UNIVERSITY
ADOPTION
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VOL. LV, No. 14-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, JULY 21, 1945
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Conference on Post- War
Will Be Offered Here
Ruthven, Ferguson, E. S. Brown To Speak in
Series of Twenty Addresses on U.S. Position
A two-week conference on "The United States in the Post-War
World" consisting of lectures by guest speakers and University professors,
will be offered by the Summer Session Office starting Monday.
A series of twenty afternoon and evening addresses, including addres-
ses by President Alexander G. Ruthven and U. S. Senator Homer Fergu-
son, will be initiated by Prof. Everett S. Brown, chairman of the political
SWake
Island
Survivors
Tell Story
science department. "Patterns of Poli
tional" will be discussed by Prof. Bro
Bretton Woodse
Agreements Go
To White House
Export-Import Bank r
Powers Augmented V
By The Associated Press_ P
WASHINGTON,. July 20 --0)-
Congress completed the economict
framework for the United States'
widened place in world affairs todayI
my sending to the White House the
Bretton Woods monetary agreements
and .a $2,800,000,000 boost in the ex-
port-import bank's lending powers.c
The actions left the United NationsI
Charter as the only pending business
connected with an international pro-g
gram designed to keep the peace andC
promote world trade.V
Charter Is Next
The Charter will come up next ine
theSenate Monday for a week of de-J
bate and then undoubted ratification.N
With little debate and by unani-
mous voice vote, the Senate accept-r
ed the House-approved legislation in-C
creasing the export-import bank'sv
lending authority from $700,000,0001
to $3,500,000,000.
Bretton Woods commits this coun-v
try to invest about $6,000,000,000 inr
establishment of a $9,100,000,000 in-t
ternational bank and an $8,800,000,-I
000 monetary stabilization fund. I
Export-Import BankE
The export-import bank, now 11
years old, has operated heretoforeo
primarily as an agency for short-a
term financing of imports and ex-s
ports.
As the Senate passed the bill rais-I
ing its lending power, Senator Taftv
(R-Ohio) said without contradictionk
that most of the increase would gop
during the next 12 months into re-d
habilitation of Europe. Russia will
get $1,000,000,000, the Ohioan added.t
Jap Empire
Hit farom AirU
itical Thought, National or Interna-
wn at 4:10 p. m. EWT (3:10 p. m.
CWT) Monday at Rackham Amphi-
theatre.
Now chairman of the political sci-
ence department, Prof. Brown, M. L.,
Ph. D., was appointed acting chair-
man of the department in 1941. An
assistant to Herbert Hoover in the
American Relief Administration,
1918-20, Prof. Brown was a member
of the U. S. Food Administration,
1917-18. "The Constitutional Histo-
ry of the Louisiana 'Purchase" was
written by Prof. Brown, who com-
piled "The Ratification of the Twen-
ty-First Amendment to the Consti-
tution of the United States" in 1938.
He is a member of the American
Political Science Association, the
Michigan Academy of Science, Arts
and Letters, the University Research
Club, theAmerican Historical Asso-
ciation and Phi Kappa Phi.
Dean Yoakum To Speak
Dean Clarence S. Yoakum of the
graduate school, Vice-President in
Charge of Educational Associations,
will introduce Prof. Brown.
"The Military Position of the Unit-
ed States" will be analyzed by Prof.
James B. Baxter III, President of
Williams College, at 8:15 p. m. EWT
(7:15 p. m. CWT) Monday at Rack-
am Amphitheatre. Historian of the
Office of Scientific Research and De-
velopment, Prof. Baxter has been a
lecturer at the Naval War College and
a Master of Adams House at Har-
vard. Prof. Baxter has also been Di-
rector of Research and Analysis for
the Coordinator of Information and
Deputy Director for the Office of
Strategic Services.
Richard Hudson Professor
Prof. Arthur E. R. Boak, chairman
of the history department and Rich-
ard Hudson, Professor of Ancient Hi-
story, will introduce Prof. Baxter.
"Problems in the Relations of the
United States and the Arab World"
will be discussed by Prof. Clark Hop-
kins of the Latin department at 4:10
p. m. EWT (3:10 p. m. CWT) Tues-
day in Rackham Amphitheatre.
