Sixty-Sixth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 "Gad, I'Wish rd Said That" To The Editor . When Opinions Are Free, Truth Will Prevail Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. This must be noted in all reprints.y SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1956 NIGHT EDITOR ERNEST THEODOSSIN Congressional Red Hunters Back in1 Style Again T'S BEEN less than one year since Edward R. Murrow, Leroy Gore, Herbert Block and others were praised for their unrelenting at- tacks that resulted in the collapse of McCar- thyism. Although sorrowed by the results of McCarthy's four year crusade, freedom lovers were relieved at its conclusion and optimisti- cally envisioned a return to an environment of intellectual freedom. The difference between necessary security measures and infringements on 'free thinking had apparently been recog- nized. Two events of the past week, rather re- motely connected, emphasize McCarthy's shad- qw is still with us. First the New York Times fired two writers who invoked the Fifth Amend- ment privilege while being questioned by the Senate Internal Security sub-committee; second the University of Wisconsin is under fire from the American Legion for questionable activi- ties on the part of the university's students. That the sub-committee investigated the New York Times or that the American Legion moved on Wisconsin is not surprising. James Eastland is not a well known Red hunter' but Senator Jenner never left the McCarthy cru- sade and is the self-styled replacement for the Wisconsin senator since he fell into disrepute after the censure. The American Legion never gave up the "100 percent Americanism" ship and even went after the girl scouts a year or so ago. These self-appointed guardians of American liberty will never be curbed. That their influence be extremely limited is essential. It appeared after the McCarthy censure that this was the case and promoted optimism among people who recognize a coun- try's' need for a climate of free expression with its accompanying intellectualism and indivi- dualism. JENNER and the Legion could yell but the American people didn't seem to be listen- ing any more. This attitude seemed to reach its peak Friday when the Times, the very paper whose repQrters were being investigated, slapped the security committee. They even questioned the sub-committee's motives for the investiga- tion, laying them to the Times' support of causes unsavory to the tastes of Sen. Eastland and Sen. Jenner. Then yesterday the Times fired two report- ers who hid behind the Fifth Amendment dur- ing the sub-committee hearings. The Times may have had other reasons for dismissing these men but it seems peculiar the firings came on the heels of their investigation by the sub-com- mittee. The University of Wisconsin, long a center of mid-western liberalism, is meeting one of its severest tests. The University's recognition of the Labor Youth League and the Wisconsin Daily Cardinal's attacks on the Legion, have prompted the Legion to study some of the University's "attitudes." The University, al- ways a bastion of intellectual freedom has staunchly upheld the right of LYL to meet on campus and complete freedom for its college newspaper. The newspaper last year criticized the Legion for its attacks on some "un-American com- ments" that appeared in the Girl Scout man- ual. The Legion has been after the paper ever since, even publishing a list of the Cardinal staff members for use by the Legion's friends. The list is a type of blacklist for the staff members future employers. NOW the University of Wisconsin administra- tors have decided to meet with the Legion to try to iron out the problems. There is noth- ing objectionable about such a meeting just so it doesn't represent a backdown from Wis- consin's present admirable position. They have a responsibility for retaining the one last free- dom stronghold McCarthyism didn't touch. No reiteration of the need for unpopular opinion is necessa'y. McCarthyism stimulated an American attitude of acceptance of "authori- ty" anti fear of the uncommon which carried to its logical conclusion would have left the U.S. with nothing better than the conformity present in the Russian state. Important people had the courage to buck McCarthyism and temporarily the resultant attitude waned. But it takes a long time for the country to rebuild this same courage. The Times firing indicates the witch hunters still have influence. When this indication emanates from a progressive institution like the Times it can set back America's recovery to a climate of free expression