PAGE FOUR
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
SATURAY, JULY 27, 1935
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Election Costs
Widely Varying,
Pollock Learns
Expense Ranges From 32
Cents To 92 Cents Per
Voter, Professor Says
20 Counties Report
Population And Location
Of County No Factor;
Politics Responsible,
An "astonishing" variation in the
county cost per registered voter for
conducting elections, differing from
32. cents to 92 cents, is shown by a
survey recently completed by Prof.
James K. Pollock of the political sci-
ence depafrtment. Sixy-nine per
cent of the state population resides
in the 20 counties reporting.
The outstanding feature of Profes-
sor Pollock's, study, conducted with
the cooperation of the Secretary of
State and county officers, is the fact
that election cost per voter shows no
connection with the location or pop-
ulation of the various counties. Nor
does the rural, urban, industrial, ag-
ricultural or mining character of the
county seem to influence varying
costs in any explainable way. The
average cost for the 20 counties is
62 cents for each voter.
Here's Difference
Here is how the cost per registered
voter differs in the two extremes of
the scale. Roscommon, 1,745 voters,
cost, 92 cents; Wayne, 639,281 voters,
cost 83 cents; Lenawee, 27,183 voters,
cost, 32 cents; Genesee, 78,431 voters,
cost, ,8 cents. Hillsdale and Calhoun
counties share the 32 cent rate with
Lenawee, despite a voter difference of
15,879 and 39,818 respectively.
Other figures show that Kent, with
103,159 voters, has a cost of 39 cents,
only one cent above Genesee. Again,
Muskegon and Monroe compare close-
ly in voter strength, 29,340 and 25,-
067, but the costs are 72 cents for
the former and 41 for the latter. Lake,
a near neighbor of Roscommon and
with only a few more voters, 2,700,
has a cost of 62.cents.
Units Closely Grouped
The three Upper Peninsula counties
reported are Houghton, 20,640 voters,
cost 46 cents; Delta, 14,653 voters,
cost 46 cents; and Marquette 24,234
voters, cost 54 cents. All of these
units are quite closely grouped as to
geography and cost. The costs in this
group, however, are also close to
the adjacent counties of Washtenaw,'
Jackson, and Oakland in the south-
ern part of the state, with costs of
51, 59, and 40 cents respectively.
"Basically the reason for high costs
is that the administration of elections
is in political hands. Election ma-
chinery is used to pay political debts,
to increase the power of patronage,
and even to serve an eleemosynary
purpose," Professor Pollock states in
commenting on the survey. "The fig-
ures also give force to the argument
for a shorter ballot and fewer elec-
tions.. As it is now, the voter gets
it coming and going. He not only has
to pay an excessive cost for his elec-
tions, but he has them too often and
with too many complications."
'Bride' Quits Twice,
So Squire Gives Up
LENOIR, N. C., July 26. - () -
Squire G. R. McLean just can't make
out these young folks. A couple
handed him $4 for a marriage license,
and sought a preacher. Finding none,
they returned and asked him to marry
therm.
Squire McLean went to get three
witnesses as required by law. When
he returned, the "bride" was gone.
She said she couldn't go through with
it. The witnesses were released, and
the squire started home.
He was overtaken by the couple
who had "fixed everything up." But
the "bride" backed out again. Squire
McLean, already late for supper, took
her word as being final. He learned
the next day, however, that the couple
finally got married in a rural com-
munity later in the evening.
Vassar College (Poughkeepsie, N.Y.)
is considered to be the most expensive
of the women's colleges in the United
States. It costs approximately $1,350
to cover the yearly expenses of each
student.
--Associated Press Photo.
Unlike Gertrude Stein, to whom "a rose is a rose," the Rev. George
Schoener, Santa Barbara's "Padre of the Roses," finds countless varia-
tions in this flower. He has developed, among others, a black rose, a
thornless rose, a rose with fragrant foliage, an edible rose apple and
a 36-foot rose tree.
* * * * * *
Edible Rose Apples, Thornless
Roses Grown By Elderly Priest
'Padre Of The Roses' Disagrees With Stein
Japan Ponders
5-Year Building
Of War Machine
$261,000,000 Would Be
Expended If War Office
Program Goes Through
TOKIO, July 26. - (P) - The war
office proposed a broad five-year plan
today for modernization, improve-
ment and expansion of Japanese land
and air armaments.
The program, requiring expendi-
tures of 900,000,000 yen (about $261,-
000,000), was drafted by the general
staff of the war office for submission
to the cabinet and inclusion in the
budget. The money is in addition to
regular military appropriations.
War office authorities, disclosing
the project pointed out that it was
"essential" to modernize equipment
and increase the air force, which they
contended was inferior to those of
other major powers.
