Sixty-Sixth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
"Gad, I'Wish rd Said That"
To The Editor
.
When Opinions Are Free,
Truth Will Prevail
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff
and represent the views of the writers only. This must be noted in all reprints.y
SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1956 NIGHT EDITOR ERNEST THEODOSSIN
Congressional Red Hunters
Back in1 Style Again
T'S BEEN less than one year since Edward
R. Murrow, Leroy Gore, Herbert Block and
others were praised for their unrelenting at-
tacks that resulted in the collapse of McCar-
thyism. Although sorrowed by the results of
McCarthy's four year crusade, freedom lovers
were relieved at its conclusion and optimisti-
cally envisioned a return to an environment of
intellectual freedom. The difference between
necessary security measures and infringements
on 'free thinking had apparently been recog-
nized.
Two events of the past week, rather re-
motely connected, emphasize McCarthy's shad-
qw is still with us. First the New York Times
fired two writers who invoked the Fifth Amend-
ment privilege while being questioned by the
Senate Internal Security sub-committee; second
the University of Wisconsin is under fire from
the American Legion for questionable activi-
ties on the part of the university's students.
That the sub-committee investigated the
New York Times or that the American Legion
moved on Wisconsin is not surprising. James
Eastland is not a well known Red hunter' but
Senator Jenner never left the McCarthy cru-
sade and is the self-styled replacement for the
Wisconsin senator since he fell into disrepute
after the censure. The American Legion never
gave up the "100 percent Americanism" ship
and even went after the girl scouts a year or
so ago. These self-appointed guardians of
American liberty will never be curbed.
That their influence be extremely limited
is essential. It appeared after the McCarthy
censure that this was the case and promoted
optimism among people who recognize a coun-
try's' need for a climate of free expression with
its accompanying intellectualism and indivi-
dualism.
JENNER and the Legion could yell but the
American people didn't seem to be listen-
ing any more. This attitude seemed to reach
its peak Friday when the Times, the very paper
whose repQrters were being investigated, slapped
the security committee. They even questioned
the sub-committee's motives for the investiga-
tion, laying them to the Times' support of
causes unsavory to the tastes of Sen. Eastland
and Sen. Jenner.
Then yesterday the Times fired two report-
ers who hid behind the Fifth Amendment dur-
ing the sub-committee hearings. The Times
may have had other reasons for dismissing these
men but it seems peculiar the firings came on
the heels of their investigation by the sub-com-
mittee.
The University of Wisconsin, long a center
of mid-western liberalism, is meeting one of
its severest tests. The University's recognition
of the Labor Youth League and the Wisconsin
Daily Cardinal's attacks on the Legion, have
prompted the Legion to study some of the
University's "attitudes." The University, al-
ways a bastion of intellectual freedom has
staunchly upheld the right of LYL to meet on
campus and complete freedom for its college
newspaper.
The newspaper last year criticized the Legion
for its attacks on some "un-American com-
ments" that appeared in the Girl Scout man-
ual. The Legion has been after the paper ever
since, even publishing a list of the Cardinal
staff members for use by the Legion's friends.
The list is a type of blacklist for the staff
members future employers.
NOW the University of Wisconsin administra-
tors have decided to meet with the Legion
to try to iron out the problems. There is noth-
ing objectionable about such a meeting just so
it doesn't represent a backdown from Wis-
consin's present admirable position. They have
a responsibility for retaining the one last free-
dom stronghold McCarthyism didn't touch.
No reiteration of the need for unpopular
opinion is necessa'y. McCarthyism stimulated
an American attitude of acceptance of "authori-
ty" anti fear of the uncommon which carried
to its logical conclusion would have left the
U.S. with nothing better than the conformity
present in the Russian state.
Important people had the courage to buck
McCarthyism and temporarily the resultant
attitude waned. But it takes a long time for
the country to rebuild this same courage. The
Times firing indicates the witch hunters still
have influence. When this indication emanates
from a progressive institution like the Times
it can set back America's recovery to a climate
of free expression to the hey-day of McCarthy-
ism.
--DAVE BAAD, Daily Managing Editor
Iniolerable Intolerance
THE Minnesota Daily, speaking on fraternity
and sorority discrimination:
"We would rather see no fraternities and sor-
orities at all on this campus than tolerate
those who do not show toleration."