to the hey-day of McCarthy- ism. --DAVE BAAD, Daily Managing Editor Iniolerable Intolerance THE Minnesota Daily, speaking on fraternity and sorority discrimination: "We would rather see no fraternities and sor- orities at all on this campus than tolerate those who do not show toleration." WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND: Experiences in an Iron Lung By DREW PEARS+ON. ONLY A FEW Eisenhower sena- tors are in on it, but they have adopted a secret strategy to neutralize their able, outspoken Senate Leader, Bill Knowland of California-: They are more than a little an- noyed at his stubborn criticism of Eisenhower foreign policy, so will try to circumvent him and deal directly with -4ice-President Nixon as much as possible. At first, Eisenhower Senators considered trying to dislodge Knowland by playing musical chairs with the leader's seat. They wanted to rotate the leadership. Their first choice to replace Know- land was Massachusetts' long- faced Leverett Saltonstall, who, however, being a blueblood and a gentleman, refused to fight for the GOP leadership unless Know- land voluntarily relinquished it. * * * THE IKE .EN finally decided it would take more votes than they could muster to dump Knowland; so, as a substitute strategy, they agreed to neutralize him. With- out making it too obvious, they will endeavor to disregard Know- land and look to Nixon and Sal- tonstall for their political cues. Another part of the strategy is to counteract Knowland's anti- Eisenhower remarks, each time he sounds off, be snowballing the press with pro-Eisenhower state- ments. For example, Saltonstall lined up several Republican Sena- tors to rush out statements, ap- plauding Ike's State of the Union message in order to overwhelm some expected criticism from the GOP right wing. Knowland, however, is not easily disregarded. He has been grumbling more and more about Ike's delay in announcing his Presidential intentions, is champ- ing at the bit to make his own announcement, and has made it clear to fellow Senators that he intends to stay on as Republican leader even after he becomes a Presidential candidate. These are some of the pressures already building up early in the election year. U.S. DIPLOMATS are warning the State Department that what happened in France can also hap- pen in Italy-if steps to prevent it are not taken soon. Italian municipal elections are to be held this spring, with parlia- mentary elections in the fall, at which time Italy may well become more divided between the Facist Right and the Communist left. To prevent that swing, Congress- man Victor Anfuso of Brooklyn, Democrat, who made two trips to Italy last year, recommends that American aid go not to the Italian government but direct to the political parties which are friendly to the United States. Anfuso points out that the Soviet sends millions of lira into Italy to support the Communist Party, that its poll-watchers, its personnel, its literature, all are paid for by the Kremlin. Mean- while, such middle - of - the - road parties are the Republicans, the Democratic Christian group and the Right-Wing socialists, all friendly to the USA, 'have limited fund. Direct American aid to them would strengthen their hand tre- mendously according to Congress- man Anfuso. Otherwise part of our aid direct to the Italian gov- ernment is likely to dribble into Communist hands. SENATE DEMOCRATIC Leader Lyndon Johnson won't call a Dem- ocratic caucus all year if he can avoid it. He's found Democratic Senators are more docile individu- ally than as a group. He'll run the Democratic side through the Pol- icy Committee. Those who don't like what's doing will get a chance to talk to him, but one.at a time. Johnson, who like Ike is recover- ing from a heart attack, will work a strict 9-to-5 day with time out for rest in the afternoon. He used to work around the clock. Colorado's grand old Sen. Gene Millikin is now so feeble that aides have to help him to the Senate floor. Most nervous Senators are Mid- west Republicans, facing re-elec- tion in the farm belt. They have come back to the Senate 10 times mores worried about farm unrest than when they went home last summer. (copyright, 1955, by Bell Syndicate, Inc.) Bad System... To the Editor: AS THE result of a recent un- explained explosion in the Ann Arbor area, letters are being writ- ten and editorials are being pre- pared deploring the tendency of a few hundred citizens (out of thousands) to panic, thus making inoperative facilities designed to reduce the number who will be incinerated in a thermo-nuclear attack. Much more to be deplored