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VOL. LIII, No. 26-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, AUG. 1, 1943
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Italy
Giraud Named
Leader of All
French Forces
De Gaulle Heads New
Defense Conlimittee
In New Organization
By The Associated Press
ALGIERS, July 31. - Generals
Charles De Gaulle and Henri Giraud
achieved today unification of all the
French fighting forces under a single
command responsible to a central
government in a forceful bid for
recognition by the United States as
A* equal partner in the Allied war
effort.
Decrees named Giraud Command-
er in Chief of all the French land,
sea and air forces in the wo-rld and
give De Gaulle presidency of a new
committee of national defense.
Allied Recognition Necessary
- The new French organization was
immediately followed with a demand
by the French .commissioner of in-
formation, Georges Bonnet, that
British and American recognition of
the DeGaulle-Giraud setup as a pro-
visional government was "absolutely
necessary.",
"Our countrymen in France regard
recognition as a sign we are fully
cepted in Allied ranks," he said.
"When French troops land on the
hoeshofeFrance tomorrow, they
mst go there as the fighting forces
0f a recognized Allied government."
x Previously, DeGaulle and Giraud
had maintained separate armed
forces. Under the old arrangement as
joint -presidents of the French com-
mittee for national liberation they
presided alternately. Now Giraud will
preside when the committee deals
with military affairs and DeGaulle
when it handles civil or political
'ro lems. When Giraud is in the field
with his troops DeGaulle will preside
ione.
,Lend-Lease Issue Settled
,,The compromise also .settled the
issue of how American lend-lease
military shipments would be divided
among Giraud-DeGaulle forces and
answered the Allied demand that Gi-
raud be placed in charge of the
;F'rench armed forces.
The new defense committee re-
tained the right to decide the "gen-
eral conditions and the distribution
of French forces in the various the-
aters of operations."
, The new defense commissioner was
not named but DeGaulle's loyal fol-
lower, Gen. Paul Le Gentilhomme,
who commanded the free French
troops in the 1941 Syrian campaign,
was appointed assistant commission-
er of national defense.
It was noted that the French Com-
mittee of National Liberation with
headquarters on French soil express-
ly retained for itself the power to
"direct the general conduct of the
war and dispose of all land, naval
and air forces."
Rev. John Fenlon,
Of Holland, Dies
HOLLAND, Mich., July 31.-()-
The Rev. John F. FenIon, Provincial
of "the Sulpician Order of Catholic
Priests in the United States, died
suddenly here this afternoon.
Death resulted from a heart at-
tack at the home of his sister, Mrs.
Bernard J. Donnelly. Rev. Fenlon,
widely known as an educator and
Catholic leader, was spending a vaca-
tion here from headquarters of the
Sulpician Order at St. Mary's semi-
nary, Baltimore, Md.
Warned
of
rushing
Riotous Street Demonstrations
Air
Offensive
!.)
So viets Halt
Axis Drive
In Donets
Reds Roll Slowly
On Toward Orel in
Determined Attacks
By The Associated Press
LONDON, Sunday, Aug. 1-Rus-
sian big guns smashed almost 100
German tanks yesterday as Soviet
forces fought to a standstill another
major Axis blow in the Donets Basin
of Southern Russia, while in the Orel
sector Red troops rolled on slowly to
take several populated places, killing
1,400 Germans in the advance. f
Germans Pushed Back
The German push southwest of
Voroshilovgrad, powered with tanks,
planes and shock troops reeled back
under concentrated Soviet shelling,
said the Moscow midnight communi-
que, recorded by the Soviet moni-
tor.
In another, the bulletin said, Ger-
man infantry divisions, covered by
large numbers of tanks, attacked the
Russian lines. Soviet troops separat-
ed the enemy infantry from the tanks
by machine gun and rifle fire, forcing
the troops to turn back. Then Red
artillery and tanks picked off the
Axis armor. By the end of the day
50 wrecked German tanks studded
the battlefield.
