Sixty-Seventh Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
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"When Opinions Are Free
Trutb Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or
the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
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THURSDAY MARCH 28, 1957
NIGHT EDITOR: WILLIAM HANEY
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The Military in America:
Influential But Controlled
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AT THE CAMPUS:
'D iabolique' Magnifique,
Delightful French Crime
"DIABOLIQUE" at the Campus Theater is "magnifique", and if the
Campus exhibitors plan to let it run-as scheduled-only until Fri-
day, then that's "tragique".
The 9:00 line Wednesday night was long enough to fill the theater,
and it must represent only a small fraction of the people who are going
to want to see this rare vintage French import.
"Diabolique" unravels the story of the meticulously plotted murder
of a boys' school headmaster by his wife and his mistress. It is, fortun-
ately and unfortunately, in French dialogue with English subtitles. For-
tunately so because dubbed-in English unquestionably would have
ruined the carefully prepared and controlled mood of this shocker; .un-
fortunately, I say, because with subtitles to contend with it is near agony
I
I
THE EFFECT of the military on American life
is a vitally important problem which has
received all too little attention in recent years.
In the course of modern American history,
however, civil-military relations are becoming
increasingly important to the average citizen.
The military is no longer simply a relatively
small group of government employees-profes-
sionals who are given a task to perform when
the need arises, then inconspicuously set aside
until their services are required again. E
In recent years, the military has become more
and more intimately bound up in the very fabric
of our society, exerting an influence on virtually
every aspect of our lives.
The young American male and the taxpayer
are most acutely and directly affected by this
trend.
Every able-bodied American male now faces
a required eight years of military service, in
one capacity 'or another-the active service, the
reserves or the National Guard. Besides the
time out from the ordinary conduct of his life
required by this obligation, military service or
the threat of it has far-reaching secondary con-
sequences. The young man asks himself if he
should enter the service before or after college?
Should he get married now or after he is re-
leased from service? Should he join one of the
active services or fulfill his obligation by spend-
ing the next few years in the Guard or the
active reserve?
THESE ARE choices. Many of the other
problems facing the draft-age man are not.
One is the launching of a career. No matter
whether he enters the service immediately or
not, the attainment of his vocational objectives
will be considerably delayed. Employers are
usually hesitant to hire and train even the
most promising young man when faced with the
threat of his being inducted into service and
not returning afterwards. The labor and ex-
pense of the training then go down the drain.
The older, settled man with his military serv-
ice behind him, or the man who is ineligible
for the draft is much preferred.
The militarily eligible young man also faces
problems in his social and family life. Many
are hesitant to marry and face impending sep-
aration. But then, if he delays marriage, he
must face the threat of losing the girl of his
dreams to an older man or a 4-F.
THE TAXPAYER, now more than ever, is
acutely affected by the growing prominence
of the military. When he has to foot the bill
for national defense to the tune- of 38 billion
dollars-nearly 53 per cent of the total national
budget-the impact of the military on his life is
hardly trifling.
Largely because of the ever-present threat
of all-out war, military institutions are gaining
unprecedented significance in the conduct of
of our everyday affairs. Military leaders are
similarly constantly gaining in prestige. People
are becoming increasingly aware of the impor-
tance of the military to our very survival-in
deterring war by its very existence or protecting
us should war come.
Whether this trend is good or bad, one can
only observe that it is necessary. It has its
implicit evils, but they are necessary evils be-
cause of the present world situation. To con-
demn or do away with powerful military
institutions because of the hardships they work
upon us or on moral grounds is to court dis-
aster.
WHAT, THEN, is to be done? What civil-
military relations are right and proper?
The most important relation to be maintained
is the dominance of the civil over the military.
The military must be maintained as a tool of
the civil authority, not vice versa. We must
avoid what Prof. Morris Janowitz recently called
"anticipated militarism," where the military
machine is glorified and maintained for its own
sake rather than out of necessity. Under "anti-
cipated militarism," military institutions and
military men take pre-eminence in the govern-
ment and the society.
When this situation arises in American
society, the traditional fabric of our culture is
threatened, and the time has arrived for
drastic corrective measures.
So far in the United States, despite the rising
importance and influence of the military, that
trend is not in evidence.
-EDWARD GERULDSEN
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WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
Early Hoffa Probe Stopped
Harmmarskj old Talks No Failure
UNITED NATIONS Secretary Dag Hammarsk-
fold is back in New York, returned from
conferences with Egyptian PresidentG Oamal
Nasser. Some are bound to call the series of
talks a failure, but they are wrong. This patient,
hard-working man of peace is, step by step,
getting closer to eventual dissolution of the
problems clogging the Suez canal.
