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VOL. LIII, No. 25-S
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, JULY 31, 1943
U - ~ ~-~~-----------.------------.--------.-------
Hamburg
Burns
After
Continued
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Raids
British
Milan Rioters
Shoot Nazis,
Fascists Alike
Germans Take Over
Fiume, Trieste, Pola;
Fear Balkan Invasion
LONDON, Saturday, July 31.-
(0)-,Clamoring to be sent home,
Italian workers in Germany have
gone on a general strike, the Mos-
cow radio, quoting a dispatch from
Geneva, said today.
Stormy outbreak among the Ital-
ian workers took place in Cologne,
Klagenfurt, Dresden, and Munich,
it was said. The Soviet monitor
here recorded the broadcast.
Cabinet, Military
Await Italian Surrender
Reported Slain
'I
By The Associated Press
LONDON, July 31, Saturday-Brit-
ish cabinet members and heads of
the fighting services have been or-
dered to stand by over the weekend
for war developments apparently in
connection with riot-torn Italy, it
was learned early today.
One London newspaper the Daily
Mirror, carried a banner headline
saying "Italy May Be Out of the War
Tomorrow."
Churchill Calls Counciil
Prime Minister Churchill's official
family was called into a hurried con-
sultation just after midnight yester-
day, generating conjecture that Italy
had approached the Allies with a
white flag.
However it was understood late last
+ night that nothing was known in the
capital of any Italian approach for
an armistice.
(Marshal Badoglio, urging the
peace-hungry Italian people to be
patient, said tonight:
("Italy cannot now get out of the
war honestly and safely without the
exercise of great wisdom and cun-
ning:. This requires time."
(The Marshal's broadcast to the
Italian people was quoted by BBC
whose broadcast was recorded by
,NBC.)
- The Algiers radio, recorded by the
Daily Maill bluntly told Italians:
"The sands are fast running out.
Marshal Badoglio cannot think he
can temporize by delicately balan-
eing between the Allied and the Nazi
war machines. If he forgets his duty
it will be up to the Italian people to
see that those things are done which
their honor and their right to live
demand."
' No. 10 Downing Street kept silent,
except for the bare disclosure that
Churchill summoned the war cabinet
members for one meeting and then
conducted a second session by day.
* * *
As One Superman
To Another, Benny-
LONDON, July 30.-()-The Ber-
lin radio announced today that Adolf
:Hitler had sent Benito Mussolini the
complete works of Nietzsche, specially
printed and with a "cordial dedica-
tion by Hitler" as a 60th birthday
present.
The broadcast, recorded by the As-
sociated Press, said the books were
delivered by Nazi Field Marshal Al-
bert Kesserling. Presumably Musso-
lini was in custody when the present
was delivered.
It was from Nietzsche, German
philosopher who preached the creed
of a super race, that Mussolini bor-
rowed his motto
"Live dangerously."
Russians Seize
T wenty Villages
In Orel Trap
LONDON, July 31, Saturday- (P)
-The Red Army, plunging through
muddy fields and forests, gained six
miles yesterday and captured 20 vil-
lages rimming the Orel death trap
where savagely resisting German
forces have been bolstered by fresh
troops just ferried in by air trans-
port from Germany, it was an-
nnincd early today in Moew.
VIRGINIO GAYDA
.. . former editor of Il Giovnale
D' Italia and long Mussolini's
spokesman, has been reported slain
during "revenge hunts" which
flared in Italy after Mussolini's
downfall. The report was not cori-
firmed and BBC reported that
Gayda and three other Fascist edi-
tors had been arrested by the Ba-
doglio regime and charged with
high treason.
Presidential
Cornmittee
Urges Plan
'Dynamic' Economy
Explained in Report
By Committee of 12
WASHINGTON, July 30.-()-
Government sponsorship of a "dy-
namic" expansionary economy to
prove full employment when peace
comes, coupled with plans for "order-
ly" demobilization of the armed
forces and war industry workers-
but no lump sum bonus-was urged
in a report today by a 12-member
Presidential committee-
FDR told his press-radio confer-
ence that the recommendations fol-
lowed in general his own six-point
program for war veterans contained
in his Wednesday radioaddress.
The committee foresaw possible
temporary unemployment of eight or
nine million persons after demobili-
zation, but said this should not be
accepted as an argument "against
the possibility of attaining a high
level of employment under long-term
stabilization plans."
