l _
,, . ., ..i .. ., _ n ...
' r
ft irn
I
Weather
Warmer
VOL LI, No. 20-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, JULY 24, 1943
PRICE FIVE CENTS
'Weary
Italian
People
Clamor
for
Peace
- sj
Russians Crash
Through German Lines East of Orel
0
* * *
* * *
Reds Score
Gains on Nazi
Central Front
2,000 Axis Troops
Killed in Soviet Drive
As Zolotarevo Falls
By The Associated Press
LONDON, July 24, Saturday-
Russian forces crashed across a river
directly east of Orel, killing 2,000
Germans massed on the west bank,
and scored fresh gains of two to four
miles on the north and south sides
of the beleaguered German central
front pivot,'Moscow announced early
today.
German broadcasts said 18 Soviet
divisions had begun a powerful of-
fensive south of Leningrad, but offi-
cial Russian dispatches were silent
on developments there.
Now Eight Miles From Orel
The river crossing at Orel ap-
peared to have put the Red Army
within eight miles of the city- after
a three-mile drive from Zolotarevo,
the last village to fall in that area.
Another Russian column was less
than nine miles northeast of Orel.
Several more villages fell to the
advancing Russians who knocked out
scores of German tanks and killed
thousands of enemy troops yesterday
in fighting .raging _clear down .to the
Spa of Azov, said the midnight bulle-
tin recorded by the Soviet Monitor.
°'oth of Orel the Russians beat
downsneveral fierce German counter-
attacks near Bolkhov, wiping out a
regi ent of enemy infantry. Bolkhov,
kstone of a strong Nazi defense
etwork 35 miles above Orel, fell to
the Russians Thursday.
Bryansk Railway Threatened
The Soviet drive on the north also
was wheeling behind Orel, endanger-
ing the railway running northwest of
Bryansk. One dispatch said Khara-
chev, midway between the two cities
on the railway, already was threat-
ened.
the Germans also lost heavily in
the Belgorod sector and the Donets
Basin to the south, and Russian for-
ces again were attacking the Ger-
mans in the northwestern Caucasus.
Bombers Sink
Japanese Craft
By The Associated Press
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, July
24. (Saturday) - Allied bombers
smashed a Japanese attempt to run
supplies to their strong base at Buin
on Bougainville Island Thursday
night, sinking a 9,000-ton enemy sea-
plane tender and damaging one of
four escorting destroyers.
The seaplane tender, of the "Nis-
shin" class, was sighted off the coast
of Bougainville Island just at dusk.
Heavy torpedo and divebombers, pro-
tected by a strong force of fighters,
sped to the attack and sent the ten-
der to the ocean bottom.
Today's communique from General
Douglas MacArthur's headquarters
contained no information on the
progress of American troops closing
in on the Japanese airbase at Munda,
New Georgia.
v
Russian Army Presses Nearer Orel
s R RUSSI
V luke Rziiev.Lu iG r ;
Luk ~;OSCOWGrk
ovyazma
Smolensk
Tula. Ryazan
8ryansk
OREL
.VoronezhSaratov
Kursk *Voronezh
Kiev
KIv Belgoro
, Kharkov Von R
s Stalingrad
Izyum Vorosiilovgrad t g
Dniepero- Vo
petrovsk9
Staling ?'t
Odessa
Rostov
. Tikhoretsk
Sevastopol ® Krasnodar
"::": .:..li Novorossisk 0 150
?si!!!!Block'- .!!!Sea ''STATUTE MILS
The attacking Russian Army is advancing steadily (arrows) nearer
Orel, despite fresh German reserves being poured into the battle,
according to a Soviet communique. In the Donets Basin, the Reds
WLB Cautions Labor
Against Wage.Increases
Little Steel Formula To Hold, Despite
Threats of Union Heads Murray, Green
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, July 23.- The WarLabor Board solemnly cautioned
labor today against seeking "inflationary wage increases" even as President
Roosevelt disclosed that the administration is endeavoring to reorganize the
defense against inflation with a new price control and economic stabiliza-
tion program.
While acknowledging that no ideas have been agreed upon yet, the
President told a press-radio conference that whatever decision is reached,
Congress will have'the final word because-it will cost money.
UMW Chief Lewis
reported improving their positions
Voroshilovgrad (arrows). Heavy
battle line.