is the complacency of an American work- ing class which has permitted an economic system to continue to exist which system has caused the United States to spend thirty of the last fifty years contending with depressions, two world wars, and Korea!!! Due to brain-gouging through the instrumentality of half truths and misrepresentation, capitalist agencies, .including the means of information and of edu-. cation and including America's or- ganized labor merchants and mis- leaders of labor, have deluded Americans into the belief that a system which can not solve the problems of economic justice and world peace is the best of all possible systems. In contrast, the voices of those who insist that a reorganization of society, a socialist reorganization, is the better way of insuring ec- onomic justice and peace seem small indeed. In fact, one of the most contemptible of misrepre- sentations by capitalist agencies is the propagating of the lie that capitalist state despotism in Brit- ain and its feudo-capitalist hy- brid in Russia are socialism. How- ever small in numbers the advo- cates of social sanity may be, the potential of social and human de- struction inherent in the capitalist system is too great an anti-social force to be permanently swallowed by Americans as being adequate for the continued safety and hap- piness of mankind. If society is not wiped out first, the propaganda that capitalism is the godmother of further progress will eventually be exposed as a fairy tale by the further unfolding of the struggle between capitalist imperialism and Russian imper- ialism. For the safety of the human race, let us hope that the working class majority soon re- covers from the wholesale brain- washing imposed by both imper- ialist camps. It is even to be hoped that spokesmen of the capitalist press will encourage Americans to crit- ically examine "minority" views such as those of the Socialist Labor Party instead of deleting news of such organizations and their programs from the papers or of misrepresenting or distorting their programs. -Ralph W. Muncy New Books at Library Baldwin, Hanson W.-Sea Fights and Shipwrecks; New York, Han- over House, 1955. Beebe, William - Adventuring with Beebe; New York, Duell, Sloane, 1955. Braddy, Haldeen-Cock of the Walk; Albuquerque, U. of New Mexico, 1955. Bridenbaugh, Carl - Cities in Revolt; New York, A. Knopf, 1955. Durrell, Gerald M.-Three Tick- ets to Adventure; New York, Vik- ing Press, 1955. Erdman, Loula G.-The Far Journey; New York, Dodd, Mead, 1955. Ferguson, Erna-Mexico Revis- ited; New York, A. Knopf, 1955. Frosburgh, Hugh-The Sound of White Water; New York, Chas. Scribner's, 1955. ..Gunther, John-Inside Africa; New York, Harper & Bros., 1955. Hodson, James-Return to the Wood; New Yor'k, Wm. Morrow, 1955. Jackson, 'Felix-So Help Me God; New Ydrk, The Viking Press 1955. Kaufman, Leonard-An Apple a Day; New York, Henry Holt, 1955. Lack of Understanding To the Editor: MR. DYGERT'S editorial of Jan. 4th on the aims of the Repub- lican Party developed in the 1860's which are now "threatening na- tional security" was indeed a curi- ous one. More than anything else it revealed the widespread lack of understanding of the purpose of political parties on the American political scene. While admitting that the dominant forces within the Republican Party are inter- nationally minded, he believes that "there is a real danger in granting the Republican Party a mandate" so long as any segments remain in the party which favor the once popular doctrine of non-interfer- ence in the Old World's conflicts. Political parties are made up of people. People have varying opin- ions. It is the intelligent discus- sion of all opinions and proposals and the compromise and agree- ment on those which the majority believe to be best that make our form of government best. And it is the majority opinion in a politi- cal party that determines what the party's program will be, To con- demn any group because of the existence of minority opinion with- in it is to condemn our democratic system itself. To accept Mr. Dy- gert's precept that it is a "real danger" to place in office any party with divergent minority views is to deny the pre-eminence of our two party system. The mul- ti-party situation in France is the ideal of a political system of Mr. Dygert's viewpoint. That unhappy situation has proven itself un- workable . .. The dominant force in today's Republican Party is committed to the intelligent leadership of the U.S. in world affairs. The Eisen- hower-Dulles team has been a dominant factor in bringing and keeping peace in the world .. . It is the leadership of the ma- jority views in today's Republican Party that has kept us at peace, led us through the best postwar readjustment we have ever ac- complished, and given us a peace- time prosperity we have never known before. -Bill Hanks, '56 BAd DAILY OFFICIAL BULLET THE Daily Official Bulletin Is an official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no epftoral responsi- bility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3553 Administration Building before 2 p.m. the day preceding publication. Notices for the Sunday edition must be in by 2 p.m. Friday. SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1956 VOL. LXVII, NO. 71 General Notices students who have applied for work or volunteered for work in any capacity at Waterman Gymnasium during registra tion, Feb. 8-11, are asked to see their Faculty counselors now in order to have such spring semester elections approved as the school or College will allow-before final examinations. Lecture Course Ushers are notified that the Clifton Fadiman Lecture, which was to have been given Tues., Jan. 10, has .been postponed till Sun., Feb. 12 at 8:30 p.m. The American-Scandinavian Council for Adult Education will have a repe- sentative on campus Jan. 9 and 10. For information or interview with Mr. Aage Nielsen concerning the Scandinavian Seminar for Cultural Studies, cal Lane Hall, NO 3-1511, Ext. 2851, today. Lectures Dr. Robert Heine-Geldern, Professor of Ethnology, University of Vienna, will give two lectures on prehistoric contacts between Asia and America. Mon., Jan. 9, Aud. B, Angell Hall at 4:15 p.m. "Chinese Influence in the Art of America." Tues., Jan, 10, Aud. B, Angell Hall at 4:15 p.m., "Hindu- Buddhist Influence in the Art of Meso-America." Readings by Members of the English Department. Prof. John Weimer. "Clo- vis, Reginald, and Other Amiable Beasts: a Reading from the stories of Saki (H. H. Munro)." Tues., Jan. 10, 4:10 p.m. Aud. A, Angell Hall. Concerts Student Recital. Sylvia Zavitzianos, soprano, partial fulfillment of the re- quirements for the Bachelor of Music degree at 8:30 p.m. Mon., Jan. 9, in Aud. A, Angell Hall. She is a pupil of Frances Greer, and her recital will be open to the public, Academic Notices Attention February Graduates: Col- lege of Literature, Science, and the Arts, School of Education, School of Music, School of Public Health, and School of Business Administration - students are advised not to request grades of I or X in February. When such grades are absolutely imperative, the work must be made up in time to allow your instructor to reportathe make-up grade not later than 8:30 a.m., 1V TODAY AND TOMORROW: Democracy n Trouble By WALTER LIPPMANN THE French voters have elected a parliament in which one-third of the members may be counted as hostile to parliamentary govern- ment. Out of about 600 deputies some 150 are Communists and about fifty are Fascists of sorts. The remaining two-thirds are divided into two unstable coalitions, neither of which commands anything like a majority of more or less like-minded deputies. Yet under the French system the executive power in the government is the creation of the parliament. The executive is dependent for its existence on arrangements and combina- tions and deals among the factions in the As- sembly. The executive impotence which re- sults from this has now progressed to a point where there is no government strong enough to write an electionlaw and to organize an elec- tion under which a true and effective majority can be elected. The timing of this election and 'the conditions under which it was fought are the direct product of the impotence of the executive power of the previous government. The crucial question is whether the consti- tutional and electoral system can still be re- formed by democratic means-by a coalition of the democratic. parties. If this is to be done, the members of parliament who still be- lieve in parliamentary government will have to lift themselves out of the morass by their own moral boot-straps. Perhaps they will. For otherwise there would seem to be a choice be- tween an authoritative restoration of the exe- cutive power and a fatal degeneration of the French system of government. FRANCE is the victim of a political disease to which all democracies are susceptible. It is that 'the popularly elected legislature will become all-powerful, thus reducing the execu- tive to impotence. Experience seems to show that the democratic system is extremely un- stable, and liable to fall down into dictatorship, if the executive is wholly the creature of, is wholly