Fear Air Attack
Although they considered Japan
extremely vulnerable to an air attack,
officials said the limitations on Jap-
an's industrial capacity made it nec-
essary that the program be concen-
trated on land equipment for the first
two years. Air force improvements
would occupy the last three years.
It was the first time since the Man-
choukuan campaign that the army
had disclosed its program for long-
time expenditures.
Officers had asserted previously
that the situation forced daily alter-
ation of plans. The situation in the
Far East was believed to be sufficient-
ly stabilized now, however, to permit
formulation of the national defense
plan for presentation to the finance
ministry, the cabinet and the public.
The army project coincided with
plans of the communications ministry
to request an appropriation of at
least 13,000,000 yen (about $3,770,000)
for development of civilian aviatiori.
The communications ministry pro-
gram provided for expansion of do-
mestic air lines, establishment of air
service to Singapore, subsidies for
local air lines and creation of an avia-
tion laboratory.
Army Program
The army program fell into three
parts:
An appropriation of 500,000,000 yen
was designed chiefly for improvement
and increase in military aviation, in
addition to the 200,000,000 yen al-
ready authorized.
An appropriation of 200,000,000 yen
was considered for Japan proper and
Korea, for improvement of infantry,
anti-tank and anti-air equipment, an
increase in automatic firearms, mod-
ernization of field guns, improvements
in heavy artillery and an increase in
motor transports.
South Dakotans Shun Work, So Relief Is Halted
-Associated Press Photo.
A drastic order halted work relief in Hughes County, S. D., when
clients refused to accept private employment in harvest fields, despite
a shortage of harvest hands. M. A. Kennedy, South Dakota relief ad-
ministrator, is shown putting up the "closed" sign at the Pierre office.
One Reported Missing After
Motion Picture Barge Sinks
SANTA BARBARA, Calif., July 26.
- (P) - Rose "trees" which grow 36
feet high, edible rose apples of ex-
otic flavor and thornless roses are
among the new flower and fruit de-
velopments of a 70-year-old Catholic
priest who is called "the padre of
the roses."
Living quietly in a modest home
here, the Rev. George M. A. Schoener,
Ph.D., ranks with outstanding con-
temporary botanists.
Black and Blue Roses
The padre's accomplishments in-
clude development of: a rose that ap-
pears almost black; a strain of roses
that, in a few generations, he be-
lieves, will be a rich sky blue; a rose
foliage as fragrant as the flower; a
giant rose measuring eight inches
across the bloom.
As an art student in Swiss and Ger-
man universities 50 years ago, the
padre studied analytic botany, plant
genetics and similar subjects. He took
up theology and entered church ser-
vice, but his duties as a priest broke
his health after coming to America.
Advised to seek outdoor work, he ac-
cepted a post as administrator of an
Indian mission at Brooks, Ore. Lux-
uriant blooms in his parish there
started: him on his career as a plant
expert.
There he accomplished after many
failures the cross-fertilization of wild
and cultivated roses.
Trough aid from the Royal Botanic
garden and army officers in India he
Brothers Rig Up
$50 Power Plant
To Electrify Farm
NEWTON, S. C., July 26.--(A) -
Charles and Gordon Weaver have
electrified their farm and home with
a small water power plant of their
own construction. The total cost of
setting up the plant and wiring the
house came to less than $50.
Obtaining most of the parts sec-
ond-hand, they set up a small gen-
erator driven by an eight-foot water
wheel. They dammed a stream on
the farm and dug a ditch 200 yards
long to convey the water from the
pond, around a hill, to the water
wheel.
By means of pulleys and wires run-
ning from the house to the water
gate, the Weaver brothers are able to
regulate the flow of water over the
wheel without leaving their home.
The generator furnishes power to
light the house and barn, and to op-
erate a number of small motors and
electrical appliances in the home and
on the farmstead.
A centrifugal pump which can be
connected directly to the water wheel
supplies water under pressure for
washing their cars and similar pur-
poses.
obtained seedlings to develop an ev-I
ergreen rose comparable to the fnerj
garden species. Today he has plantsl
which not only bloom continuously in
new colors, but which produce shoots
which in a single year measure nearly1
two inches in diameter at the base
and 36 feet high.
Among the Indian roses- was the
species Macrocarpa, which produces
an edible fruit, large as a small ap-
ple - smooth, yellow and sweetly
scented. These he crossed with the
Rugosa Thungerg, another fruitbear-
ing rose, and with the Spitzenburg
apple rose, and produced an even
larger fruit. He has made these into
jelly, which retains a spicy rose flavor.
After a fire which destroyed his
home and garden, the padre came
here from Oregon. Friends who had
followed his work made up a fund to
help him establish himself here.
Peas With Edible Pods
His garden here contains a "rose
avenue," 225 feet long, lined with
giant rose trees.