While righteous shouts from Washington,
Paris and London have continued to descry
Egypt's "unforgivable, immoral" actions, his
quiet voice has persuaded, placated and won
concession after concession from the naturally
inflexible Nasser.
Two of the biggest questions remain un-
answered. There is no sign that Mr. Hammarsk-
jold has pinned Cairo down to an agreement on
the question of free international shipping
through the Gulf of Aqaba, nor that he has
been told what the UN can expect regarding its
control of the strait leading to the gulf.
BUT THIS does not diminish the importance
of the new, more rational plan for operation
of the canal, nor does it dim the hope that the
role of the United Nations Emergency Forces in
the Gaza strip has been more clearly defined.
Any firm understanding realized in that area
was doubly won, since Israel's snub of the,
Secretary General is said to have "severely
handicapped" the negotiations.
Egypt"has quietly agreed to allow food for
Arab refugees inyGaza to be trucked from
Israel. Just last week officials said she would
"never" allow the United Nations relief group
to bring the supplies from Haifa to Gaza.
And, because of the absence of any new mis-
understandings, the tugboat Edgar Bonnet,
bearing the inevitable "Kilroy Was Here" slo-
gan has been lifted from the bottom of the
canal, a salvaged symbol of the "political ob-
stacle" which had formerly held up clearance.
IT IS TOO EASY to say that these things, and
many more, are just what "should be hap-
pening," even that they are unimportant con-
cessions by a despotic ruler who ought to be
boiled in his Egyptian oil. We must not forget
just who is running the show.
Nor must we forget that any concession by
Colonel Nasser is exactly that-and that unless
we wish to unite with Britain and France to
renew the invasion, a plodding, slow and painful
path to success is the only one open.
Mr. Hammarskjold seems to believe this, and,
as far as we can see, his policy has not been
challenged by any triumphs from other dis-
senting parties.
-ALLAN STILLWAGON
ONE of the most significant
backstage developments in the
Teamster probe is that scandal-
ous facts had been unearthed re-
garding Teamster Czar Jimmy
Hoffa by the House Government
Operations Committee in the early
days of the Eisenhower Adminis-
tration. Then suddenly the probe
was stopped.
Postmaster General Summer-
field stays he didn't stop it. The
Republicans at that time con-
trolled Congress. They stopped the
probe. The individual GOP Con-
gressmen in charge of the probe
didn't want to stop it, complained
bitterly and publicly about the
stoppage. But they were stopped
anyway.
Here is what they had discov-
ered at the time they weic stopped.
JIMMY HOFFA, together with
the Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers, placed almost $20,000,000
of welfare funds with the Union
Insurance Agency, Inc., between
1948-52. The partners operating
this agency were Rose and Allen
Dorfman, wife and son of Hoffa's
intimate friend Paul Dorfman,
who in turn is boss of the waste
material Handlers Union in Chi-
cago.
The insurance agency, in turn,
placed its business with the Union
Casualty Co. and the Union Pub-
lic Service Co., organized by Leo
Perlman, a refugee from Hitler,
,whose business, thanks largely to
the Teamsters' welfare funds,
mushroomed overnight.
His companies, in turn, paid
Rose and Allen Dorfman and their
agency "in excess of $1,000,000" in
"commissions and service fees be-
y DREW PEARSON
tween October 1949 and June 30,
1953," according to the official
finding of the House committee
headed by Congressman Clare
Hoffman, Michigan Republican.
It was disclosed that approxi-
mately $101,000 in checks pay-
able to Allen Dorfman were not
deposited to the agency's bank
accounts," the committee also re-
ported.
* * *
WHEN THE Congressmen asked
Dorfman if he had paid this or any
part of it to Jimmy Hoff a, he re-
fused to answer. Time after time
le pleaded the 5th Amendment.
It was also disclosed that Perl-
man's insurance company made
fees of $1,200,000 from the Team-
sters' and Brotherhood of Electri-
cal Workers' welfare funds. These
were funds which individual dues-
paying members in Michigan and
the central states had entrusted
with Hoffa and with the IBEW for
investment.
But suddenly, as the Congres-
sional Committee was striking pay
dirt, its operations were mysteri-
ously and abruptly suspended. Said
committee counsel William F. Mc-
Kenna: "We were silenced before
we could make public certain im-
portant financial-legal aspects of
the Teamsters' operations."