Briefly, it recommended for mem-
bers of armed services three months'
furlough or mustering-out pay or
not more than $100 a month, unem-
ployment insurance benefits for 26
weeks for those not working inside of
three months, readjustment counsel
to help find new jobs, free tuition
and allowances for education and
'training, old-age insurance benefit
credits for time spent in uniform,
and opportunities for agricultural
employment and purchase of farms.
Evidently opposed to a bonus such
as that voted veterans of World War
I, the committee said the furlough or
mustering-out pay-to visit home, to
sustain the men while seeking a job
or more education, and to acquire
civilian clothes-are explicity made
in lieu of any other grants for such
purposes to avoid making large pay-
ments at any one time.
U.S. Troops
Close on Munda
Menace Jap Airdrome
As Counterattack Fails
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, July
31, Saturday.-WP)-Aided by tanks
and flame throwers, American troops
yesterday pressed closer to the vital
Japanese airdrome at Munda, New
Georgia, after hurling back a coun-
terattack by the hard-pressed de-
fenders.
It was the first time the use of
fin +f..hn.arc i-n +tin srn. hadna kan
V-12 May Get
Commissions
WASHINGTON, July 30.-()-
Apprentice seamen studying under
the Navy's student training pro-
gram (V-12) may apply for Naval
Reserve Officers' Training Corps
Training which will qualify them
for commissions, the Navy an-
nounced today.
At present the only training lead-
ing to commissions in the regular
Navy is that offered by the Naval
ROTC and at the U.S. Naval
Academy.
FDR Asks
No Asylum
To Dictators
Roosevelt Calls on All
Neutral Nations for
Comiplete Cooperation
LONDON, Saturday, July 31.-
(IP) - The Russian government
backed up President'Roosevelt to-
day in wairning neutrals not to give
asylum to "Mussolini, prominent
Fascists or other war criminals" in
notes being presented to Turkey
and Sweden.
WASHINGTON, July 30.- ()--
President Roosevelt, with the back-
ing of Britain and Russia, today
called on the neutral nations of the
world to grant no asylum to Hitler,
Mussolini, Tojo or any other "war
criminals" who may seek "to escape
their just deserts."
The President's request was made
in the form of a statement issued at
a news conference. In London, the
British Government promptly asso-
ciated itself with the President's
views, and it was stated officially in
that capital that Soviet Russia also
approved.
Mr. Roosevelt served notice on the
neutrals that granting refuge to
"Axis leaders or their tools" would
be considered "inconsistent with the
principles for which the United Na-
tions are fighting." Thus he reaf-
firmed Allied intentions to bring the
"war criminals" to trial.
Discussing the Italian situation,
Mr. Roosevelt said he does not care
with whom the government deals in
that country as long as it is not a
definite member of the Fascist Party.
When the time arrives, he made
plain, the government is willing to
treat with a king, prime minister or
even a mayor. 9
Asked whether Marshal Badoglio
could be considered a Fasuist, the
President said he was not dealing
with personalities.
Two things are needed when a
victorious army enters a country, he
said. First, an end of armed oppo-
sition, and second, an avoidance of
anarchy because a lot of .troops are
needed to deal with anarchy.
Mr. Roosevelt also made public
some details of the help being given
the population in Sicily, including
food, medical supplies and oil. Dis-
cussing the food situation on the
Italian peninsula, he pointedly ex-
pressed hope that this year the peo-
ple will be able to keep the crops
they harvest, and not be forced to
turn them over to the Germans.
Discussing the question of asylum
for Axis leaders, an authority on
international law said it was discre-
tionary with a country whether it
gave refuge to a fugitive. He re-
called that in the last war Kaiser
Wilhelm II of Germany took refuge
in Holland, that the Versailles Trea-
ty called on the Netherlands govern-
ment to deliver him for trial and
that Holland refused.
Lady Astor Is
Ration Violator
LONDON; July 30.-(RP)-Lady As-
tor, a familiar figure in the House
of Commons but not in police court,
paid $240 in fine and costs in her
first appearance in famed Bow Street
tnda. nn a chareo nf vioatin- ra-
Montgomery Looks Over His
Captive
Italian Generals
Gen. Sir Bernard Law Montgomery (right), commander of the British Eighth Army, is shown talking
with two unidentified Italian generals after their sur render in Sicily. The conqueror of the desert took
on the toughest part of the defense in Sicily and is driving ahead just as he did in Africa where he cap-
tured several Italian generals.
UNTIL MIGHT ISN'T RIGHT:
We Must Fight Japanese,
Tsang States in Discussion
"We must fight and fight and
fight the Japanese-until people no
longer believe that might is right,"
C. M. Tsang, Grad., emphatically de-
clared yesterday in a panel discus-
sion on "China as Interpreted by the
Chinese."
