'I
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
RIDAY, MAY 2,
CAMPUS INTIMIDATION:
The McPhaul Dinner Investigation
"Looks Great!"
Tuition Hike
(Editor's Note: This is the second series of
editorials dealing with the current controversy
on student rights)
WITHIN TWO HOURS after Arthur Mc-
Phaul spoke at the Union, it was an-
nounced that a University investigation
might be made. This "might be" became cer-
tainty the following day when the Student
Affairs Committee was named as the investi-
gating group. However, when it was learned
that a member of the SAC was at the Mc-
Phaul dinner, the case was turned over to a
special student-faculty committee appoint-
ed by President Hatcher.
On the Committee were Dean of Stu-
dents Erich Walter, Assoc. Dean of Stu-
dents Walter Rea, Dean of Women De-
borah Bacon, Prof. William Blume of the
Law School, who is also on the Lecture
Committee and the Sub-Committee on
Discipline, Len Wilcox, president of Stu-
dent Legislature, John Merrow, chairman
of Men's Judiciary and Betty Ohlheiser,
chairman of Women's Judiciary. In an-
nouncing the Committee's formation, Dean
Walter released the following statement:
" . The special investigation will be
conducted in such a way that no students
who may be interviewed need suffer em-
barrassment. The inquiry will be directed
towards determining whether arity Univer-
sity regulation was evaded."
The statement indicated that the Uni-
versity was not sure that any regulation had
been violated. In effect they were trying to
find trouble. All they did find was a good
chicken-dinner and a dull speech. Then they
made trouble.
MITATIONS TO the dinner were extend-
ed by word of mouth to more than
thirty people. Some invitations were general
in the sense of "you can bring a friend." The
price was two dollars. Thirty-one people at-
tended the dinner, 24 of whom were stu-
dents. McPhaul spoke informally, attacked
the House Un-American Activities Commit-
tee and repeated the Civil Rights Congress
M USIC]
THE FIRST concert of
Festival began on a
this year's May
note of musical
charge of United States' genocide against the
Negro. Though some people praised Mc-
Phaul, one member of the dinner party said
that "anyone with an eighth grade educa-
tion could have poked holes through the
speech." No host appeared at the dinner.
McPhaul was introduced by a graduate stu-
dent who also collected the money to pay
for the meal. He claimed that he had
acted out of common courtesy when he
saw McPhaul unaccompanied. The person
who had contracted for the Union room gave
the name Henry Gerard, apparently a pseu-
donym. At the meeting were at least seven
Young Progressives, one Democrat, one SL
member and assorted personalities. The
Young Progressives denied that they had
made the arrangements.
Despite the fact that no host could be
found, there were numerous reasons to
doubt the justification of an Investiga-
tion. The Union rents rooms and serves
meals to any group or individual. Speak-
ers, too numerous to mention, have ap-
peared there without being cleared by the
Lecture Committee. The dinner was pri-
vate insofar as it was not thrown open to
the public. There is no regulation against
a student renting a room for a private
affair.
Nevertheless the investigation proceeded.
The atmosphere surrounding the committee
was strikingly similar to the Un-American
Activities Committeehthen meeting in De-
troit. This was heightened by the role of
interrogator played by Prof. Blume. Students
were faced with two alternatives. Either they
cooperated and were appreciated or they
hesitated and were literally scorned. The in-
timidation was extensive both in the de-
fensive position students were placed in and
in the general questions that they were ask-
ed, the answers to which could be inter-
preted at the discretion of the listeners.
Other questions such as "Whom do you
suspect?" and "Have you seen any suspi-
cious characters loitering about?" were stock
inquiries. The investigation soon spread out
from trying to find if a violation of a rule
had occurred to a general investigation of
left-wing and Communist activity on cam-
pus. People who had nothing whatever to dor
with the dinner were called in. Editors of
The Daily were summoned to explain its
policies. The paper was berated for letting
itself be used by agitators when it covered
the dinner, and perpetuating its ill effects
by printing a letter signed "Henry Gerard,
the Eternal Pseudonym." All told, the Com-
mittee questioned approximately 20 stu-
dents, 14 of whom had been at the dinner.
The remaining 10 students could not be
discovered.
a.f R *
A STENOGRAPHER was present through-
out the hearings, except when one stu-
dent refused to testify if she remained in
the room. 126 pages of single-spaced, typed
testimony was taken down. Though the
transcription was fairly accurate there were
often places where the stenographer ad-
mittedly put down what she thought was the
sense of an answer rather than the specific
answer. She also misquoted several witness-
es, even going so far as to change a "yes"
response to a "no." It was learned a week
after the case had gone to Joint Judiciary
that witnesses could change any inaccurate
testimony. At this time, however, after all
the statements had been used there seemed
little possibility of a corrected inaccuracy
changing a general attitude. This also meant
that gross mistatements could be put into
the testimony if a student wished to do so.