Jacob Viner, noted University of
Chicago economist, will speak on
"Problems of Economic Cooperation"
at 8:15 p. m. EWT (7:15 p. m. CWT)
Tuesday at Rackham Amphitheatre.
President Ruthven To Speak
President Alexander G. Ruthven
will deliver the evening lecture Wed-
nesday on "Problems of Educational
Cooperation." A fellow of the Amer-
ican Academy of the Arts and Sci-
ences, President Ruthven was award-
ad the Blue Cordon of the Order of
the Brilliant Jade.
Tag Day Drive
To Send Detroit
Boys To Camp
Disadvantaged Youths
To Seek Contributions
Boys from the Detroit area will be
sent to the University Fresh Air
Camp with the money collected in
the Tag Day Drive to be held Tues-
day.
Stationed throughout the campus
and downtown, boys from the camp
will solicit money for the tags. The
goal for the drive has been set at
$1,000.
Recreation for Children
The purpose of the camp, Prof. F.
N. Menefee, camp director, has stated
is to provide recreation for disadvan
taged children from the Detroit area
ane, in addition, to help them to ad-
just to their social environment.
Boys from 9 to 13 years of age who
are not making acceptable progress
in school or who are sub-normal in
health or social adjustment, are stud-
ied at the camp. A record of their
progress in the camp is kept and is
submitted to the social agency in
charge of the boy for further treat-
ment.
In Charge of Grad Student
While in camp, the boy is in charge
of a Counsellor who is a graduate
student in education, sociology or so-
cial work. Thirty-seven counsellors_
have been chosen from schools
throughout the country and include,
in addition to students, two superin-
tendents, five principals and one
Dean of Women. The counsellors are
furnished their tuition, room and
board and are required to take a
maximum of six hours in education
and sociology courses. One of the
purposes of these courses is to give
the school teacher social work train-
ing which he can apply in the school-
room.
U.S. Did Not
Fight for Land
Truman Tells World
We Fought for Peace
By The Associated Press
BERLIN, July 20-President Tru-
man told the world today that the
United States does not propose to
trade its sacrifices in the bloodiest
of wars for territorial conquest or
monetary gain.
Speaking only a few miles from'
the former Kaisers' palace where he
is working with Prime Minister
Churchill and Generalissimo Stalin
on a formula for preserving Europe
against future war he declared point-
edly:
"We are not fighting for conquest.
There is not a piece of territory or
one thing of a monetary nature we
want out of this war."
The words were spoken at the
historic occasion of the raising of the
stars and stripes over the capital of
Germany-"our greatest adversary."
Picked infantrymen from the second
("hell on wheels") armored division
then heard this solemn warning:
"We must not forget that we are
fighting for peace and for the welfare
of mankind."
"We want peace and we want to
see the time come when we can do
the things in peace that we have been
able to do in war," the gray-haired
Missourian assured the victorious
outfit.
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Marines Surrender To Avoid
Slaughter of'Helpless Civilians
Two Lieutenants Escape Prison Camp,
Describe Garrison Under Jap Rule
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, July 20-Two survivors of the heroic marine garrison
on Wake Island said today the defenders surrendered to the Japanese largely
to prevent further slaughter of unarmed civilians.
Seventy civilians had already been killed, along with 49 Marines, when
the little Pacific Island was finally given up to strong enemy forces on Dec.
23, 1941, they related.
The survivors, first to tell of the last hours on Wake, were First Lieuten-
ants John A. McAlister, 26, of Blue Mountain, Miss., and John F. Kinney,
30, of Colfax, Wash.
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MAitIA
PHILIPPINE S
Pacic Qcear
f5 I SAIPAN
WHERE U. S. AIRMEN ARE BASED IN THE PACIFIC-Plane symbols
and labels locate operations of U. S. air units now blasting Japanese
holdings in the Pacific from the Philippines and Guam to the home!
islands of the enemy.
UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW:
Plih Stdents Use Makeshift
Facilities, Need Outside Aid
News Blackout Bars
Details of Tokyo Raid
GUAM, Saturday, July 21-(.P)-
While a security blackout still barred
details of the American and British
fleets' air-surface blows at Tokyo
Bay Wednesday and Thursday, Navy
and Army headquarters today re-
ported other widespread aerial thrusts
at the feebly defended Japanese em-
pire.
Lumbering search planes of the
fleet damaged a medium cargo ship
off eastern Honshu Friday, Adm.
Chester W. Nimitz announced, and
80 Mustangs from Iwo Jima strafed
central Honshu in the wake of a
record pre-dawn strike by more than
600 B-29s.
EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the first in a
series of informative articles on foreign
universities under consideration for adop-
tion. Information for this article was
supplied by Stefani Albrecht, American
citizen, who was in Poland at the time
of the German invasion, and was subse-
quently interned in a concentration camp
in France until January, 1943.
By ANITA FRANZ
Between the two World Wars, Pol-
and, as an independent nation for
the first time since the 18th century,
built new and modern schools and
supplied them with the latest equip-
ment.
When the Germans came Sept. 1,
Prejudice Bred
By Segregation
"Segregation of one group of work-
ers from their fellows, in any phase
of activity, promotes attitudes of
misunderstanding and antagonism,"
Frank Marquard, education director
'of the International Union, United
Automobile, Aircraft, and Agricultur-
al Implement Workers of America
(UAW-CIO), local No. 212, stated in
a recent interview.
Marquard will speak to the meet-
ing of the Inter-Racial Association
on "Labor and Racial Recrimina-
tion" at 7:30 p. m. EWT (6:30 p. m.
CWT) Monday in the Michigan
CWT)Monday in the Michigan
Union. Marquard has been very ac-
tive in combatting discrimination
within the unions by formulating
anti-prejudice programs of action.
"Plant conditions should be re-
viewed jointly by the local union and
management to eliminate all dis-
criminatory restrictions upon the
promotion and upgrading of work-
ers," Mr. Marquard commented.
CAMPUS EVENTS
Today Maj. Gen. M. C. Cramer
will address the JAG
graduation exercises at
10:15 a. m. EWT (9:15
a. m. CWT) in Rm. 100
Hutchins Hall.
Today Graduates will meet on
the Rackham Building
steps at 3:00 p. m. EWT
(2:00- p. m. CWT) for a
picnic on the Island.
Today "The Male Animal" will
be presented by the De-
partment of Speech at
2:30 p. :m. EWT (1:30
p.m. CWT) and at 8:30
p.m. EWT (7:30 p. m.
CWT) at Lydia Mendel-
ssohn Theatre.
Today Mixer dance at the Union
at 2:30 p. m. EWT (1:30
p. m. CWT) and record
dance froth 9-12 p. m.
EWT (8-11 p. m. CWT)
in the North Lounge.
Today tLaNoche de los Ma
yos," Mexican flm, will
beshown at 8:30 p. m.
EWT (7:30 p. m. CWT)
in the Lecture Hall of the
Rackham Building.
'ITdayThe All-Nations Club will
Job Placement
Parley To Open
Here Tuesday'
The annual Guidance and Place-
ment Conference, sponsored by the
University Bureau ofAppointments
and Occupational Information, will
be held at 7:30 p. m. EWT (6:30
"WT) Tuesday at the Rackham
Amphitheatre, it was announced yes-
terday.
One-hundred fifty schools superin-
tendents representing institutions
throughout the state, are expected to
attend the Conference.
Poswar Problems
Purpose of the meeting is to ac-
quaint superintendents and school
teachers with postwar problems ip,
education.
Conference speakers include: Dr.
T. Luther Purdom, director of the
University Bureau of Appointments
and Occupational Information; Char-
les L. Anspach, President of the Cen-
tral Michigan College of Education;
Ben R. Marsh, vice-president of the
Michigan Bell Telephone Co.; and
William O'Neil, director of the Yanks
Service Bureau of the Chicago Sun.
Replacement Problems
Dr. Purdom will discuss briefly,
"Immediate Problems of Replacement
f Civians" while President Anspach
will talk on "Study of Supply, De-
mand, and Placement of Teachers."