Counterattack Launched
The Russians said the desperate
German defenders, hurriedly rein-
forced by airborne troops from Ger-
many and France, launched four
counterattacks which were beaten
down by Soviet troops near the gates
of the city. Six hundred Germans
were killed in one of these futile
chargesn
Service men
la y_Beco me
Union Members
Servicemen stationed on campus7
will be allowed to become members
of the Union by decision of the Board
of Directors at a meeting yesterday,
according to Bunny .Crawford, presi-
dent of the Union.
At the meeting, the Board also
voted to extend Union facilities to
members only. Servicemen will have
to join the Union in order to con-
tinue using its facilities, Crawford
said.
Servicemen Rates Lowered
Less than one third the amount
taken from civilian students' tuition
will be charged servicemen becoming
Union members, Crawford added.
"Membership in the Union, grant-
ing the right to use the varied facili-
ties of the building, is a privilege that
has never been open to everyone,"
Crawford declared.
Facilities Made Available
"By allowing servicemen to become
Union members at a reduced rate, we
are entitling them to the same con-
sideration enjoyed by civilian stu-
dents who pay for their membership
every year when they register." he
added.
Booths to take fees and give mem-
bership cards to all servicemen who
wish to continue using the facilities
of the Union will be set up at 5 p.m.
tomorrow in the East Quad, at 5
p.m. Tuesday in the West Quad, and
Thursday in the Union.
The amount paid by each service-
man will be deducted from the charge
of Union life membership, Crawford
said.
Allies Smash
Remscheid in
French Raids
Fighters, Bombers
Hit Vital Airfields
In Heavy Bombings
By The Associated Press
LONDON, July 31.- A week of the
most concentrated, sustained attacks
ever made on Germany's "third
front" ended today with hundreds of
Allied fighters and bombers roaring
over smoking, Axis-held Europe by
daylight.
A joint American and British com-
munique said tonight medium and
fighter bombers smashed at German
airfields in northern France today,
U.S. Eighth Air Force mediums strik-
ing fields at Poix, Merville, Tricque-
ville and Abbeville, while RAF med-
iums and fighters attacked 'others at
St. Omer, Amiens and Lille.
Thunderbolts Participate
At the same time, Thunderbolt
squadrons swept over the French
coast in further raids. Two Axis
fighters were destroyed and one
medium bomber and two fighters are
missing.
The daylight fleets attacked after
a saturation assault last night by the
RAF on Remscheid-a previously
untouched key town in the German
industrial system.
Matching Allied efforts elsewhere
in the United Nations' greatest
month of the war, the shattering
aerial offensive from Britain at-
tained new fury in July, with the
great German port of Hamburg ap-
parently marked for obliteration.
Hamburg Still Burns
A reconnaissance pilot flying over
Hamburg at noon today found great
fires still burning from the last 2,300-
ton attack 36 hours earlier. Smoke
stretched for 50 miles south of the
dock area, he said.
A main target was the Alexaneer-
werk A. G., a 75-acre establishment
turning out machinery for the chemi-
cal industry and for production of
motor parts and small arms. The city
harbored 25 smaller factories, mostly
machine tool producers, and railway
repair shops.
The total bomb weight hauled by
the Allies from Britain to the conti-
nent in July approached the 15,000-
ton mark of the record month of
June, with one night still left.
Hamburg No
Longer Exists
STOCKHOLM, Sweden, July 31.-
(A)--Germany's second city and main
port of Hamburg has "ceased to
exist" after a week of shattering Al-
lied air raids which leveled entire
blocks and killed perhaps 10,000 per-
sons, eyewitnesses reported tonight.
Swedish crewman of the Hildur,
which was hit while in Hamburg har-
bor, were quoted by the newspaper,
Aftontidning, as saying the city was
"an inferno" where perhaps only 50
houses remained undamaged. Thou-
sands of its dazed citizenry were
streaming out of its ruins to eastern
Germany, they said.
Other eyewitness reports received
here told this story:
Altoona and other parts of the
Hamburg harbor area were flattened
and in the harbor itself there was
such disorder that no control of any
kind existed.