Despite the fact that the witnesses had been
told that their testimony would be kept in
confidence, Dean Walter later declared that
because this is a state University he could
not refuse the testimony to any government
agency that asked for it. When students
were interrogated the actual wording of the
"confidence" introduction was such that
the committee can do what they want with
the testimony. All of the witnesses, however,
came away with the impression that what
they had said would go no farther than
the room they had been in.
When it finished its hearings, the In-
vestigation Committee reported to Presi-
dent Hatcher, but made no public dis-
closures. One month later, the President
gave the case along with the "confiden-
tial" testimony to the ten member Joint
Judiciary Council. The 14 students who
were known to have attended the dinner,
including the reporter covering it for
artistry on the one hand, and mediocrity on
the other. Of extreme beauty was the sing-
ing of Mozart's "Exsultate Jubilate," by
Eleanor Steber.
This work is virtuoso in every respect.
It has a wide vocal'range making beauti.
ful use of the lower tones of the voice, and
also contains many scale-like passages
that are instrumental in character. Miss
Steber was perfectly at ease and sang the
work with a simplicity and plaintiveness
necessary In, giving this work the long
melodic flow that it demands.
The outstanding orchestral performance
was Daphnis and Chloe. Dr. Ormandy is at
home in this music, and the Philadelphia
Orchestra is at its best when it can display
Its fine balance and beautiful tone. I always
marvel at the dynamic range of this orches-
tra so particularly apparent in the first
movement during the long crescendos to
the statement of the theme. The Roussel
Ballet was also performed well by virtue of
delicate handling of the different orchestral
choirs. However, this brought out the chief
fault of the work; it relies purely on orches-
tral effects without distinguishing musical
material, thus becoming over-long and
monotonous.
The contemporary work of the evening
was the Howard Swanson "Short Sym-
phony." Written in 1948, this work, as the
title implies, makes a deliberate point of
its conciseness. The themes of the three
movements are all derivative; there is
particular use. of dance rhythms in the
syncopations of the last movement. The
trick endings of the last two movements
seemed arbitrary, and the theme itself
which is treated contrapuntally seemed
insufficiently distinguished to merit the
attention it received in a monothematic
work. However, the work is interesting and
deserves more consideration.
Miss Steber offered four other arias. Of
particular note was "Marietta's Lied" by
Korngold. The enc4ore of "Merry Widow
Waltz," effective in its.own right, was un-
fortunate, placed as it was after the high
art of the Mozart motet; which was the
musical climax of the evening.
-Donald Harris
The Daily, were charged with the viola-
tion of the Regents' by-law that reads;
"No permission for the use of University
property for meetings or lectures shall be
granted to any student organization not re-
cognized by University authorities, nor shall
such permission be granted to any individual
student."
Seemingly, if this rule were violated, the
guilty party should be the person who grant-
ed the permission to use University property;
not the person to whom the permission was
granted. The University's interpretation,
however, places the blame on the latter, and
when the individual who had arranged the
meeting could not be found, all who attend-
ed the dinner were considered guilty.
However, the by-law has not been vio-
lated because it does not apply to the
Union. Another by-law does.
"The use of other University property by
students or student organizations shall be
in accordance with rules prescribed from
time to time by the Vice-President in charge
of business and finance, except that the use
of University property specifically committed
by action of the Board of Regents to the
care of other University agencies shall be
as prescribed by such agencies."
The Union is such a specifically committed
property. It is run by a Board of Directors
made up of students, faculty, and alumni.
Originally the Union did not belong to the
University. Several years ago, however, it
was transferred to the Regents for income
tax purposes. Keeping the Union free of
speaker restrictions is necessitated by its
business character. The Union has such a
large turn-over of non-University affairs
that it could not run with any sort of effi-
ciency under a screening process. Such or-
ganizations as the Lions Club, the Michigan
League for Planned Parenthood and Argus
Camera Co. would violently object to sub-
mitting their speakers for approval.
* * * .
WHEN THE ILLEGAL charge was placed
in the hands of Joint Judiciary, Univer-
sity officials were palming off a rotten egg
on student government. The Joint Judiciary
could determine punishment ranging from
no action to expulsion. Members of Judiciary,
however, feeling the pressure of the situa-
tion, said that they could not see how they
could dismiss the charges, that they had to
take some action. One of the influences
placed on them is that the constitution of
the Joint Judiciary is presently up for ap-
proval before the Student Affairs Committee.
Till now Joint Judiciary has been on a trial
basis. The McPhaul case is supposedly a fin-
al proving ground of the principle of stu-
dent discipline.
