and
called in Field Marshal Lord Mont-
gomery and top ranking officers of
the three fighting services, including
the First Sea Lord, Adm., Sir John
Cunningham.
Not a word leaked from the cabinet
session, and Foreign Secretary Ernest
Bevin-back at his desk today after
a 10 days' rest-declined to discuss
the natter.
Advisers Differ on
Holy Land Policy
Evidence of sharp differences
among government's advisers on
Palestine appeared tonight as two
groups ended a day's round of ses-
sions at the State Department under
tight secrecy restrictions.
At the same time there was some
talk among diplomats that the United
States might urge upon the British
Government a "policy of generos-
ity" in dealing with illegal immigra-
tion of Jews into Palestine. London
dispatches foretold a British crack-
down on illegal entries.
Pepe Le Moko.' To
Be Shown Tonight
"Pepe Le Moko" starring Jean Ga-
bin and Julian Duvivier will b'e
shown at 8:30 tonight under the aus-
pices of the Art Cinema League and
tomorow in the Rackham Auditor-
ium.
The film, presented by the Art Ci-
nema League, is a tale of intrigue in
the Casbah, the native quarter of Al-
giers, with Gabin playing the crim-
inal "Pepe" later portrayed by
Charles Boyer in the American ver-
sion of the story.
Jap Officers
Claim Worked
For Surrender
Two Peace-Makers
Are Criminal 'Suspects
TOKYO, Aug. 7-(P)-A strangely
assorted group of a half dozen top
ranking Japanese-including three
who have been named as war crimin-
al suspects-worked for two years
behind the scenes to maneuver Ja-
pan into a position to surrender, for-
mer Premier Adm. Keisuke Okada
said today.
The group had the ear of Emperor
Hirohito, and on at least one occa-
sion his active intervention. But it
was not until the night of Aug. 13,
1945, Okada said in an interview,
that the ruler broke up a stormy ses-
sion of the cabinet and made the
fateful decision by which Japan ac-
cepted the terms of Potsdam.
Peace overtures were started
through Soviet officials in February
1945, Okada disclosed. The basic
point of these peace feelers was the
retention of 'the emperor, although
the army also insisted that Japan
not be occupied.
The admiral said Japan would have
been torn by an "internal upheaval"
if the Allies had insisted on remov-
al of the emperor.
Okada, who is highly regarded in
Japan today, escaped an assasinas-
tion attempt when he was premier
in the uprising in February of 1936.
It was only after the outbreak of the
Pacific conflict that he returned to
an active role in political affairs. He
said he was anxious to restore peace
"because the 'war was wrong from
the start" and he wanted to save Ja-
pan from annihilation.
La Guardia .Asks
That UN.*RRA'.
Be -Liquidated'
GENEVA, Aug. 7--(P)--Forello La-
Guardia, Director-General of the
UNRRA, recomended today that the
Relief Agency which has spent 32,-
937,000,000 in aiding the world's
needy people be liquidated about Oct.
1.
'STEP IN RIGHT DIRECTION':
Puerto Ricans Comment on Abolition of Island Governor
" U.S. asistant Secretary, of State
Will Clayton supported the recom-
mendation, made to the UNRRA
council meeting. Now that the im-
mediate postwar emergency is
drawing to an end, Clayton said, the
"proper solution for any country that
may require assistance is to apply
on an individual basis to another
country which in its opinion is able
and prepared to furnish this assis-
tance."
LaGuardia irr a quarterly report
to the council said he would go to,
China "to make a little noise there
and see what I can do," after which
he would like to be relieved as direc-
tor-general.
Clayton said. he agreed with La-
Guardiathat UNRRA should be au-
thorized to continue operations for
the care of displaced persons for a
reasonable time until the Interna-
tional Refugee Organization of the
United Nations can make prepara-
tions to take over. He said it might
also be desirable to allocate some
UNRRA funds for social welfare and
health until the ecnnnmic and socia1
r
By PHYLLIS KAYE
The abolition of a foreign gover-
nor, classed by the New York Times as
the "most obnoxious symbol of the
colonial system," has recently taken
place in the territorial possession of
Puerto Rico.
President Has Power of Dismissal
Defendini, who is an instructor in
the Department of Romance Lang-
uages, stated that this move, as the
beginning of a trend, is something
the Island has long waited for. He
added, however, that while the nowers
When questioned concerning the
controversy of independence versus
statehood for Puerto Rico, Defendini
declared, this problem is of "minor
importance," but a prominent ques-
tion is the solution of the problem
of the colonial status of Puerto Rico.
North American Economic Control
Defendini pointed out that tIe
Puerto Rican people definitely feel
they are subject to North Americag
economic control. An example of
this economic domination is the ab-
sentee ownership of sugar cane nian-