Voelker, Carr Address First
Education Conference Session;
Dean Edmonson Gives Report
(Continued from Page 1)
education to readjust itself in pro-
viding avocational avenues as well as
vocational ones," Dr. Voelker said.
Social Adjustment Discussed
In the field of social adjsutment,
Dr. Voelker said that the population
of our country will doubtless double
within the next 100 years. "Will this
mean more crime, a larger percent-
age of insanity, greater dishonesty,
more racketeering, increased greed
and selfishness, or will people learn
how to live together?" he asked.
"Shall we secure fairer methods of
taxation, greater justice of the com-
mon man? Will the new deal come?
Are we heading for the kingdom of
heaven on earth? To what extent
will education be able to bring it on?
Education of the future will give
greater attention to socialization of
the individual -to his preparation
for citizenship - to his Christianiza-
tion in the best sense of the word,"
was his contention.
Conference Head
Under the heading of the co-ordi-
nation of educational leadership, Dr.
Voelker said the standard prepara-
tion of education will remain impos-
sible as long as there is lack of edu-
cation co-ordination and that there
are districts where all children have
full educational privileges.
"A few miles from these, there are
children who have almost. no educa-
tional privileges or advantages. These
differences are due partly to the dif-
ferences in wealth, partly to a divid-
ed authority, partly to the difference
in local standards. These extreme
variations of facilities provide one of
our greatest problems. As a solution
of this problem, the county unit plan
-may aid in the solution.
"County boards which elect the
county commissioner or superinten-
dent and in turn which are elected
by representatives from local school
districts in Michigan,instead of 5,000
or 6,000.
"Our State unit should be more
closely formed. There should be one
State Board of Education instead of
several. The Board of Regents of the
University, the Board of Agricultural
Education, the State Board of Edu-
cation, the Board for the Control of
Vocational Education, should all be
united in one Board of Education.
"Under such an arrangement the
state superintendent will be elected
by the Board. The University, the
normal schools, the public schools,
.would all be under the supervision
and management of this board.
"There would be no rivalry be-
tween State schools. Greater use
could be made of private schools and
colleges. Duplication would be elini-
inated. Waste and extravagance
would be lessened. There would be
a greater tendency to give every
child equivalent advantages," he con-
luded.;
Guidance Problem Complex
The problem of guidance is becom-
ing more and more complex, Dr.
Voelker said. "Guidance will become
increasingly necessary. Youth with
its -problems of living, of finding a
vocation, of choosing an avocation,
of discovering the right mate - this
election of a course of preparation
for life requires wisdom of the high-
est order.
"Deans, advisers, trained psychol-
ogists and psychiatrists, and men and
women who can motivate youth will
become increasingly important in our
educational system."
In discussing the ,relating of our
activities to the needs of the com-
munity, Dr. Voelker said there is no
advantage in merely having a school.
"The school of the future will be
planned to meet certain needs, to
solve certain problems and to per-
form certain functions," he pointed
out. "One of the best examples of
such service is found in the farmers
of America, in the present movement
toward adult education, in the closer
afiliation between modern industry
and the trade schools. Our schools
of the future Will be closer to the
needs of the community and perhaps
less formal than the institutions of
today, he said.
Teacher Supply Too Great
Regarding his last topic, teacher
training, Dr. Voelker said we are to-
day certificating 7,000 teachers an-
nually, and we need only about half
that number. "It is estimated that
15,000 teachers are out of employ-
ment in Michigan today," he said.
Almost every higher institution of
learning is providing courses of
teacher training -50 county nor-
mals, four state normals, our Univer-
sity and. Agricultural College, and
all private colleges were named as
attempting to do teacher training.
"It is evident that the county nor-
nrals will need to be eliminated. Per-
haps our State normals will be called
upon to render more highly special-
ized service. One of them, for ex-
ample, would give its sole 'attention
to the training of rural teachers, an-.
other might specialize in training
high school teachers. It may be that
one or two of our normals might be
turned into State junior colleges and
serve as feeders to the State Uni-
versity," Dr. Voelker continued.
"Our teaching population As in-
creased* 121 percent over that of
Prof. C. O. Davis of the education
school was the chairman of the con-
ference on readjustments in public
education, yesterday. The general
topic of discussion was "Some Im-
pending Readjustments in Public Esl-
ucation."
supply of teachers, several sugges-
tions were made that Dr. Voelker has
received. They are:
(1) To step up the requirements
for teachers' certificates to two or
more years.
l2) Not to accept any courses tak-
en by extension or correspondence
for certification after this year.