When the hearings and questioning
started all over again, several students
were told that refusal to answer ques-
tions would be considered conduct unbe-
coming a student. The penalties for this in-
clude expulsion. Everything that was said
was checked against the testimony from
the original investigation. The witnesses,
however, were not allowed to see their pre-
vious testimony until after the hearings.
The Joint Judiciary sat for more than two
weeks. In that time they questioned sev-
eral more students who had had nothing
to do with the dinner. They also charged
one more student who had attended the
affair.
One of the ironies of the investigation oc-
curred when-Joint Judic held a hearing at
the same time as the Honors Convocation.
The parents of an honor student came up to
attend the Convocation with their son. In-
stead they found him facing the Judic on a
charge that he had had nothing to do with.
Throughout both these investigations the
University wrapped a cloak of secrecy about
itself. When it was accused of calling in
character witnesses, of accepting hearsay
evidence, of asking people whether they own-
ed a red jacket, there was no official- ans-
wer. The Civil Liberties Committee, in an
attempt to find the truth to such accusa-
tions, asked Dean Walter if they could see
the transcript of the testimony. He said yes,
if they could get the permission of the wit-
nesses. They got the permission of most of
them. However, when they presented they
signed release statements to Dean Walter,
they were informed that University policy
would not permit them to see the transcripts.
* * *
TODAY THE faculty Sub-Committee on
Discipline is expected to release the
judgments on the accused students. Their
wisest move would be to take no action, and
try to forget that the sordid mess ever oc-
cured.
Should they decide to take some disciplin-
ary action, the Committee owes it to the
campus to give specific reasons for such ac-
tions. Phrases such as "conduct unbecoming
a student" or "disturbing influence," have
no meaning. Should such phrases be the in-
dictment against the students it will only
add to the suspicions and injustices that
have beencarried out so far.
One University Dean has stated that he
hopes that a clarification of the rules re-
garding University property will come out
of the investigation. Such a clarification,
however, could be achieved more simply
and fairly by executive decision than by
the drawn out process of accusing students
of non-existent crimes.
DREW PEARSON:
City Bosses Fear Victory
By Sen. Kefauver's Forces
WASHINGTON-Naturally you can't get any of the Democratic
high command to admit it, but the frantic jockeying to sidetrack
Estes Kefauver largely boils down to a deep and frenzied fear on the
part of the big city bosses of having him where he could control the
Justice Department.
That's the reason why a lot of northern money is being sent
down to Florida, gambling money and otherwise, try to defeat
Kefauver with another Southerner - Russell of Georgia. It isn't
so much that certain Northern Democrats love Russell; it's that
they figure Florida is a key state to set back Kefauver.
To understand exactly what this means you have to understand
the cardinal strategy by which the Democratic party has won its
victories in recent years.
This strategy is to control the big city machines. Such control
does two things. First, it gives the party a huge block of votes to
lead off in any national election; second, the power and patronage
of the city machines is more important to some leaders than a national
victory.
That is why Washington has long witnessed the paradoxical posi-
tion of certain Brooklyn, Manhattan and Chicago congressmen who
consistently vote for liberal legislation in Washington, then go home
and vote conservative on local issues. What this means is that, in
return for their votes on national issues in Washington, these con-
gressmen and these city machines are given complete power at home.
CITY MACHINES AND JUSTICE
This complete power, however, depends on a friendly, cooperative
Jusitce Department. Without this, city machines cannot safely
operate. For part of their campaign revenue frequently comes from
gambling and underworld sources; so that any attorney general who
gets tough about the Corrupt Practices Act or income-tax prosecutions
automatically jeopardizes their business.
That was the real reason why Attorney General Frank Murphy
was boosted up to the Supreme Court when he got too tough with
the big city machines; and it is also why the Democratic leaders
of those machines are deathly afraid of a crime-buster named
Kefauver.
Likewise it is why Governor Fuller Warren of Florida is bitterly
opposed to Kefauver. For Kefauver helped expose the huge amounts
of gambling contributions which helped Warren get elected -a total
of $154,079 coming from Chicago's William H. Johnston, big-shot
owner of dog tracks who dominates dog races in the entire state of
Florida.
Protests over Murphy were somewhat similar to the protests
Calvin Coolidge received when his Attorney General, Harlan Fiske
Stone, started to prosecute the Aluminum Corporation of America
under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, despite the fact that the head
of Alcoa, Andrew W. Mellon, was sitting as Secretary of the
Treasury in the Coolidge cabinet.
The protests at that time came from big business, and Stone
promptly was promoted to the Supreme Court-even though he was
a very close friend and former Amherst classmate of Coolidge.