"The Postwar Program of the
Michigan Bell Telephone Co." will be
the subject of Marsh's address, with
O'Neil, director of the Yanks Ser-
vice Bureau lecturing on "Veterans
Education Programs and Their Ef-
fect on Public Education."
1939, they occupied all of the school
buildings from the grade schools to
the universities. The Ministry of
Education was turned into head-
quarters for the Gestapo, and its ar-
chive rooms became torture cham-
bers.
Faculty members were seized im-
mediately and either killed at once,
or sent to concentration camps where
they were tortured before being exe-
cuted. The few professors that man-
aged to escape organized "under-
ground schools," where small groups
of 'students met daily for several
hours.
'Underground Schools'
Each day students in the "under-
ground schools" had to change their
place of meeting because all educa-
tional activity was forbidden. With
every means of transportation taken
over by the Germans, students had
to walk miles in the cold and snowy
Polish weather to get to school.
There was no heat. There was no
glass in the windows. They attended
their "underground" classes wearing
sweaters and coats.
The Germans confiscated the print-
ing presses and the libraries. Books
were procured from older friends who
had already graduated, and when the
students had finished using the books,
they passed them on to their younger
friends.
Warsaw Uprising
In the 63-day uprising in Warsaw,
the entire city was destroyed-the
University of Warsaw along with it.
Learning is going on in Poland to-
day, but in the open, not in hiding.
Yet students still must use their
make-shift facilities.
Immediate government financial
aid for rehabilitations of the Univer-
sity is impossible because the Polish
government is new. The only way
that students of the University of
Warsaw may rebuild now is through
material help from persons outside
the nation.
* * *
Adoption Dance
Will Be Held
An "Adoption Dance," sponsored
by the Student Organization for In-
ternational Cooperation, will be held
from 9 p. m. to midnight EWT (8 to
11 p. m. CWT) next Saturday in the
ballroom of the Union.
Entire proceeds of the dance will
be usedto send supplies to a foreign
university chosen for adoption. Se-
lection of the university will be made
by the entire student body at a cam-
pus election to be held Friday, and
the name of the institution chosen
will be announced at the dance.
In order to supply students with
information regarding the universi-
ties under consideration, a series of
articles on these universities will ap-
They have just reached Washing-
ton after escape from a prisoner of
war camp near Shanghai, China. Now
they managed that is a secret.
The Lieutenants said the Japanese
killed two wounded men in a sur-
rendered hospital, forced all the sur-
rendering garrison to strip and tied
them to posts for hours. They al-
lowed the captives no food and little
water for two days.
435 on Wake
They told a news conference that
there were 435 Marines on Wake at
the start, that the 50th Marine death
came the day after surrender.
It was Lt. Kinney who was credited
with keeping the island's fewtplanes
in the air by a proces of patching,
swapping parts, stripping and re-
building.
Lt. McAlister was with the defense
forces on tiny Wilkes Island, part of
the Wake atoll, which was the last
defending unit to surrender.
Improvised Hospital
Kinney said he was in an improvis-
ed hospital suffering from exhaustion
when the surrender order came, and
a surrender flag was raised over the
hospital shack. When Japanese troops
arrived, he said, all personnel who
were able were standing with arms
raised, but the.Japanese nevertheless
fired into the shack, killing two and
wounding one.
All of the surrendering garrison
were stripped naked and tied to posts
for several hours and then kept in
the open for two days. On Christmas
night they were moved to barracks
and given two meals a day from
their own stores.
A Little Rice
The prisoners arrived in Shanghai
January 24.
Food in the prison camp consisted
of small portions of rice, and occa-
sionally some cabbage or carrots with
a tiny piece of meat about every
third meal.
The prisoners' health held up fair-
ly well after Red Cross packages
began to arrive.
When the first attack came ecem-
ber 8, Wake time, Kinney was 0
miles at sea with a four plane patrol.
The garrison's eight other planes
were dispersed on the ground as
much as possible, but the first at-
tack destroyed seven and badly dam-
aged the eighth. Of the island's 44
air personnel, 20 were killed or ser-
iously wounded.