dependent upon, the legislature. It is alnost certainly no accident that-ex- cepting only Switzerland which has a special I7 t 1.... ..i a.l__A AA . .I- ta I A A. and ancient tradition-the successful Western democracies are either constitutional monar- chies as in Great Britain, in the leading mem- bers of the Commonwealth, in the Low Coun- tries and in Scandinavia, or are like the United States, where the executive is separately .elect- ed, and has a popular mandate separate from that of the legislature. The French system, which has been described as that of the "enthroned legislature," lacks the essence of executive authority-an exe- cutive possessing a legitimate mandate of its own. ALTHOUGH our own system was designed to avoid the dangers of the enthroned legis- lature and the- impotent executive, we cannot take our own system for granted. Between 1950 and 1954, in the-last years of Truman and the first years of Eisenhower, this country suf- fered a much milder but nonetheless a painful and debilitating attack of the same disease which afflicts France. During this time the President's constitu- tional powers to conduct foreign relations were gravely impaired by a Congressional usurpa- tion-of Which McCarthy was the spear-point. It was not until after the elections of 1954 that the President recovered most of his constitu- tional powers. It has been since then and only since then, by the way, that the country has thought of Mr. Eisenhower as a successful Presi- dent. The last two years of Truman and the first two years of Eisenhower were an in- glorious and dangerous period in our history. They were a period of what Woodrow Wilson called Congressional government, by which he meant Congressional usurpation of the execu- tive power of government., This being an election year, the fundamental question before the country is whether and how and by whom the Presidential office is to be maintained in its full powers within our sys- tem. A weakness in the Presidency, a vacancy in the Presidential office, threaten that balance between the Congress and the executive which is the inner principle of our constitution. The role of the President in our system is such that, TV REVIEW AND PREVIEW: Four Leggs Better Than Two on TV By LARRY EINHORN Daily Television Writer TELEVISION is going to the dogs ... and also to the mice, chimpanzees, horses and other members of the animal kingdom, This is due to the great number of shows which star four-legged animals and incidently feature two-legged animals, more com- monly known as human beings. Lassie, Rin Tin Tin, Champion, Mickey Mouse and Mighty Mouse all have regular network shows of their own. And many other ani- mals are very important members of the casts of "people" shows. THE MOST successful new ABC-TV show this year stars the little rodent who has made more money for his creator in the past twenty years than most top TV stars hope to make in a lifetime. "Mickey Mouse Club" has a higher daily rating in the afternoon than scores of top-rated shows have in the choicer evening time-slots. Up until recently 'Champion' was just a means of transporta- tion for Gene Autry. Today the horse has his own show which bears his name. After all these years Lassie has well include elephants, lions and tigers. Some of the more prominent educational shows do not restrict themselves to Amerioan talent. "Zoo Parade" and the "Living Desert" sequences on "Disney- land" take their cameras to for- eign lands so Americans can see the stars of the jungles of Africa, and South America. The original TV animal star, Oliver J. Dragon, is still going strong after eight years of working before the television cameras, SOME OF these animal stars are extremely talented. Cleo,sthe dog on "The People's Choice" talks in a charming feminine voice. And1 the St. Bernard on "Topper" is the world's champion martini drinker. J. Fred Muggs was a major factor in the success of Dave Garroway's "Today". He and his other chimp friends have been appearing quite frequently on the different panel and variety shows. Some of these better-known chimpanzees seem almost human at times, but they probably prefer to remain more primitive so their ratings will not fall. ! But the most prominent canine on TV is Rin Tin Tin. who. for day Night Boxing" and "Person to Person". Jan Murray, Eve Arden, Eddie Fisher and Edward R. Murrow cannot compete with Rin Tin .Tin. And neither can most of the other big stars of television. Man's best friend is the dog,... and dog's best friend is the man who watches him on TV. LITTLE MAN ON CAMPUS by Dick Bibler 4.: 1 it 1 "" ///r ;.....