(3) To limit the number of indi-
viduals who may pursue a two-year
course for rural teaching and to limit
the number who may pursue the pro-
fessionalcourses after completing the
junior college work.
(4) To require all institutions that
request certification to meet the
theory and practice work in educa-
tion that is required of the state
teachers colleges.
(4) To place all teachers colleges
on an educational parity with junior
colleges.
Dean Edmonson Speaks
Next on-the speaking list was Dean
James B. -Edmonson of the School
of Education.. His topic was "Some
Plans of the National Commission
On the Emergency in Education."
"One answer of the teaching pro-
fession to the need for leadership in
the present crisis in education was
the appointment in February, 1933,
of the joint commission on the emer-
gency in education," he opened. This
commission consists of seven mem-
bers and is authorized to act for the
National Education Association and
the Department of Superintendence.
Dean Edmonson explained its pri-
mary function as being to serve as
a center around which every organi-
zation interested in protecting the
educational interests of American
children may rally and contribute to
a unified program of defense.
-"The commission does not propose
to set up any new organization or
machinery," he said. "It has, how-
ever, enlisted the active support of a
group of consultants representing
state and national organizations.
There are now more than 475 of
these consultants, and the joint com-
mission has already held five con-
ferences with consultants.
"Four of these have been regional
conferences and have been held in
Kansas City, Chicago, Atlanta, and
Cincinnati. A national conference of
the commission was sponsored by the
joint commission at the recent Chi-
cago conference of the National Edu-
cation Association.
"In these meetings with consultants
plans and policies of the joint com-
mission have been discussed and sug-
gestions invited," he said. "In its
work of the defense of schools the
'joint commission will attempt a
rather ambitious program. A state-
ment of the purposes of the joint
commission will suggest the range of
its possible activities." These pur-
poses may be summarized as follows:
Commission's Purposes
(1) To collect information regard-
ing the effects of the present eco-
nomic situation on the educational
program of the nation and of the
states.
(2) To make this information
available to everyone.
(3) To increase the appreciation
of the, public for the work of the
schools.
(4) To acquaint the public with
the loss to childhood which results
from unwise cuts in school services.
(5) To suggest constructive meas-
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ures of economay and of educational
support.
(6) To co-operate with individuals
and local groups in the solution of
pressing educational problems.
(7) To survey the attitudes of lay
agencies toward public education.
(8) To stimulate every agency
which can make a contribution to
education in this emergency.
(9) To co-ordinate and unify the
efforts of agencies already at work
so that miaximum results may be ob-
tained.
(10) To rally the friends of educa-
tion to the support of education.
In its effort to carry out some of
the foregoing purposes, the following
methods which Dean Edmonson
named have been employed:
Emergency reports are being issued
at frequent intervals to the educa-
tional press and to others in position
to influence public opinion.
Leaflets setting forth essential facts
about the schools have been pre-
pared for general distribution.
.Radio addresses on coast-to-coast
programs are taking the case for the
schools to the American people.
Speakers have carried the message
to conventions, commencements, and
public meetings of many sorts.
Exhibits displaying effective meth-
ods of meeting the crisis have been
prepared for use at conventions and
regional conferences.
Local discussion groups to consider
educational problems and policies are
in process of organization.
Newspapers and magazines are
carrying to their readers the facts
assembled by the commission.
American education week is to be
used as never before to focus the at-
tention of the public on the needs
and opportunities of the schools.
Continuing, Dean Edmonson said,
"the joint commission has received
more than 50 specific suggestions
from its meetings with consultants
relative to worthwhile activities that
might be sponsored by the commis-
sion.
"Many of these relate to the con-
tributions that are being made by
individual teachers in this crisis. On
the basis of the numerous suggestions
I prepared a check list of items to
be used in answering the question,
"What Can Teachers Do In This
Emergency?" The list is designed to
emphasize the importance of the
cont'ribution of the individual teach-
er and the potential value of work of'
local groups of our profession.'
~Carr on National Viewpoint
The last speaker, Dr. William G.
Carr, director of research of the Na-
tional Education Association, discus-
sed "From the National Point ofI
View," some impending readjust-
ments in public'education, following
up the general theme that was dis-
cussed from the State's angle by Dr.