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
Experiences in an Iron Lung
By DREW PEARS+ON.
ONLY A FEW Eisenhower sena-
tors are in on it, but they
have adopted a secret strategy to
neutralize their able, outspoken
Senate Leader, Bill Knowland of
California-:
They are more than a little an-
noyed at his stubborn criticism of
Eisenhower foreign policy, so will
try to circumvent him and deal
directly with -4ice-President Nixon
as much as possible.
At first, Eisenhower Senators
considered trying to dislodge
Knowland by playing musical
chairs with the leader's seat. They
wanted to rotate the leadership.
Their first choice to replace Know-
land was Massachusetts' long-
faced Leverett Saltonstall, who,
however, being a blueblood and a
gentleman, refused to fight for
the GOP leadership unless Know-
land voluntarily relinquished it.
* * *
THE IKE .EN finally decided
it would take more votes than they
could muster to dump Knowland;
so, as a substitute strategy, they
agreed to neutralize him. With-
out making it too obvious, they
will endeavor to disregard Know-
land and look to Nixon and Sal-
tonstall for their political cues.
Another part of the strategy is
to counteract Knowland's anti-
Eisenhower remarks, each time he
sounds off, be snowballing the
press with pro-Eisenhower state-
ments. For example, Saltonstall
lined up several Republican Sena-
tors to rush out statements, ap-
plauding Ike's State of the Union
message in order to overwhelm
some expected criticism from the
GOP right wing.
Knowland, however, is not
easily disregarded. He has been
grumbling more and more about
Ike's delay in announcing his
Presidential intentions, is champ-
ing at the bit to make his own
announcement, and has made it
clear to fellow Senators that he
intends to stay on as Republican
leader even after he becomes a
Presidential candidate.
These are some of the pressures
already building up early in the
election year.
U.S. DIPLOMATS are warning
the State Department that what
happened in France can also hap-
pen in Italy-if steps to prevent
it are not taken soon.
Italian municipal elections are
to be held this spring, with parlia-
mentary elections in the fall, at
which time Italy may well become
more divided between the Facist
Right and the Communist left.
To prevent that swing, Congress-
man Victor Anfuso of Brooklyn,
Democrat, who made two trips to
Italy last year, recommends that
American aid go not to the Italian
government but direct to the
political parties which are friendly
to the United States.
Anfuso points out that the
Soviet sends millions of lira into
Italy to support the Communist
Party, that its poll-watchers, its
personnel, its literature, all are
paid for by the Kremlin. Mean-
while, such middle - of - the - road
parties are the Republicans, the
Democratic Christian group and
the Right-Wing socialists, all
friendly to the USA, 'have limited
fund.
Direct American aid to them
would strengthen their hand tre-
mendously according to Congress-
man Anfuso. Otherwise part of
our aid direct to the Italian gov-
ernment is likely to dribble into
Communist hands.
SENATE DEMOCRATIC Leader
Lyndon Johnson won't call a Dem-
ocratic caucus all year if he can
avoid it. He's found Democratic
Senators are more docile individu-
ally than as a group. He'll run the
Democratic side through the Pol-
icy Committee. Those who don't
like what's doing will get a chance
to talk to him, but one.at a time.
Johnson, who like Ike is recover-
ing from a heart attack, will work
a strict 9-to-5 day with time out
for rest in the afternoon. He used
to work around the clock.
Colorado's grand old Sen. Gene
Millikin is now so feeble that aides
have to help him to the Senate
floor.
Most nervous Senators are Mid-
west Republicans, facing re-elec-
tion in the farm belt. They have
come back to the Senate 10 times
mores worried about farm unrest
than when they went home last
summer.
(copyright, 1955, by Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Bad System...
To the Editor:
AS THE result of a recent un-
explained explosion in the Ann
Arbor area, letters are being writ-
ten and editorials are being pre-
pared deploring the tendency of
a few hundred citizens (out of
thousands) to panic, thus making
inoperative facilities designed to
reduce the number who will be
incinerated in a thermo-nuclear
attack.