Tracing relations between China
and Japan from the 1890's, Mr.
Tsang, who had studied in Japan for
three years, pointed out that through
the years there have been two defi-
nite periods-the borrowing period
and the returning period.
Japan at first borrowed everything
from China, from her culture and
learning to her industry, he said.
But when we entered the returning
period, Japan returned all she had
borrowed with a savageness unprece-
dented in history. "In just the same
way she returned your aid in the
Tokyo earthquake, and your trade
of scrap metal and the steel with
Pearl Harbor," Mr. Tsang said.
"However, we must not enslave the
Japanese people. We must instead
free them from their war lords; we
must change their education, we
must disarm them completely, and
mete out a severe punishment to
the Japanese military leaders," he
said.
"If we let them know that they are
not little sons of heaven, and that we
intend to live friendship with all na-
tions of the world, we shall be ac-
complishing a good deal in their re-
education," Mr. Tsang concluded.
Gerald Tien, a staff member of the
Oriental Department, who was
chairman of the panel said, "We do
not believe that our people will relish
2 Privates Flee
From Custer
Police Capture after
Twenty Hour Search
FORT CUSTER, July 30.- (A)-
Two Army privates who fled yester-
day from the Sixth Service Com-
mand Rehabilitation Center here
have been apprehended, military au-
thorities announced at 2:30 p.m. to-
day.
The men had fled after overpower-
ing two guards and escaping with
shotguns and a staff car. Fifty State
Police officers and 170 members of
a military police escort guard com-
nnrv in A en thinmano r mo +efan
Asia for the Asiatics; we know that
peace is indivisible, and isolation is
impossible."
P. C. Hu, a member of the engin-
eering school staff, in commenting
on Chinese history, pointed out that
the present conflict between China
and Japan was not, started by the
government, but by Japan, and it
was the Chinese people who urged
retaliation on Japan, and not the
government. "That is why we have
been able to endure so much," he-
said.
Miss C. I. Kao, a Barbour scholar,
discussed the women's role in China,
and Uho Tsao, chairman of the Chi-
nese Student Club, commented on
China's industrial development.
$75,321.75 in
Gifts Accepted
By University
The Board of. Regents met yester-
day to accept gifts of $75,321.75,
make 14 appointments, grant 14
leaves of absence, extend other leaves
and to set up a new fund.
The largest of 29 gifts was $25,860,
received from the National Founda-
tion for Infantile Paralysis, Inc., for
the payment of virology laboratory
salaries. Another gift from the
foundation for laboratory expense
totaled $14,140.
A gift of $7,500 from the Rocke-
feller Foundation to be used by the
public health school for teaching
public health and medical econom-
ics was accepted. A pediatrics re-
search fund under direction of Dr.
Charles McKhann will be established
with $4,000 granted by M. and R.
Dietetics Laboratory.
Prof. Frederick R. Blicke will con-
duct research in pharmaceutical
chemistry with $3,600 donated by
William S. Merrell Co. Dr. Theo-
dora Nelson gave an automobile to
the Biological Station.
Other gifts were made to various
funds and research projects and
were of smaller amounts.
The following appointments were
announced :
Dr. Frederick E. Shideman, in-
structor in pharmacology in medical
Turn to Page 4, Col. 4
Oxford Professor To
Sm ml 1r, U i mu I
3White Youths
Confess Part in
Recent Riots
Detroit Negro Killed
In Unprovoked Attack
By Vicious Hoodlums
DETROIT, July 30.- (P)-Prose-
cutor William E. Dowling said today
that three white youths, two of them
teen-aged, had confessed to the mur-
der of a 58-year-old Negro during
the Detroit race riots June 21.
Dowling said the youths told him
a "story of cold-blooded murder" in
the death of Moses Kiska, shot down
during the evening of June 21 as he
waited for a street car at Mack and
Chene.
The confessions of Aldo Trani, 16,
Armendo Mastantuono, 20, and An-
thony Saraceno, 18. solved the slay-
ing of Kiska, Dowling said. A fourth
youth is being questioned in connec-
tion with the slaying, which was one
of 13 deaths listed as unsolved dur-
ing the riots.
Formal Charges Withheld
Formal charges were withheld,
Dowling said, until questioning of
the fourth youth is completed.