Even German authorities, estimat-
ing 10,000 dead, explained the high
casualties by saying the people
didn't expect such furious raids."
in Rome
Allied Bombing Threat
May Cause Surrender
{
-Associated Press Photo
This picture was sent by radio from Bern, Switzerland to New York,
with the Bern caption describing it as a picture of demonstrations in
Rome which appeared in the July 28 edition of the Milan newspaper
Corriere Della Sera. Similar demonstrations are occurring throughout
Italy.
RELENTLESS RAIDS:
Allies Smash Jap Strongholds
Near Munda, Vila A irdromes
I
By The Associated PressI!
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, Aug.
1, Sunday-United States Army and
Navy warplanes delivered a series of
smashing attacks against Japanese
positions in the central Solomons
yesterday, concentrating their bombs
Roosevelt Asks
Neutral Refusal
To Harbor Axis
WASHINGTON, July 31.- UP)-
United States diplomats in the neu-
tral countries are conveying to these
governments President Roosevelt's
request that they refuse asylum to
Mussolini, Hitler, Tojo or any of
their "gangs" wanted as war crim-
inals.
The State Department issued this
announcement tonight:
"The diplomatic representatives of
the United States in Stockholm,
Sweden; Ankara, Turkey; Madrid,
Spain; Lisbon, Portugal; Bern, Swit-
zerland; Vatican City and Buenos
Aires, Argentina, have been instruc-
ted by the Department of State to
bring the President's statement (at
his press-radio conference yester-
day) to the attention of the govern-
ments to which they are accredited.
"The British representatives at the
above places and the representatives
of the U.S.S.R. in Stockholm and
Ankara are making similar repre-
sentations."
(Dublin, Eire, was not among the
list of neutral capitals and it was
said at the State Department that
Eire apparently was considered vir-
tually inaccessible because of the
British blockade.)
In his statement, President Roose-
velt expressed the hope that no neu-
tral government would permit its
territory to be used as a place of
refuge, since the affording of asylum
"to Axis leaders or their tools" would
be considered "inconsistent with the
principles for which the United Na-
tions are fighting."
Biddle Claims Union
Strike Vote Is Legal
WASHINGTON, July 31.- (A)-In
a far - reaching opinion, Attorney
General Biddle held today thatrany
union group-representing either the
majority or minority of the employes
-could demand and obtain a strike
around the Munda and Vila air-
dromes.
Bibilo Blasted
Torpedo and divebombers dropped
52 tons of bombs on Bibilo hills, a
mile northeast of Munda airdrome
on New Georgia Island. Escorting
fighters drove off 30 Japanese Zeros
which attempted to interfere with
the operation. Two of the American
fighters were shot down but one pilot
was saved.
Across Kula Gulf heavy Flying
Fortresses, Mitchells, Dauntless and
Avenger bombers with a strong fight-
er escort, pounded enemy camps and
positions around the Vila airdrome
on Kolombangara Island. Sixty tons
of bombs were dropped on the target
area. Strong anti-aircraft fire was
encountered in this area, the com-
munique from Gen. Douglas MacAr-
thur's headquarters said, but all the
American planes returned.
No Reports on Munda
There were no reports on the pro-
gress of the ground assault by Amer-
ican troops against Munda. The
heavy pounding from the air indi-
cated there still we e a number of
enemy strongpoints hat had to be
blasted out before the infantry could
move forward.
Meeting the enemy's increasing use
of barges to move men and supplies
from New Britain to New Guinea,
Allied planes made a series of day
and night sweeps along the coasts
of the two islands, sinking at least
14 barges and starting large fires
among a concentration of 12 barges
hidden in a small bay at the tip of
Huon Peninsula.
Taft Suggests
.Different .Draft
Classifications
WASHINGTON, July 31 .-(P-
Predicting early action by Congress
to overhaul the selective service sys-
tem Senator Taft (Rep. Ohio) wrote
Draft Director Lewis B. Hershey to-
day urging separation of men over
30 years of age and those younger
into different draft classifications.