Note-All this was known as
early as 1953, yet no action was
taken to suspend Dorfman's Waste
Materials Handlers local charter
in Chicago.
* * *
WHILE the public is watching
next week's special Senate election
in Texas, the temporary Senator
from Texas has been using his po-
sition to try to block an investi-
gation into his private insurance
business. He is William Blakely,
appointed by outgoing Gov. Allan
Shivers last January to keep the
Texas seat warm until the April
election.
Blakely is a soft-spoken Eisen-
hower Democrat who owns mil-
lions in real estate and professes
no political ambitions beyond his
three-month Senate term. He has
behaved like a model stopgap
Senator, keeping discreetly in the
background-with one curious ex-
ception. His only significant act
has been to harass the Federal
Trade Commission over its insur-
ance investigations.
What makes this interesting is
that Blakely's own company is un-
der investigation .as one of the
worse alleged violators. In fact,
Blakely personally was named a
defendant, because of his past
habit of dissolving corporations
that got in trouble.
Blakely is chairman of the
Girardian Insurance Company,
which the Trade Commission al-
leges has been using phony adver-
tising to 'sell insurance policies.
The company deliberately misled
policyholders into believing they
were enttled to insurance benefits
that the fine print in the contract
didn't allow, according to the FTC.
"Any examination of Girardian's
advertising when contrasted with
the actual terms of the policies,"
charges the FTC, "can lead only
to the conclusion that the adver-
tising is false, deceptive, and mis-
leading."
(Copyright 1957 by Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
to force yourself to tear your eyes
from the arresting faces of the
completely fascinating group of
French people who get caught up
in the whirlpool of thoroughly
tragic events.
The entire picture Is hypnotic in
its power. Michel, the Headmaster,
is a successful lover with both a
wife and a mistress under the same
roof-that of his fairly respectable
boys' school. But he is, unhappily,
as nasty a lover as he is a head-
master, so the two women decide
he must die. Simone Signoret and
Vera Clouzot as the wife and mis-
tress are an enchanting pair of
criminals. As I said, you don't
want to take your eyes from them.
The crime is pulled off in de-
lightful French fashion-as the
plotters run the "murder" tub
full of water downstairs, the ten-
ants upstairs bitterly bemoan the
fact that the sound of the plumb-
ing is drowning out the broad-
cast of "The 64,000 Franc Ques-
tion" program.
The audience's sympathies are
with the women all the way. First
of all, the husband was a heel; and
in the second place the two make
a remarkable pair-the mistress
admirable for her "finesse" and
"savoir faire", and the wife for
her conscience.
* * *
THE CAMERA efficiently and
humanly records the adventure.
The photography throughout is
sharp, distinct, severe, and at
times the camera zooms in on an
object or a fleeting expression asnif
the eye of the viewer were squint-
ing up to catch a disturbing de-
tain, examine it, contrast its reali-
ty against its terrible impossibility.
And the camera also catches
along its journey clear, sometimes
AT HILL:
St. Matthew
Passion
THE ST. MATTHEW Passion,
performed last night with
many cuts, nevertheless main-
tained a dramatic continuity and
power. What resulted was a high-
ly expressive realization of a cer-
tain kind of religio-esthetic emo-
tion.
This religious element cannot be
ignored-and while this perform-
ance was not a specifically reli-
gious observance, still the fact that
this is the Lenten season, the sub-
ject matter of the music (with its
large sections of recitative, dia-
logue and hymn tunes) is about
the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, in-
fluences an evaluation.
One is willing to sacrifice a cer-
tain amount of smoothness for
fervor and roughness in highly
charged choral passages; and for
the sake of pointing out certain
key words and passages in the
text, one accepts questionable re-
tards and distortions of musical
phrases. But one expects, in re-
turn, clarity of diction as well as
expressive treatment of the text.
We got this from most of the solo-
ists, but seldom from the double
chorus.
*R*R*R
stark impressions of the common,
humble little waiting places of hu-
manity-a street curb, a chipped
and crumbling corner of a school-
yard, a dusty corridor in a morgue
-all things that say as the mad
drama moves on.
The faces of every person in the
film will charm you, and they will
challenge you to think that the
nerve-racking episode of a cold-
blooded murder and a disappearing
corpse is any less real and con-
vincing than they are. Faces of a
crusty old retired police inspector,
of the eccentric upstairs tenant
and his wife, of an overtly ogling
doctor, of the headmaster's male
teaching colleagues. They're all
so real, and they're in the midst
of the insane business. So you
don't have a chance. You're caught
too,
Things get a little melodramatic
at the end, but if you think about
it, it's all planned that way. But
the melodrama gives away the fin-
ish, and when the terror starts in
the closing minutes, you ought to
be on to the "secret."