Much more to be deplored is the
complacency of an American work-
ing class which has permitted an
economic system to continue to
exist which system has caused the
United States to spend thirty of
the last fifty years contending with
depressions, two world wars, and
Korea!!! Due to brain-gouging
through the instrumentality of
half truths and misrepresentation,
capitalist agencies, .including the
means of information and of edu-.
cation and including America's or-
ganized labor merchants and mis-
leaders of labor, have deluded
Americans into the belief that a
system which can not solve the
problems of economic justice and
world peace is the best of all
possible systems.
In contrast, the voices of those
who insist that a reorganization of
society, a socialist reorganization,
is the better way of insuring ec-
onomic justice and peace seem
small indeed. In fact, one of the
most contemptible of misrepre-
sentations by capitalist agencies
is the propagating of the lie that
capitalist state despotism in Brit-
ain and its feudo-capitalist hy-
brid in Russia are socialism. How-
ever small in numbers the advo-
cates of social sanity may be, the
potential of social and human de-
struction inherent in the capitalist
system is too great an anti-social
force to be permanently swallowed
by Americans as being adequate
for the continued safety and hap-
piness of mankind.
If society is not wiped out first,
the propaganda that capitalism is
the godmother of further progress
will eventually be exposed as a
fairy tale by the further unfolding
of the struggle between capitalist
imperialism and Russian imper-
ialism. For the safety of the
human race, let us hope that the
working class majority soon re-
covers from the wholesale brain-
washing imposed by both imper-
ialist camps.
It is even to be hoped that
spokesmen of the capitalist press
will encourage Americans to crit-
ically examine "minority" views
such as those of the Socialist
Labor Party instead of deleting
news of such organizations and
their programs from the papers
or of misrepresenting or distorting
their programs.
-Ralph W. Muncy
New Books at Library
Baldwin, Hanson W.-Sea Fights
and Shipwrecks; New York, Han-
over House, 1955.
Beebe, William - Adventuring
with Beebe; New York, Duell,
Sloane, 1955.
Braddy, Haldeen-Cock of the
Walk; Albuquerque, U. of New
Mexico, 1955.
Bridenbaugh, Carl - Cities in
Revolt; New York, A. Knopf, 1955.
Durrell, Gerald M.-Three Tick-
ets to Adventure; New York, Vik-
ing Press, 1955.
Erdman, Loula G.-The Far
Journey; New York, Dodd, Mead,
1955.
Ferguson, Erna-Mexico Revis-
ited; New York, A. Knopf, 1955.
Frosburgh, Hugh-The Sound of
White Water; New York, Chas.
Scribner's, 1955.
..Gunther, John-Inside Africa;
New York, Harper & Bros., 1955.
Hodson, James-Return to the
Wood; New Yor'k, Wm. Morrow,
1955.
Jackson, 'Felix-So Help Me
God; New Ydrk, The Viking Press
1955.
Kaufman, Leonard-An Apple a
Day; New York, Henry Holt, 1955.
Lack of Understanding
To the Editor:
MR. DYGERT'S editorial of Jan.
4th on the aims of the Repub-
lican Party developed in the 1860's
which are now "threatening na-
tional security" was indeed a curi-
ous one. More than anything else
it revealed the widespread lack of
understanding of the purpose of
political parties on the American
political scene. While admitting
that the dominant forces within
the Republican Party are inter-
nationally minded, he believes that
"there is a real danger in granting
the Republican Party a mandate"
so long as any segments remain in
the party which favor the once
popular doctrine of non-interfer-
ence in the Old World's conflicts.
Political parties are made up of
people. People have varying opin-
ions. It is the intelligent discus-
sion of all opinions and proposals
and the compromise and agree-
ment on those which the majority
believe to be best that make our
form of government best. And it
is the majority opinion in a politi-
cal party that determines what the
party's program will be, To con-
demn any group because of the
existence of minority opinion with-
in it is to condemn our democratic
system itself. To accept Mr. Dy-
gert's precept that it is a "real
danger" to place in office any
party with divergent minority
views is to deny the pre-eminence
of our two party system. The mul-
ti-party situation in France is the
ideal of a political system of Mr.
Dygert's viewpoint. That unhappy
situation has proven itself un-
workable . ..
The dominant force in today's
Republican Party is committed to
the intelligent leadership of the
U.S. in world affairs. The Eisen-
hower-Dulles team has been a
dominant factor in bringing and
keeping peace in the world .. .