Dowling also said that police are
holding Leo Tipton, Negro whom =the
prosecutor described as a "key fig-'
ure" in the riots. According to Dow-
ling, Tipton seized a loudspeaker
microphone at a gathering of 500
Negroes in a social club late the eve-
ning of Ju~ne 20 and shouted, "Every-
body come on, there is a riot at Belle
Isle and they have killed a colored
lady and her baby."
Police have said that spread of
this rumor through the Negro district
was largely responsible for swelling
the riot to serious proportions.
Dowling Tells Men's Story
Dowling said Trani and 'Mastan-
tuono told him the following story of
the Kiska slaying:
"Trani and Mastantuono were out
driving and stopped at one of their
favorite hangouts, a pool room at
Superior and Moran. They saw the
two other youths, whom they said
they knew as 'Bob' a'nd 'Blackie.'
The four of them got into the car
and decided to 'go and get us some
niggers.'
"Mastantuono had a rifle. At
Mack and Chene they saw Kiska
waiting in the street car zone. Trani
Turn to Page 3, Col. 5
Legality of Guerrilla
Groups Denied
ST.N.nTCr Tiilx rn - o\r> ..a f
Nazi Plane
Factory Is
Bombarded
American Fortresses -
Add Explosive Epilogue
To Week of Invasion
By The Associated Press
LONDON, July 30.-Flying For-
tresses in strong force battered a.
German plane factory at Kassel to-.
day while lesser American and Allied"
planes swept northern France and
the Low Countries in force in an ex-
plosive epilogue to a 2,300-ton bomb-
ing of burning Hamburg in its sev-
enth attack in a week.
The Fortresses shot down 27 of the
52 or more German fighters destroy,
ed in the daylight sweeps, among the
heaviest of the Allied aerial offen-.
sive. Eleven Fortresses, one medium
bomber, three light bombers and se'
en fighters were lost in a 61-22 vie-
tory score.
Bombers Head Back Again
Massive formations of Allied bomb'..
ers headed for the continent again
late tonight, after the day-raiditnr.
Americans returned, in this unprec
edented hammering of Germany. --
The Hamburg raid was "in very
great strength" and was part of a
sustained Allied effort to blot Ger-
many's second city off the map with
its great submarine works and other
war plants. It was the third raid in
the series of seven in which 2,300
long tons of explosives had plum
meted on the city. of 1,600000 and
the blockbusters were showering
'down at the rate of 50 tons a minute
for three quarters of an hour.
Fortress crews at a U. S. bomber
station in England said Nazi fight-
er opposition was slackening steadi-
ly Testation's unmanding officer
estimated that in the current aerial
offensive Fortresses alone have
knocked out plants producing be-
tween 50 and 75 per cent of the Nazis'
vaunted Focke Wulf 190 fighters. He
said "we have demonstrated this
week we can go anywhere we want to
go in Germany."
"Never before in the history of war-
fare has an attack of such weight
and persistence been made against
a single industrial target," the Air
Ministry news service said. "No
other target in Germany has had
more than a 2,000-ton attack."
Fires Burn Six Days
Fires have been licking at Ham-
burg's widening wounds without halt
for six days and nights.
U. S. medium bombers raided ene-
my airfields at Woendsdrecht in Hol-
land, destroying six enemy planes.
They were covered by British and
Dominion Spitfires. RAF Boston
bombers, escorted by Spitfires and
Typhoons, attacked the Schipol Air-
field at Amsterdam, destroying three
Nazi craft. The British also pounded
the Courtrai and Coxyde fields in
Belgium.
An idea of the scale of the day-
light raids was suggested in an Air
Ministry statement that 500 British
fighters alone participated.
Kassel Raid Is Sixth U.S. Raid
The U. S. raid' on Kassel was the
sixth American assault on Germans'
in seven days and brought to 10 the
total made by U. S. big bombers this
month.
An American-British communique
said it was highly successful. Heavy
concentrations of bombs were seen
exploding all over the huge Fieseler
Aircraft plant at Kassel, said to turn
out 500 engines monthly for Messer-
schmitts and Focke Wulf fighters
and other vital plane parts. Crews
said smoke billowed up from the
area as high as 10,000 feet.
Hookup Sells
For 8 Million
NEW YORK, July 30.- ()- The
Blue Network Company, Inc., first
coast to coast hookup in the history
of radio to be offered to the highest
bidder, was purchased for $8,000,000
cash late today by Edward J. Noble,
business man and owner of a New
York local station, from the Radio
Corporation of America.
A brief statement from RCA said:
li oTil Q v-* - - 3- . - -