Even if you're not, you've got a
good excuse. You've been taken
in by some pros.
-Donald A.Yates
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Oficia Bulletin Is an
official publication of the University
of Michigan for which the Michigan
Daily assumes no editorial responsi-
bility. Notices should be sent in
TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3553
Adminsitration Building, before s
p.m. the day preceding publication.
Notices for Sunday Daily due at 2:00
p.m. Friday.
THURSDAY, MARCH 28, 195
VOL. LXVII, NO. 127
General Notices
Regents' Meeting: Friday, April 19.
Communications for consideration at
this meeting must be in the President's
hands not later than April 10.
The Queen's University, Belfast, Ire-
land, again offers through a reciprocal
arrangement an exchange scholarship
for a graduate from the University of
Michigan. The Scholarship will provide
fees, board and lodging for the next
academic year, but not travel. However,
application for a Fulbright travel grant
may be made. Economics, Geography,
Mathematics, Medieval History, Philo-
sophy, Political Science, and Romance
Languages are suggested as especially
appropriate fields of study. Further in-
formation'is available at the Office of
the Graduate School, and applications
should be filed with the Graduate
School before April 3.
Edgar Schwabold Senior Prize in Ger-
man ($100), awarded annually to a se-
nior concentrating in German and cur-
rently taking at least one senior course
in German literature in an essay com-
petition. The contest (one English, one
German essay on topics related to
course work) will be held Thursday, Ap-
ril 4, from 2 to 4 p.m. Students wish-
ing to compete should make out appl.-
cation forms at the German Depart-
ment Office by Monday, April 1.
Junior College - University of Michi-
gan Conference, Friday, March 29, 1957.
Registration, 9:15-10 a.m., Michigan
League.
10-12 a.m. Discussion sessons, case
visitations, individual conferences 16lr
Junior College faculties with University
faculty.
12:10 Luncheon, Michigan League Ball-
room.
2:00-3:30 Departmental conferences.
Astronomy Department Visitors' Night
Friday, March 29, 8 p.m., Rm. 2003 An-
gell Hall. Dr. Freeman D. Miller will
speak on "The Nature of Comets." After
the lecture the Student Observatory on
the fifth floor of Angell Hall will be
open for inspection and for telescopic
observations of the Orion nebula, dou-
ble stars and Jupiter. Children we -
cored, but must be accompanied by
adults,
Marshall Scholarships at British Uni-
versities have been announced for 1958-
59. Twelve awards are offered every year
to American graduates, men and women
under the age of 28. The scholarships
are tenable for two years, and each has
an annual value of 550 pounds, with an
extra 200 pounds for married men. The
deadline for the applications is Octo-
ber 31. Information on where to write
for applications may be obtained from
the Offices of the Graduate School.
The following student sponsored so-
cial events are approved for the coming
week end. Social chairmen are reminded
that requests for approval of social
events are due in the Office of Student
Affairs not later than 12 o'clock noon
on the Monday prior to the event.
March 29, 1957
Delta Sigma Delta, Delta Theta Phi,
Phi Delta Phi, Sigma Alpha Mu, Zeta
Beta Tau.
M arch 30, 1957 F__
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THE STATE OF ISRAEL:
Persecution Fills Jewish History
4
INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
Plain Old Trouble Making
By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
HAVE YOU NOTICED that Bulganin and
Khrushchev have been staying home quite
a bit lately and Russian's campaign to win the
world has, for the time being, deteriorated into
plain old trouble making?
Troublemaking is, of course, a routine tenet
of the international Communists. But it is
usually accompanied by some sort of act, such
as the provision of arms for Egypt or the
trade expansion which Russia sought in con-
nection with the Geneva sweetness and light
effort.
Now it is just talk, directed primarily at stir-
ring up doubts among NATO members.
First came the continuing campaign against
West German cooperation with the West.
Then came a general warning that nations .
which permitted foreign bases on their soil
faced annihilation in case of war.
Now this is directed specifically at Norway,
THERE IS growing evidence that Russia was
trying primarily to stir up trouble in the
Middle East, rather than trying to take it over,
when she encouraged Nasser last year. Experts
argue that Russia has enough trouble in Eastern
Europe without acquiring direct responsibility
in troubles of the Middle East, which are
expected to fester for years.