It is the leadership of the ma-
jority views in today's Republican
Party that has kept us at peace,
led us through the best postwar
readjustment we have ever ac-
complished, and given us a peace-
time prosperity we have never
known before.
-Bill Hanks, '56 BAd
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLET
THE Daily Official Bulletin Is an
official publication of the University
of Michigan for which the Michigan
Daily assumes no epftoral responsi-
bility. Notices should be sent in
TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3553
Administration Building before 2 p.m.
the day preceding publication. Notices
for the Sunday edition must be in
by 2 p.m. Friday.
SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1956
VOL. LXVII, NO. 71
General Notices
students who have applied for work or
volunteered for work in any capacity at
Waterman Gymnasium during registra
tion, Feb. 8-11, are asked to see their
Faculty counselors now in order to
have such spring semester elections
approved as the school or College will
allow-before final examinations.
Lecture Course Ushers are notified
that the Clifton Fadiman Lecture,
which was to have been given Tues.,
Jan. 10, has .been postponed till Sun.,
Feb. 12 at 8:30 p.m.
The American-Scandinavian Council
for Adult Education will have a repe-
sentative on campus Jan. 9 and 10. For
information or interview with Mr. Aage
Nielsen concerning the Scandinavian
Seminar for Cultural Studies, cal Lane
Hall, NO 3-1511, Ext. 2851, today.
Lectures
Dr. Robert Heine-Geldern, Professor
of Ethnology, University of Vienna,
will give two lectures on prehistoric
contacts between Asia and America.
Mon., Jan. 9, Aud. B, Angell Hall at
4:15 p.m. "Chinese Influence in the
Art of America." Tues., Jan, 10, Aud.
B, Angell Hall at 4:15 p.m., "Hindu-
Buddhist Influence in the Art of
Meso-America."
Readings by Members of the English
Department. Prof. John Weimer. "Clo-
vis, Reginald, and Other Amiable
Beasts: a Reading from the stories of
Saki (H. H. Munro)." Tues., Jan. 10,
4:10 p.m. Aud. A, Angell Hall.
Concerts
Student Recital. Sylvia Zavitzianos,
soprano, partial fulfillment of the re-
quirements for the Bachelor of Music
degree at 8:30 p.m. Mon., Jan. 9, in
Aud. A, Angell Hall. She is a pupil
of Frances Greer, and her recital will
be open to the public,
Academic Notices
Attention February Graduates: Col-
lege of Literature, Science, and the
Arts, School of Education, School of
Music, School of Public Health, and
School of Business Administration -
students are advised not to request
grades of I or X in February. When
such grades are absolutely imperative,
the work must be made up in time
to allow your instructor to reportathe
make-up grade not later than 8:30 a.m.,
1V
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Democracy n Trouble
By WALTER LIPPMANN
THE French voters have elected a parliament
in which one-third of the members may be
counted as hostile to parliamentary govern-
ment. Out of about 600 deputies some 150 are
Communists and about fifty are Fascists of
sorts. The remaining two-thirds are divided
into two unstable coalitions, neither of which
commands anything like a majority of more or
less like-minded deputies.
Yet under the French system the executive
power in the government is the creation of the
parliament. The executive is dependent for
its existence on arrangements and combina-
tions and deals among the factions in the As-
sembly. The executive impotence which re-
sults from this has now progressed to a point
where there is no government strong enough to
write an electionlaw and to organize an elec-
tion under which a true and effective majority
can be elected. The timing of this election and
'the conditions under which it was fought are
the direct product of the impotence of the
executive power of the previous government.
The crucial question is whether the consti-
tutional and electoral system can still be re-
formed by democratic means-by a coalition
of the democratic. parties. If this is to be
done, the members of parliament who still be-
lieve in parliamentary government will have to
lift themselves out of the morass by their own
moral boot-straps. Perhaps they will. For
otherwise there would seem to be a choice be-
tween an authoritative restoration of the exe-
cutive power and a fatal degeneration of the
French system of government.
FRANCE is the victim of a political disease to
which all democracies are susceptible. It
is that 'the popularly elected legislature will
become all-powerful, thus reducing the execu-
tive to impotence. Experience seems to show
that the democratic system is extremely un-
stable, and liable to fall down into dictatorship,
if the executive is wholly the creature of, is
wholly dependent upon, the legislature.