Mexican Film To Be
Shown Again Today
"The Dark Night of the Mayas,"
wil be shown at 8:30 p. m. EWT (7:30
p. m. CWT) today in the Rackham
Auditorium.
This Mixican film is under the
sponsorship of the summer session
office and no admision is charged.
Accompanying the feature ic a
French musical short featuring sev-
eral DeBussy selections.
"The Novedades" a Mexican paper
has said of the film: "From now on,
'The Dark Night of the Mayas' will
do much to make the world under-
stand how great Mexican thinking
and Mexican poetry are."
Allied Police
Seeky German
Illegal Dealers
Illicit Trading Centers
Discovered in Berlin
By The Associated Press
BERLIN, July 20-Big-time Ger-
man operators in illicit stocks of
Allied food and gasoline were sought
by Military Police of the American,
British and Soviet occupying armies
here tonight.
American and British security"of-
flcers have for two weeks been care-
fully spotting centers of illegal trai-
ing, especially in Allied military sup-
plies, against the time when the
higher-ups could be grabbed. Author-
ization by the Berlin Kommandatur
brought Soviet Military Police into
action as part of the dragnet.
German Police Help
Units of the German police force
joined Allied Military Police in an
affort to clean up a situation which
U. S. Maj. Gen. Floyd L. Parks called
a menace to the city's welfare.
Parks told the second meeting of
t h e Inter-Allied "Kommandatur"
that he believed the "black market"
had grown to"alarming proportions."
French Sit In
His proposal that coordinated
measures be undertaken to wipe it
out was approved immediately and
provost marshals of all four powers
prepared joint operations. TheFrench
sat in at the meeting but did not
participate because they are not yet
occupying part of Berlin.
Unofficially it was acknowledged
that troops of all armies represented
here had been drawn to some extent
into the whirlpool of speculation
among physically hungry and paper-
rich Berliners.
Street vendors of rationed foods
have been demanding sky-high pri-
ces inillicit sales.
New Spanish
Cabinet Formed
MADRID, July 20-()-The Span-
ish government announced tonight
the formation ofa new cabinet head-
ed by Generalissimo Franco and with
Alberto Martin Artajo, Catholic Lay
Leader, replacing Jose Felix Lequerica
as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Falange leader Jose Luis Arrese
was dropped as Minister Without
Portfolio.
Raimundo Fernandez Cuestas, for-
mer Secretary General of the Fal-
anage, was named as the new Mini-
ster of Justice.
Spaniards had expected a reor-
ganization of the cabinet since the
time of the United Nations' San
Francisco Conference statement that
governments organized with Axis aid
would not be accepted into the United
Nations.
/
98 OFFICERS LEAVE:
Cramer, Stason To Address
JAG Graduates Here Today
* * *
Maj.-Gen. Myron C.Cramer, Judge
Advocate General of the Army and
Dr. E. Blythe Stason, Dean of the
Law School, will address the 98 of-
ficers graduating from the JAG
School at 10:15 a. m. EWT (9:15 a.
m. CWT) today, Rm. 100 Hutchins
Hall.}
Gen. Cramer, who made a special
trip from Washington, D. C., to parti-
cipate in the weekend ceremonies,
and Dr. Stason have been traditional
commencement speakers since the
School was transfered to Ann Ar-
bor in September, 1942. Both speak-
ers will be introduced by Col. Regi-
nald C. Miller, Commandant of the
BRETTON WOODS:
Watkins Says Will To Make
Machinery Work' Necessary
Bretton Woods, the product of the
lessons of the inter-war period, pro-
vides machinery for international ec-
onomic cooperation; the will to make
the machinery work will determine
its success, Prof. Leonard L. Watkins
of the economics department told a
Hillel Foundation audience yester-
day.
Speaking on "Economic Bases for
Peace," Prof. Watkins explained that
and investment arrangements, it
would provide no necessary guaran-
tee against the nationalistic policies
employed in the pre-war period.
The functions of the International
Fund, provided for in the Bretton
Woods plan, he pointed out, are: 1)
to act as an umpire in the setting of
exchange rates; 2) to reestablish a
multilateral trade system, ridding
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