PAGEl TWO
TLHE SUMMER MICHIGAN DAILY
......... ..
WEDNESDAY, JULY 30, 1924
OFFICIAL NEWSPAPER OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
SUMMER SESSION
Published every morning except Monday
during the summer session.l
Member of the Associated Pres The As-
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in.
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Michigan, as secoi'd class matter
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Summer D aily does not necessamily endorse
the sentiments expressed in tk oe euuma-
tiolls.
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ROBERT G. RAMSAY
News Editor...........Robert S. Mansfield
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WEDNESDAY, JULY 30, 1924
Night Editor-FRED K. SPARROW
ART IN THE USE OF
Elegance of language
LANGUAGE
may not be
in the power of all of us, but thoseI
who possess it will never begrudge
the hours spent in acquiring it. Words
are the tools of language, and just
as any other great artist must master
the tools of his art, so too, the writer
or speaker must master the words of
his tongue. If one is to speak Eng-
lish, then, it is necessary to con-
stantly broaden the vocabulary.
Edward Harlan Webster gives this
excellent advice on how to accom-
plish this:
1-Find synonyms for words you
have a tendency to over-use.
2-Record words with which you
are familiar but you never use-and
"work" them.
3-Make a list of important, unfam-
iliar words which you hear, or discov-
er in your reading.
4-Listen carefully to the conversa-
tion or addresses o feducated persons.
5-If possible, try to translate from
a foreign language. In this way a
-fine perception of shades of meaning,
almost unattainable by any other
method, is acquired.
6-Get interested in the dictionary,
where you can trace the life history of
words.
Practice is the first aid in broaden-
ing a vocabulary. Actually get hold
of new words and use them. You will
perceive that you will not startle
others so much as yourself. Gradu-
ally the words will begin to assume
a standing in your vocabulary and
before long they will seem like old
friends.
Not only are words important in the
artistic use of language, but also
their proper selection is paramount.
Ruskin once called attention to. the
fact that a genuinely great artist can
usually be known by what he leaves
out of his pictures as well as by
what he puts in. A great artist, hc
says, will choose one central figure
that is fine and dominating, and sub-
ordinate all other features of it. Stev-
enson said something similar when
he pointed out that in writing the
hardest thing lies in the process of
elimination. He was apparently
troubled by the number of words that
swarmed around him, puzzled as to
which one he would take, and he lab-
ored hard to secure mastery at this
point in his expression. One recalls.
too, the immense energy that Bernard
Shaw expended in earlier days upon#
mastering the technique of his art.
He literally wrestled with his pen. !
Nothing has contributed so much
to the art of language and to the art-
istic use of words as the compara-
tively recent development of the short
story. A short story is really a long
one that has been thought out. iip-
ped out, rehearsed, boiled, reboiled,
twisted this way and that, passed
through the finest mental sieve, writ-
ten and rewritten till the ultimate ex-
cellence has been reached. There is
delight in Poe and Kipling, in O'-
Henry and Walter de la Mare, in{
Stacy Aumonier, MissdDell, and Kath-
erine Mansfield. From the first brisk
sentence to the dramatic end we are I
writing. Here we see every word used
thrilled. The short story may thus
be called the highest form of prose
to the utmost. Every shade of mean-
ing is utilized and beauty is not as-
serted but rather assorted and sug-
gested.
The advice given most oftlen to
those who would speak and write I
good English is to be simple, unaf-
fected, and honest. Thomas Carlyle
always told those who came to him
"Be true if you would be believed.
Let a man but speak forth with gen-
uine earnestness the thought, the em-
otion, the acual condition of his
heat; and other men, so strangely arec
we all knit together by the tie of sym-
pathy,' must and will give heed to
A VALUABLE ADlITION
With the announcement that Guy
Maier, American pianist of note, has
been secured as a member of the fac-
ulty of the University School of Music
for the coming school year, there
comes occasion for those interested in
the continued progress of the Univer-
sity to add a smile to their already
beaming faces.
With-this announcement, the School
of Music heralds a decided step in ad-
vance. Already of great benefit to
many students on the campus, the
School of Music will now be prepared
to offer ever greater opportunities for'
study than before. Mr. Maier has made
thousands' of friends during the course
of his concert experience both as a
soloist and in conjunction with Mr.
Pattison with whom he has received
his greatest fame in the two-piano re-
citals.
Now that Mr. Maier is coming to
Ann Arbor it is only natural that Mich-
igan will benefit. Additions of this
nature to the University are always to
be encouraged and the School of Music
is to be congratulated upon its suc-
cess in securing the services of Mr.
Maier.
EDITORIAL COMMENT
- 1
GOVERNMENT BY MINORITY
By Sir A. Maurice Low
The writer of this article is the
Washington orrespondent of the Lon-
don Morning Post.
(Christian Science Monitor)
The more an Englishman under-
stands the political methods and sys-
tem employed in America the more
he is impressed with the fact that the
minority exercises greater power in
the United States than in any other
country in the world. It is a curious
development. Theoretically the voice
of the majority is the will of God.
Whether a question, in poltiics or
morals, is right or wrong is determin-
ed by the votes of the majority; it
is the only way a question can be de-
termined in a republic, it was the the-
ory on which the American Govern:.
ment was founded; but in practical
application a minority in the United
States can actually nullify or defeat
the expressed will of a majority.
Take, as an illustration, the ratifi-
'cation of a treaty, which must com-
mand the affirmative votes of two-
thirds of all the cenators present.