Voelker.1
Opening, he said, "Educational
readjustments in which the Federal
Government is concerned seem to
center about the following issues:
"First, the relation of the Federal
government to the financing of edu-
cation. Although many attempts
have been made in Congress to se-
cure appropriations to assist states
in maintaining schools, these efforts
have met with little success.
"It is true that there are Federal
subsidies for certain special educa-
tional enterprises such as agricultur-
al experiment stations, land-grant
colleges, and certain types of voca-
tional education. On the whole, how-
ever, there appears to be little like-
lihood of substantial Federal aid for
the current operation of the schools
within the next few years.
_ "Second, the relation of the Re-'
construction Finance Corporation to
the schools. It is clear that the Cor-
poration cannot lend money direct
to school districts under the present
terms of the act.
"Attempts to amend the act to per-1
mit such loans have been made in
both the Seventy-second and Seven-
ty-third Congresses. Hearings have
been held on these amendments but
they have not been reported out of
committee.
"In any event, the funds provided
through the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation would be in the nature
of a loan and not a subsidy.
"Third, the organization of educa-
tional services within the Federal
Government has been a subject of
continuous study and controversy for
many years.
"Under President Hoover a Na-
tional Advisory Committee on Edu-
cation recommended the establish-
ment of a Department of Education
with a secretary in the Cabinet of
the President of the United States.
"Bills to provide for such an ex-
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Post Climbing Out Of Plane After Solo Flight Around Globe
-Associated Press Photo
Here is the finish of Wiley Post's whirlwind solo flight around the world. Surrounded by cheer-
ing thousands, he is shown climbing out of the cockpit of his purple trimmed monoplane at Floyd Ben,.
nett Field, New York, after shattering by more than 21 hours the time he and Harold Gatty established
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tension of the Cabinet have frequent-
ly been introduced but thus far with-
out success. The recent reorganiza-
tion of the Federal Government,
however, under the broad authority
granted President Roosevelt, will ap-
parently make a step in the direction
of a Department of Education.
"The Federal Board for Vocational
Education has been abolished and
its functions transferred to the De-
partment of the Interior. This De-
partment already includes the United
States Office of Education.
"It would be logical to suppose
that the work of general education
and of Vocational education might
be combined under an Assistant Sec-
retary for Education, bringing to-
gether under the assistant secretary
also some of the educational func-
tions now handled by the United
States Children's Bureau, the United
States Public Health Service, and the
Department of Agriculture.
"Fourth, of greatest immediate in-
terest is the effect of the National
Industrial Recovery Act upon the
schools.
"This Act will probably affect edu-
cation in at least three ways:
1. "Under the Public Works Sec-
tion of the Act, provision is made
whereby Federal money may be
granted outright to public school dis-
tricts for the construction of school
buildings, provided, however, that
such construction is approved by
the Federal administrator and that
the sum required from the Federal
Government does not exceed 30 per
cent of the cost of labor and ma-
terials.
2. "The business. of equipping the
public schools of the nation, includ-i
ing the colleges and universities,
with textbooks, furniture and other
supplies, is much larger than most
people realize.
"It is reasonable to expect that
dealers and manufacturers of school
supplies will take advantage of the
provisions for trade associations in
the Recovery Act and will band
themselves together for mutual pro-
tection and for the 'general recovery
of industry.
"The effect of such action upon the
price of school supplies and equip-
ment and upon the methods under
which such equipment can be pur-
chased cannot yet be foreseen.
3. "If the cotton code recently ap-
proved by the emergency administra-
tion may be taken as typical, we
may expect that the Industrial Re-
covery Act will bring about such high
minimum wages as to greatly reduce
the amount of child labor.
"Some of the industrial codes will
probably directly forbid the employ-
ment of children, but whether this
is donedor not, the very existence of
the code will tend to remove chil-'
dren from industry.
"The implications of this tendency
for the schools are clear. There will
be an accelerated increase in school
enrollment, and a class of youths
will be brought into the schools
which will still further diversify and
complicate problems facing educa-
tion, particularly at the secondary
and college levels," Dr. Carr con-
cluded.
There will be two sessions of the
conference today, at 9:30 a. m. and
at 2 p. m. In the morning session,
under the general topic of readjust-
ing educational philosophy to the
new era, Prof. S. A. Courtis will
speak on "In Elementary Education,"
Dr. John S. Brubacher on "In Sec-
ondary Education," and Dr. Clarence
S. Yoakum on "In Higher Educa-
tion."
In the afternoon Dr. George E.
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