Taft told an interviewer he felt
confident that demands for a halt in
' the drafting of fathers, linked with
indications of an easing off in se-
lective service quotas, would bring
the whole question of a reassessment
of the present induction system be-
fore Congress shortly after it recon-
venes in September from a summer
Rome News Hints at °
Imminent Collapse
By The Associated Press
LONDON, Aug. 1, Sunday-Italian
Premier Pietro Badoglio, facing al
grim Allied warning that his refusal@
to surrender would subject Italy to ae
renewed wave of aerial destruction,r
maintained silence early today ands
there was every reason to believeI
that Britain and the United States
were preparing to fulfill the threat.r
Fresh reports of peace demonstra-1
tions within Italy trickled in earlyt
today and the impression grew thatl
Marshal Badoglio could not stave off
a showdown much longer.f
Axis Affairs Look GraveI
A digest of news reports from
Rome itself, from neutral nationsr
and from Germany- whose radiot
announcements conceded thegravity
of affairs for the Axis-indicated
strongly that Premier Marshal Pietrot
Badoglio could not teeter muchc
longer.
The situation drew one official
statement tonight.1
"No communication whatever has
been received by any United Nationss
representative regarding a proposala
for neutralization of the Italian pen-j
insula, as reported in a dispatch
from Bern earlier today," the state-
ment said.
Badoglio Cannot Delay
The consensus in London was that
Badoglio has been hoping to obtain
a negotiated peace, but that inside
pressure is making it extremely dif-
ficult for him to delay the war-or-
peace decision further.-
It seemed obvious that Badogli
was trying desperately to hold pub-t
lie opinion in check and delay a
peace settlement to prevent. Italy
from becoming: a battlefield while
retrieving some 30' Italian 'divisions
from the Balkans and about 270,000
Italian workers from Germany.
Premier Bogdan Philov of Bulgaria
was reported favoring a German
plan that Bulgarian troops go into
Greece, but King Boris opposed it, an
Istanbul dispatch said. The result-
ing crisis might lead to the fall of
Philov's government.
Italian forces in Greece are esti-
mated at 17 divisions, which exceeds
the entire effective Bulgarian
strength.
Hayden To Talk
Tomorrow on
Negro Poetry
To show how poems by the new
Negro group have been influenced by;
the Imagist movement in American
poetry during the 20's will be the
purpose of Robert Hayden's conclud-
ing lecture on Negro poetry entitled
"I Too Sing America" at 8 p.m. to-
morrow in the auditorium of the
Rackham Building.
Poems by modern Negro writers
such as Langston, Hughes, Jean
Toomer, Sterling Brown and Claude
McKay will be read.
I Mr. Hayden will point out that the
Negro poetry has grown and broad-
ened as all American writing has
done. It is more reflective of trends
in this country, and should be criti-
cized on the same standards as other
writings.
The following lectures will be a
discussion of Negro art and litera-
ture and conclude with graphic arts.
This lecture series which is free of
charge and open to the public is
sponsored by the Inter-Racial So-
ciety.
Navy Blasts
Kiska Again
WASHINGTON, July 31. -(')-
A new one-two punch by sea and air
has been delivered against Japanese
positions on Kiska island in the Aleu-
tians, the Navy reported today, to
end a two-day respite from, attack
which weather gave the enemy.
An American Flying Fortress
bombed Japanese installation Thurs-
day and a warship force followed up
with a bombardment yesterday in
actions announced in the first com,-
munique on pre-invasion fighting
arournd Kiskas ine W ednedav.
New Regime Permits
More German Power
By The Associated Press
ALLIED 'HEADQUARTERS IN
NORTH AFRICA, July 31.- The
grim warning that a crushing new
air offensive against the Italian
mainland is coming immediately waf
sounded by radio tonight to the peo-
ple of Italy.
The Allied command in North Af-
rica declared that the blood of every
Italian struck will be on the headsof
the men in Rome.
New Regime Temporizes
Advising Italians to stay awar
from railways, factories, depots, Ger-
man barracks and all military tar'-
gets, the Allied broadcast accused the
new Badoglio Government of giving
Germans time to strengthen their
hand. in Italy and said the new re,
gime in Italy's hour of decision had
temporized instead of acting for hon-
or, peace and freedom.