Jap Positions
On Kiska Hit
By Task Force
Heavy Yank Shelling
Damages Island Air
Strip, Starts Fires
WASHINGTON, July 23.- ()- A
Pacific fleet task force which pos-
sibly included battleships heavily
bombarded Japanese positions on
Kiska Island yesterday, the Navy
announced today. Enemy coast de-
fense guns returned the fire but
failed to damage any of the war-
ships.
The shelling, seventh of a deadly
series probably designed to soften up
enemy defenses for the battle of
Kiska, followed by 24 hours an Amer-
ican bomber raid aimed at knocking
out the newly completed air strip on
the island. Numerous hits were
scored on the runway and camp
area, and several fires were started,
a communique said.
Meanwhile, in the South Pacific,
the Japanese for the second time in
two days bombed the American base
on Funafuti Island in the Ellice
group on Thursday. The second raid
apparently was heavier than the
first, in which only three bombers
participated and which resulted in
no damage or injuries to personnel.
In Thursday's attack two of the
Japanese bombers were shot down
The strategy behind the Japanese
air attack on Funafuti was a sub-
ject of no little speculation. Some
persons here regarded it as the be-
ginning of an enmy counter thrust
directed at the center of the supply
route between the Hawaiian Islands
and the Solomon's-Australian area.
south
black
of Izyum and southwest of
line indicates approximate
Thomas Says
Basis Is Laid
For New War
WASHINGTON, July 23. - (A) -
Norman Thomas, Socialist Party
leader, said tonight that the United
Nations are "laying the foundations
for new war by their obvious inten-
tion to perpetuate their own im-
perialism."
In an address prepared for a mass
meeting in connection with a quar-
terly meeting of the party's execu-
tive committee, Thomas said :
"Great Britain has not promised
to restore Hong Kong to China. We
have not repealed unilateral Chinese.
exclusion, and we have intensified
our own racial tension. Churchill
has announced bluntly 'we mean to
hold our own. I have not become the
King's First Minister to preside over
the dissolution of the British Em-
pire.' This statement has not been
changed or modified in any way by
Mr. Churchill or protested by our
government.
"As it stands, it means that Amer-
ican boysdare fighting tosrestore
Burma and Malaya to British rule
and keep India under British rule."
Detroit Garbage Collects
As Employes Strike
DETROIT, July 23,-(A)-Garbage
went uncollected in many sections of
Detroit today as approximately 2,500
employes of the Department of Pub-
lic Works, engaged in a jurisdictional
dispute and demanded wage increase
away from work.
Their action brought from Mayor
Edward J. Jeffries and the City
Council an ultimatum that unless
they were back on the job Monday
morning they would be dismissed.
Answers Labor's Announcement
Mr. Roosevelt's announcement car
FDR Declares
Rome Bombing
Was Necessary
Military Needs, Not
Retaliation Dictated
Hitting Eternal City
WASHINGTON, July 23.- (P)-
Still hopeful that Rome will be de-
clared an open city, President Roose-
velt emphasized today that Mon-
day's bombing of the Italian capi-
tal's munitions and railway facilities
was dictated by military necessity to
save the lives of Allied fighting men
-and not for retaliation.
The Chief Executive offered no
assurance that the swelling air
might of the Allies would not
again return to Rome; to the con-
trary, he' declared that the more
the Allies -could keep military traf-
fic from operating between Rome
and the south the better it would
be for the Allies.
He told his press-radio conference
that the Allies for more than a year
had sought without success to have
the Italian Fascist leaders declare
Rome an open city, a move which
would free it from attack, and added
that he still hoped it would be so
made.
An open city is one which con-
tains no troops, defenses, mili-
tary installations, military factor-
ies, or transportation facilities uti-
lized for the movement of military
supplies or personnel. The power
in possession, having thus demili-
tarized the city, then could declare
"open," probably subject to an in-
spection by a third party to see
whether the conditions have been
met.
In discussing the raid on Rome,
Mr. Roosevelt described the city as
an important military center with
airports, munitions factories and im-
mense marshalling yards for the
transport of troops and guns to
southern Italy.
Lt.Dur fee, U'
Grad uate, Is
ne less than 24 hoiu1rs after organized
labor asked him for a retail price
rollback to Sept. 15, 1942, levels or
abandonment of the WLB's "little
steel" formula. This formula de-
clares in general that wage increases
granted to compensate for higher
living costs shall not total more than
15 percent of wages paid on Jan. 1,
1941.
The board announced today it
has no intention of scrapping the
little steel formula although "other
divisions of the anti - inflation
army may weaken."