He also has perfected a mammoth
sugar pea with an edible pod, meas-
uring seven by one and one half
inches.
The achievements of the padre
have won recognition for him from
the International Congress of Horti-
culture and other learned bodies.
Memorial Statue Shows
Man Entering Own Tomb
CUTTINGSVILLE, Vt., July 26. -
(A') - A strange mausoleum, with a
life-sized statue of the wealthy New
Yorker who built it facing the door,
stands in a cemetery here.
The builder was the late John P.
Bowman, who was born in Clarendon,
Vt. Bowman, his wife and their two
children were buried here.
The tomb was built of marble and
granite in 1880-1881.
The statue of Bowman was sculp-
tored in New York by Tutini and
shows him ascending steps at the door
with a key to the memorial in his
right hand. On his left arm he car-
ries his ulster and a high hat.
CLYDE PLANS FOR FAR FUTURE
GLASGOW, July. 26. - (A) - The
Clyde Navigation Trust, which ad-
ministers the shipping business in this
Scottish port, has approved a dock
development planned to meet the
trust's needs for the next 50 years at
an eventual cost of $35,000,000. More
than four miles of additional wharf-
age will be provided.
Mining Boom Predicted
CAPETOWN --(P) - Within six
years 14 new mines capitalized for
$115,000,000 will be producing gold
in South Africa and employing about
1,000 white men each, was the pre-
diction of Patrick Duncan, minister
of mines, in a speech in parliament.
HOLLYWOOD, Calif., July 26.-(')
- One man was reported missing and
several hurt today after a barge
fashioned to represent the historic
square-rigger "Bounty," sank during
the filming of a motion picture near
San Miguel island, 35 miles off Santa
Barbara, Calif.
The missing man was believed to
be Glen Strong, assistant movie cam-
eraman, who was one of a technical
crew "shooting" scenes for the pro-
duction, "Mutiny on the Bounty."
Artists in the picture including the
three male stars, Clark Gable, Charles
Laughton and Franchot Tone, were
not with the location outfit.
The United States coast guard cut-
ter Hermes was dispatched from its
San Pedro base early today to aid
the crew, and the salvage tug Re-
triever, used as a camera boat, was
standing by the submerged barge.
First word of the accid.ent was sent
to the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio
here by short wave radio used. De-
tails of the mishap were meager.
The scene was supposed to show
the sinking of the picturesque Boun-
ty. It was believed the pump used to
pour water into the barge failed to
function properly, causing it to really
sink. The location chosen for the
particular "shot" is among the jag-
ged rocks and treacherous reefs in
what is known as Cuyler's harbor.
Welter Strohm, production manag-
er of the "Bounty" company, sta-
tioned in Santa Barbara, said the
assistant cameraman was the only
man missing.
The barge is owned by the Wrigley
interests, and was chartered by the
studio for the film.
Studio technicians explained that
a replica of the Bounty, designed to
show it as it appeared after it had
been wrecked, was built on the barge.
The latter craft was being lowered to
show the supposed wrecked vessel half
submerged. Background "shots"
were being made when the accident
occurred.
Stahlhelm Is
Dissolved In
Reich Order
Is Current With Extension
Of The Nazi Three-Sided
'Cleansing Act'
BERLIN, July 26. - () - Dissolu-
tion of the entire East Prussian Stahl-
helm (Steel Helmet) veterans or-
ganization was announced today by
Gov. Erich Koch.
The stern action against the veter-
ans organization - Germany's equiv-
alent to the American Legion - was
taken under the Feb. 28, 1933, law
for the protection of the people and
the state.
It accompanied a broadening of
the Nazi threesided "cleansing act"
against Semitism, "political Catholic-
ism," and "reactionary" veterans.
A new Nazi departmental dictator,
Hans Hinkel, assumed power with
the specific duty of eliminating Jew-
ish influences from art. The anti-
semitic boycott was tightened
throughout the Reich and renewed
moves were made to isolate Jews.
All East Prussian Steel Helmet un-
its and all subdivisions were affected
by the dissolution order. All property
of the organization was to be con-
fiscated.
Koch's order quoted a Steel Hel-
meter as saying Franz Seldte, leader
of the Stahlelm and minister of labor
was "a traitor," and that he once
ordered mourning crepe removed
from flags during an anti-Versailles
demonstration, contrary to the orders
of East Prussian Steel Helmet lead-
ers.
It was learned today that no Jews
will represent Germany in the 1936
Olympics because of what the Jews
call discrimination against them by
Nazi sports leaders and what the
Nazis call the incompetence of Jewish
athletes.
A Nazi official, referring to elimi-
nation contests, said: "Of course Jews
competed in the first test, but none
survived."
The Jews were said to be consider-
ing the complete dissolution of the
Jewish Sports club, their leading ath-
letic organization, with a membership
of 800 athletes.
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