There was no confirmation of 4a
report that Gen. Dwight D. -Eisen-
hower, commander of Allied forces
in North Africa, was negotiating wift
a representative' of' the Itilin gov *
ernment. In view of the warning
that bombings: would be resumed it
was considered- highly unlikely.
Italians Have No Choice p
(The first Italian broadcast after'
the Allied warning of bombs to come
was a broadcast by Rome Radi
which said that- the Italian people
had no choice but to continue the,
war.
(The broadcast; wlch was report-
ed by the OWI in the United States,
came three hours'afterA the 'Allied
message and may have been too soon
to.constitute a repy.
Mitohlels B$opb i ree
. A. preview, of the -renewed on..
slaught was. given yesterday when
American Mitchells swept to within
11 miles south of ' m to bomb thge
Practica Di Mare airdrome, tn '
ing Fortresses rained sledgehame
blows on the Grottaglie airport near
Taranto in southern Italy.
The warning-a 48-hour follow up
of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's dec-
laration that Italians must get rid of
Germans on their soil-came as it
was announced that both American
and British armies in Sicily had
made good advances behind terrific
artillery barrages which blasted out
areas 400 yards deep at a time for
the infantry mop-up.
Three more Italian islands-Fav-
ignana, Levanzo and Marrettimo-
off Sicily's west coast, accepted the
unconditional surrender formula of
the United Nations and ran up the
white flag.
The British Eighth Army of Gen.
Sir Bernard L. Montgomery for the
first time in two weeks made "good
progress" yesterday up' the Sicilian
east coast toward Catania and Mt.
Etna, while the - American Seventh
Army of Lt. Gen. Qeorge S. Patton
Jr. driving to a junction with the
British at Messina, pluriged deeper
into the intervening mountains frin-
ging the north coast.
* * *
Bern Dispatch
Hints at Peace
IRA DEMANDS JURY PROBE:
'WiesLetter on Riots Sent to Detroit
An open letter sent to Detroit
newspapers, and telegrams to Pros-
ecuting Attorney William J. Dow-
ling.and Mayor Edward J. Jeffries
of Detroit sent by the Inter-Racial
Association indicate the societies'
attitude 'toward the recent 'race
riots and their subsequent investi-
gations.
The telegram to Mayor Jeff-
ries demands his immediate ac-
tion on the race riots by public
support of a grand jury investi-
gation, stating that the students
of the University resent the
"weak, vacillating nosition" of
the recent race riot" is stated in
the telegram to the Prosecuting
Attorney.
The open letter, written by Mar-
garet Stevens, president of the
Inter-Racial Association, explains
the interest of the students here
in the aftermath of }the riots, say-
ing that "we have watched with
mounting alarm the blundering
attempts of the city officials to
bring coherence out of confusion."
Answering Dowling's Indict-
ment of the N.A.A.C.P., Miss
Stevens writes, "Certainly the
long and nontwnrthv history of
flect a lack of public confidence in
law enforcement agencies," Miss
Stevens declares that by this time
"no thinking person" could have
any confidence in these law en-
forcement agencies after the ev-
ents of the riots.
Overcrowded housing conditions
apd the great influx of Southern
whites into Detroit caused the ri-
ots, Miss Stevens says.
The assertions of Dowling that
the Negro people are responsible
for the race riots is ridiculous,
according to Miss Stevens.
BERN, Switzerland, July 31.-
Strong indications came from Rome
tonight that peace was and is the
real goal of Marshal Pietro Badoglio,
but that presence of German troops
fighting on Italian soil is the main
obstacle.
A statement from the government
clarifying the issue was expected
within the next three days, possibly
within the next 24 hours. Axis diplo-
mats had waited for it last night.
The Neue Zurecher Zeitung;:re-
ported from Chiasso that German re-
inforcements continued to arrive in
northern Italy by the Brenner Pass.
Meanwhile in other major devel-
opments:
Frontier dispatches said German
civiliansliving in Italy had been ad-
vised today by their consuls to go
home immediately.
The Rome radio said Count Gale-
azzo Ciano, son-in-law of Mussolini
had resigned as Italian ambassador
to the Vatican, possibly as a step
peace, and Rome newspapers re-
ported that Ciano and Mussolini were