Russia's adventures with Nasser brought her,
and the rest of the world, to the brink of what
would have been a cataclysmic war. It may be
that she was frightened by the lengths to which
she had been carried by her troublemaking
accompanied by acts.
At any rate, she joined with the other na-
tions which moved to stop the fighting in the
Middle East. Her threat to use guided missiles
on Britain and France was a desperate effort.
There is a fairly general belief, though not
provable, that Russia's actions in Hungary have
made it more difficult for her to deal directly
with the noncommitted nations with which she
has sought to create an entente through trade
and "aid."
COMMUNIST CAPTURE of one of the state
(Editor's Note: The following is the
second of three articles on Israel. To-
day's article deals with the begin-
nings of modern Zionism.)
By WILLIAM L. RYAN
Associated Press Foreign News Analyst
H AVING been dispersed by the
Romans and forbidden to come
within sight of Jerusalem, Juda-
ism persisted stubbornly in exile
through oppression which reached
a furious peak in the ghettos of
medieval Europe.
The land they considered home
fell, meanwhile, to the followers
of the prophet Mohammed, the
European Crusaders and finally
to the Ottoman Turks, who kept
it four centuries until the end of
World War I.
For Jews the American and
French revolutions brought hope.
In free countries they could inte-
grate themselves. The idea caught
on. By 1869 they had won full
equality in Austria, by 1871 in
Germany.
But foundations of anti-semit-,
ism were rooted in ages-old super-
sittutions. Frgihtful programs
erupted in Russia and Poland.
reform movement was born, seek-
ing to fit ancient tenets with mod-
ern conditions. In 1885 at Pitts-
burgh, Pa., a group of rabbis
adopted the "Pittsburgh Plat-
form," renouncing the idea of a
Jewish nationality.
"We consider ourselves no long-
er a nation but a religious com-
munity, and therefore expect nei-
ther a return to Palestine nor a
sacrificial worship . . . nor the
restroation of any laws concerning
the- Jewish state," the platform
read.
Where there was persecution,
Jews still looked to Zion.
A lawyer-journalist named The-
odore Herzl, tall, black-bearded
and looking like an ancient pro-
phet,began60 years ago this sum-
mer to assemble the first World
Zionist Congress in Basle, Swtiz-
erland. Its aim: a Jewish state in
Palestine.
Herzl died in 1904. But immi-
gration into Palestine and land
purchase there by Jews already
had begun.
By 1918 about 30.000 made their
way from Russian and Polish
ghettos to new kibbutzin settle-
ment. Lord Balfour, British for-
eign secretary, wrote Lord Roth-
schild, a leading Zionist, that Brit-
ain sympathized with Zionist
hopes. Chaim Weizmann, a chem-
ist, helped gain this support by
his wartime scientific aid to the
British.
The 1917 Balfour Declaration
was a great boost for Zionists. But
simultaneously. Britain was spon-
soring an Arab kingdom in the
Middle East under Emir Feisal,
son of Sherif Hussein of Mecca.
Arab nationalism was rising with
the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
Arab riots erupted against the
Jewish settlements.
* * *
AFTER World War I, Britain
assumed control of Palestine. Jews
poured in from Middle Europe,
but Bolshevik Russia forbade emi-
gration.
By 1923, the Jewish population
in Palestine reached 100,000. New
halutzim pioneers bought land,
began improvements, introduced
health measures and started mak-
ing a long-abused land flourish.
But anti-Zionist Jews saw ca-
FOR ALL ITS ups and downs,
the performance was highly mov-
ing. The burden of the evening's
work lay on Mr. Harold Haugh.
He sang the evangelist, a part
which contains passages with cru-
elly high tessitura. His was a sen-
sitive, scrupulous reading, and vo-
cally very satisfactory.
The other soloists, faculty mem-
bers as well as students of the
music school, discharged their
duties with credit. The orchestra
was excellent except the strings
of the second orchestra.
The oboist that accompanied
Miss Mattfeld's fine delivery of
the contralto aria "Have Mercy,
Lord, On Me" deserves special
mention for lovely tone and ele-
gant phrasing.
The double chorus on the stage,
singing the turbae parts with
much abandon and vigor, fre-
quently failed to sing together.
But somehow their enthusiasm
and the brevity of such choral
parts forces one to overlook their
own rhythmic re-syncopation of
what Bach wrote. The soprano
section, though, offended by un-
pleasant tones.
The work of the chorale choir,
made up of high school students,
was the rmost.im-oressive of the
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