It is alnost certainly no accident that-ex-
cepting only Switzerland which has a special
I7 t 1.... ..i a.l__A AA . .I- ta I A A.
and ancient tradition-the successful Western
democracies are either constitutional monar-
chies as in Great Britain, in the leading mem-
bers of the Commonwealth, in the Low Coun-
tries and in Scandinavia, or are like the United
States, where the executive is separately .elect-
ed, and has a popular mandate separate from
that of the legislature.
The French system, which has been described
as that of the "enthroned legislature," lacks
the essence of executive authority-an exe-
cutive possessing a legitimate mandate of its
own.
ALTHOUGH our own system was designed to
avoid the dangers of the enthroned legis-
lature and the- impotent executive, we cannot
take our own system for granted. Between
1950 and 1954, in the-last years of Truman and
the first years of Eisenhower, this country suf-
fered a much milder but nonetheless a painful
and debilitating attack of the same disease
which afflicts France.
During this time the President's constitu-
tional powers to conduct foreign relations were
gravely impaired by a Congressional usurpa-
tion-of Which McCarthy was the spear-point.
It was not until after the elections of 1954 that
the President recovered most of his constitu-
tional powers. It has been since then and only
since then, by the way, that the country has
thought of Mr. Eisenhower as a successful Presi-
dent. The last two years of Truman and the
first two years of Eisenhower were an in-
glorious and dangerous period in our history.
They were a period of what Woodrow Wilson
called Congressional government, by which he
meant Congressional usurpation of the execu-
tive power of government.,
This being an election year, the fundamental
question before the country is whether and how
and by whom the Presidential office is to be
maintained in its full powers within our sys-
tem. A weakness in the Presidency, a vacancy
in the Presidential office, threaten that balance
between the Congress and the executive which
is the inner principle of our constitution. The
role of the President in our system is such that,
TV REVIEW AND PREVIEW:
Four Leggs Better Than Two on TV
By LARRY EINHORN
Daily Television Writer
TELEVISION is going to the
dogs ... and also to the mice,
chimpanzees, horses and other
members of the animal kingdom,
This is due to the great number
of shows which star four-legged
animals and incidently feature
two-legged animals, more com-
monly known as human beings.
Lassie, Rin Tin Tin, Champion,
Mickey Mouse and Mighty Mouse
all have regular network shows of
their own. And many other ani-
mals are very important members
of the casts of "people" shows.
THE MOST successful new
ABC-TV show this year stars the
little rodent who has made more
money for his creator in the past
twenty years than most top TV
stars hope to make in a lifetime.
"Mickey Mouse Club" has a higher
daily rating in the afternoon than
scores of top-rated shows have in
the choicer evening time-slots.
Up until recently 'Champion'
was just a means of transporta-
tion for Gene Autry. Today the
horse has his own show which
bears his name.
After all these years Lassie has
well include elephants, lions and
tigers.
Some of the more prominent
educational shows do not restrict
themselves to Amerioan talent.
"Zoo Parade" and the "Living
Desert" sequences on "Disney-
land" take their cameras to for-
eign lands so Americans can see
the stars of the jungles of Africa,
and South America.
The original TV animal star,
Oliver J. Dragon, is still going
strong after eight years of working
before the television cameras,
SOME OF these animal stars
are extremely talented. Cleo,sthe
dog on "The People's Choice" talks
in a charming feminine voice. And1
the St. Bernard on "Topper" is
the world's champion martini
drinker.
J. Fred Muggs was a major factor
in the success of Dave Garroway's
"Today". He and his other chimp
friends have been appearing quite
frequently on the different panel
and variety shows.
Some of these better-known
chimpanzees seem almost human
at times, but they probably prefer
to remain more primitive so their
ratings will not fall.
! But the most prominent canine
on TV is Rin Tin Tin. who. for
day Night Boxing" and "Person
to Person".
Jan Murray, Eve Arden, Eddie
Fisher and Edward R. Murrow
cannot compete with Rin Tin .Tin.
And neither can most of the other
big stars of television.
Man's best friend is the dog,...
and dog's best friend is the man
who watches him on TV.
LITTLE MAN ON CAMPUS
by Dick Bibler
4.:
1 it 1 ""
///r
;.....<r