Presenting its position in an opin-
ion denying wage increases to Los
Angeles transit workers who struck
yesterday for a 24-hour period, WLB
told labor that before making wage
demands discordant with the sta-
bilization program, "labor should
look to what is likelynto happen if
that program is broken down."
WLB Will Hold Line
Declaring that the board intends
to hold the line againstinflation "in-
sofar as demands for inflationary
wage increases are concerned," the
opinion observed:
"The time has come for labor to
realize that if we are going to stop
inflation we cannot continue to raise
wages in the wage brackets which
are not substandard.
"However, having made sacri-
fices in the form of unrealized
wage increases and decrease pur-
chasing power, labor is in an ex-
cellent position to voice the de-
mand that prices be rolled back to
reasonable levels and that the cost
of living be strictly controlled."
William Green, president of the
American Federation of Labor, and
Phillip Murray, head of the Congress
of Industrial Organizations, said yes-
terday that unless price levels of 10
months ago are restored, labor will
discontinue support of the entire
stabilization program and seek re-
moval of Price Administrator Pren-
tiss Brown.
18-Year Voting
Limit Opposed
By Teen-A gers
NEW YORK, July 23.--(P--A ma-
jority of 85,916 students in 1,000
American high schools are opposed
to lowering the legal voting age to
18 years, the Institute of Student
Opinion has announced after a sur-
vey.
Fifty-three per cent of the boys
and girls participating expressed op-
position to the constitutional amend-
ment proposed by Senator Arthur
Vandenberg (Rep.-Mich.) Forty-
three per cent favored the idea and
four per cent had no opinion.
The result was described as start-
ling by M. R. Robinson, Director of
the Institute, which was set up in
April as a channel of expression for
the nation's youth. The Institute is
sponsored by the Scholastic Maga-
zines, of which Rbinson is publisher.
Prior to the poll, Robinson said, "a
number of prominent educators,
teachers, principals and superinten-
dents" were queried on the probable
outcome and "in all cases they ex-
pressed the belief that youth would
be strongly in favor of the amend-
ment.'
Former University
Scowling UMW leader John L.
Lewis (above) has finally waved
the white flag by recognizing the
WarLabor Board and agreeing to+
appear before it in support of a+
contract to settle the mine contro-
versy.
* *. *
Lewis Agrees
To Appear
Before WLBJ
Letter to Chairman
Says Miners Ready
To Support Contract
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, July 23.-Ending,
at least temporarily, a long and bit-
ter feud.John L.-Lewisformally rec-
ognized the War Labor Board today'
and agreed to appear before it in
support of a contract which, he
hopes, will be a model for settlement
of the entire mine labor controversy.
Lewis's written offer to come be-
fore the board, which the president
of the United Mine Workers pre-
viously has scorned, apparently re-
moved one of the major obstacles
toward settlement of the mine dis-
pute by getting both sides, in the
controversy to sit down with WLB
and discuss the situation.
The labor leader's sudden change
of mind about the board which he
once charged was a "packed court,"
was caused, spokesmen for the UMW
said, by the fact that the board now
is a statutory body whereas in the
past it functioned under executive
decree.
The Smith-Connally Labor Dis-
putes Act, which gave WLB legal
status, empowered the board to
subpoena witnesses and records in
considering labor disputes. The
board had no such power when it
earlier requested the unionto come
before it, and since the mine wage
discussions started last March,
Lewis repeatedly ignored the re-
quests.
Lewis's recognition of WLB was in
the form of a letter to Board Chair-
man William H. Davis. The UMW
chieftain wrote that he and Illinois
mine operators "stand ready to ap-
pear before you" to support a con-
tract between the union and the
Illinois Coal Operators Association.
Peakeeats
Commissionl
Former Instructor
Now a Licutenant
Charles H. Peake, former instruc-
tor in the Department of English at
the University, was Rommissioned a
Evacuation of
Sicily by Axis
Troops Begins
Palermo Is Captured
As Allied Forces Take
F1ouRr-IFifths of Island
By The Associated Press
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
NORTH AFRICA, July 23-Italian
citizens were reported today to be
clamoring for peace in demonstra-
tions in the streets of many cities in
Italy as the Allied forces in Sicily- ap-
parently had brought resistance to
an end in four-fifths of the island.
Reuters quoted a Stockholm dis-
patch saying the Axis forces had
begun evacuating Sicily. The
source of the report was a dispatch
to the SvenskanDagbladet from
Bern, Switzerland.
An armored column of the Ameri-
can Seventh Army which struck with
deadly speed to the north coast had
captured Palermo, Sicilian capital,
in a sledgehammer, blow which left
the defenders only a fifth of Sicily.