Here, then, one-third has the power
to nullify the expressed wish of more
than a majority. Assuming a full at-
tendance of the Senate, a majority
would be forty-nine, but while sixty-
three senators, or fourteen more than
a majority, might vote in favor of rat-
ification, their votes would count for
nothing because they were one vote
short of the necessary two-thirds. It
is to be presumed that the sixty-
three affirmative senators represented
the sentiments of their constituents.
Hence more than a majority of the
people of the country was asking for
ratification, and the minority is made
^ubservient to the minority.
Even more striking is the minor-
ity control over legislation. A bill
passes Congress by excessive major-
ities in both houses and goes to the
President, who vetoes it. The bill
may have pased the house with-to
use an extreme illustration- a 90 per
cent majority and in the Senate with
65 per cent of the total membership;
yet although it may again be passed
in the House over the President's veto
it fails to become a law because it
cannot obtain the one or two neces-P
sary votes in the Senate. It may be
presumed that, both in the Senate and
Uouse, senators and mnembers repre-
sent the demand of their constituents,
but one man, the President, and a
fraction of Congress can thwart the
will of the country,
So wedded are Americans to minor-
ity control that they have firmly en-
grafted the idea upon extra-constitu-I
tional instiutions. In the recent Dem-
ocratic convention the political mathe-
maticians, after hasitly scanning the
first ballot, said that, while McAdoo
might not be nominated, his control
of one-third of the delegates made it
possible for him to defeat the nomina-
tion o fany candidate objectionable to
him; and the Smith accountant, fig-
uring on the back of the ballot, were
able to point to a sufficient numer
of votes to prevent McAdoo's nomin-
ation even if they were not strong
enough to put their own man over,
A minority is always obstructive. It
cannot be constructive, but it has the
power to be destructive. By blocking
tactics it can force the more power-
ful element in its own party or the
oppostiion to come to terms or com-
promise.
I do not comment, which would be
improper, upon the virtues or vices
of a political system which Americans
have seen fit to adopt, but I may with-
out impropriety point out the perver-
ion of the original intent of the sys-
tem. It has lost its meaning. It has
ceased to be representative govern-
ment which, whatever the methods
employed, rests upon the will of the
mapority to act, and has become min-
ority government resting upon a frac-
Oion to prevent action. ,there was sub-
stantial reasons, as Ilamilton explain-
ed in the federalist, why more than
a majority was deemed necessary to
ratify a treaty, It was the counsel of
prudence; it was the safeguard
against rash or dishonest motives,
and- so on; but neither Hamilton no
anyone else could contemplate the
time when a President, representing
the majority and more, would find
himself impotent because of the mal-
ice or stupidity of the minority.
It has often been said of recent
years that an organized minority can
exercise greater authority than an
uncohesive majority. Is it to be won-
dered at when the Constitution gives
encouragement to and magnifies the
minority? Congress and the White
House are almost daily examples of
the falsity of the formula that the
whole is greater than its parts. A
third can defeat two-thirds; a frac-
tion has more weight than its unit.
7hinority rule is dangerous because it
imposes no responsibility. Under a
system that, theoretically at least,
rests upon majority control, the min-
ority cannot be held to account, while
the mapority, technically wielding
power, is powerless, yet answerable
for the crimes of commission or the
sins of omission.
In government an irreponsible min-
Sority brings confusion and may be
more dangerous to the people's wel-
fare than an autocratic majority.
KNOW THE CAMPUS
At the time of commencement in
1919, there was unveiled on the north-
west corner of the campus a bronze
drinking fountain, the gift of an
alumnus and citizen of Ann Arbor,
which is unusually beautiful and sig-
nificant. It is the gift of the late
Francis M. Hamilton, mayor of Ann
Arbor from 195-1907 and was ded-
icated on the 50th anniversary of his
graduation from the literary college.
When he died, in 1914, he left a
bequest of $1000 to the city for the
erection of a drinking fountain.
This beautiful work was first sketch-
ed by Robert Aitken, but when he
entered the army in 1917, Mr. Albin
Polasek, of Chicago, took over the
work.
The three basins of the fountain
are sunk in the top of a circular drum
of bronze surrounded by a procession
of figures in relief representing
Youth, Labor, Poetry, and Philosophy.
First come boys with cymbals, trum-
phets, and pipes, then two graceful
women bearing water-jars, a child
with a basket of flowers, a young man
with a scroll in lland and a maiden
leaning on his arm, a grave young
shepherd with his sheep, and finally
a youth spreading a scroll of f'igres
before a sage of noble and kindly
mien. The sculptor's intention of de-
picting "something dignified with a
touch of youthful delight" is admir-
ably carried out.
Large automobile trucks are barred
from Japan by a police regulation
Pprohibiting the length of any vehicle,
other than government owned, from
exceeding 18 1-2 feet.
Panama hats women entirely by
hand by Indians and natives of Ecu-
ador, are priced at from $2 to $11 a
dozen there.
GRAH AM'S
_ Both Stores
®
.. ...
._._.
I
Greenwood &
Kilgore
The Mans Shop
State Street Over
Galkins & Fletcher
FOR BETTER
SUMMER FOOD
TUTTLE'S
LUNCH ROOM
Phone 150
338 Maynard St. South of Maj
FOR QUALITY PRINTING
SEE
C~rook gresi&,
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711 N. University Ave.
Up-stairs
PHONE 26-R
Across from the Campus
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*Idock
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