Attack Demoralizes Axis Camp
The tanks and cars which thun-
dered into the sixth large Italian city
and then turned to mop up thous-
ands of troops trapped in northern
and western Sicily, spread consterna-
tion among the surprised defenders
and demoralization throughout the
Axis camp.
Repercussions of the lightning
seizure came from all over Italy
and the Balkans.
Madrid dispatches said Italians
demonstrated in the streets of
Rome, Venice, Milan, Turin, Flor-
ence and Trieste, shouting "peace."
,.wt; sgbotagp were reported
sweeping the country, andthe Bal-
kans was rumbling with reports of
rebellion. Rome already was the
scene of a large-scale civilian evacu-
ation movement.
Allies Converge to Northeast
The capture of Palermo with its
extensive shipping, naval and air
facilities gave to the Allies a domi-
nating port on the Tyrrhenian Sea
approach to Rome, and reports of Al-
lied Headquarters tonight indicated
that all Allied armies were converg-
ing swiftly toward the one remaining
active battle line in northeastern
Sicily.
Axis resistance was now com-
pressed in the northeastern tip, in
an area but little larger than Cap
Bon where Col. Gen. Jurgen Von
Arnim's army met catastrophe in
Tunisia.
The situation appeared to be sim-
ilar to that in Tunisia before the
American breakthrough at Mateur.
Then Montgomery's powerful drive
up the Tunisian east coast caused the
Axis commanders to shift a large
part of their forces to meet it, expect,
ing the main offensive to come from
that direction. Instead the main
blow came from the west.
* * *
Allies Bomb
Bises in Crete
NEW YORK, July 23.-(A')-The
Berlin radio said tonight that "strong
forces of Allied bombers have at-
tacked German airfields in Crete,"
the large Greek island south of the
Balkans. NBC recorded the broad-
cast.
The Germans said ten Allied planes
were brought down by anti-aircraft
guns alone.
The attack was reported to have
been directed against German air-
bases and the three largest towns in
Crete. The damage was called "in-
significant."
(The report has not been cqn-
firmed by any Allied source.)
*_*E
ONE MONTH PLEDGE 'REQUIRED:
Fraternities Begin Rushing Monday
Killed in Action
Lt. Paul S. Durfee, '41, has been
reported killed in action in the South
Pacific according to recent word re-
ceived here by his parents from the
Naval Department.
A student in the University Law
School after his graduation. Lt. Dur-
fee was called to active duty by the
Navy in the spring of 1942. He was
enrolled in the Naval Reserve V-7
program.
Although the naval telegram did
not contain details as to the circum-
stances of Lt. Durfee's death, he is
supposed to have been lost when his
ship, the U.S.S. destroyer Gwin, was
torpedoed during the second battle
of Kula gulf in the invasion of New
Georgia Island.
Lt. Durfee reported at the naval
school at Notre Dame University
when he was called to active duty
and from there was sent to the U.S.S.
In accordance with new rushing
rules, approximately 30 campus fra-
ternities will begin summer rushing
Monday.
The new regulations passed by the
Committee on Student Affairs to
govern all houses for the duration of
the war will alleviate engagement
qnd period of pledgeship require-
ments to permit a man to be initiated
one month after pledging.
First Semester Freshmen Eligible
schools comply with the C require-
ments.
Undergraduates above the fresh-
men level who do not receive five
week grades will be eligible for initi-
ation only after semester grades are
received. They may pledge during the
formal rushing period, however.
Students Must Register
Any student who wishes to be
rushed must register at the office of
the Interfraternitv Council, Room
elsewhere in Ann Arbor.
IFC members indicated yesterdayj
that much of the summer rushing
will be in the form of informal pic-
nics because of the scarcity of avail-
able houses.
No Late Phone Calls
Rushing engagements may be held
at any time during the day until 10
p.m., although telephone calls for
making future engagements after
this time will not he considered il-
I
second lieutenant in the infantry
upon his graduation July 16 from the Peace Feelers Sent
officer candidate school at Ft. Ben-jTo Vatican byAxis
ning, Ga.
Enlisting in October, 1942, Lt. NEW YORK, July 23-(-P-A Brit-
Peake underwent basic training at ish broadcast, quoting the Swedish
Camp Roberts, Calif., where he at- newspaper Nya Dagligt Allehanda,
tended non-commissioned officer's said tonight that Italy, Hungary and
- . - - ' ._ _-_ -_ - z - i n a l a - r |- A o i
i