BOTH PARTIES COVET JUSTICE DEPARTMENT
Ever since shortly after the Civil War, when the once radical
Republican Party became the defender of business, its campaign
chests have received their main contributions from business. Simul-
taneously, the Democratic Party has received generous contributions
from certain shadowy figures who support the big city machines.
Jimmy Hines, the Tammany leader who later went to jail for
his underworld connections, attended the Democratic Convention
in Chicago when Franklin Roosevelt was first nominated, and
Frankie Costello, the gambling king was with him.
This gives an inkling of why certain leaders are so sore at
Kefauver. It also gives an inkling of why control of the Justice
Department is so important. In the case of the Democrats, they need
control of the Justice Department's criminal division which has the
power to put people in jail. In the case of the Republicans, they
hanker for control of the Anti-Trust division with its power to prose-
cute corporations.
KEFAUVER PROBED BOTH SIDES
The first Democrat since Frank Murphy who really disrupted
this unofficial alliance between the Justice Department and the big
city machines is the gentleman from Tennessee who is now running
for the Democratic nomination.
Kefauver had the nerve not only to push a crime investigation
through the Senate, but to probe such cities as Chicago and New
York just before elections.
Kefauver was urged by Democratic colleagues to concentrate on
Philadelphia, a city where crime was bad, but which was controlled
by Republicans. Instead he began with the President's own home-
Kansas City, then moved up to Democratic Chicago, and on to Demo-
cratic New York where he seriously embarrassed the ex-mayor of New
York, Democrat William O'Dwyer.
Ordinarily, party bosses don't shy away from a winner. On the
contrary, they rush in his direction. Results from all Democratic
primaries indicate that, measured in the terms politicians understand
best, hard cold votes, they have a possible winner in Kefauver. For
instance, total Democratic votes cast in all primaries prior to this week
is 1,417,660, out of which Kefauver has won 1,124,804 or about 80 per
cent.
Here is the break-down:
Democratic votes ...........................1,417,660
Kefauver........................................1,124,804
Michigras..*.
To the Editor:
HIS YEAR'S MICHIGRAS was
an impressive one and the
admirable quest for originality
pleased one and all. Indeed, at-
tainment of an original effect
seemed to be the dominant and
most praiseworthy keynote of
many of the booths. Two notable
booths exhibited a most lofty re-
finement of taste and a basic hu-
manity which attained the heights
of sublimity. One booth consis-
tently attracted a great and select
group of enthusiastic though gen-
teel sportslovers with a fascinat-
ing game in which one was to
throw rings around the heads of
seven picturesquely swimming
ducks. Unfortunately, the game
lost much of its vitality and lustre
towards the end of the evening due
to the regrettable fact that the
ducks, for some strange reason,
lost their vigorous sprightliness
and soon became far too easy a
target for the eager participants.
Another booth, a "Hall of Won-
ders," kept true to both its name
and the glorious quest for origi-
nality by its exhibition of live
chickens against a wire screen. A
unique variety was introduced in-
to this act with in-between ses-
sions of a most laudable tearing
out of feathers with the wild-man's
teeth. It was unfortunate that this
act also became less effective due
to the regrettable indirect propor-
tion existing between the number
of times the chickens were thrown
against the screen and their ori-
ginal pristine vitality. In spite of
the somewhat inconsiderate lack
of cooperation among the animals,
both booths triumphed, one re-
ceiving first prize, and the other
up there with the best of them in
monetary acquisition.
It is truly admirable that four
years of higher education have im-
bued our glorious intelligentsia
with such a high and moral atti-
tude towards the entertainment of
their fellow students with such an
admirable representation of the
value and dignity of life. It is to
be hoped that this trend in enter-
tainment will continue in all cam-
pus activities for the edification
of both students and townspeo-
ple.
-Kenneth L. Becker
* * * ~
Apologia .. .
To the Editor:
UPON RECONSIDERING my
previous letter (The Daily,
April 25), I am disturbed by its
rather harsh tone. For this harsh-
ness I apologize.
Frankly, I was angry when I
wrote it and my girl friend, whose
temperament is milder than mine,
was not around to bluepencil it for
me. I was, and am still, moved
deeply when I contemplate the at-
titudes and actions of man, the
Rebel, in the presence of God, his
Maker; of man, in the embrace of
illusion, who will not take God at
his word; of man, in need of for-
giveness now as much as ever in
the past, who nonetheless forgets
the Father of all Mercies.
We cry for righteousness and do
not realize that "righteousness
standeth afar off ... for TRUTH
is fallen in the street" (Isaiah
59:14).
-John Vriend
,1,W *
IFC Ball ...
To the Editor:
TODAY, QUITE by accident, it
was brought to my attention
that the date of the Inter-frater-
nity Council Ball has been chang-
ed from Friday, May 9, 1952 to Sat-
urday, May 17, 1952 because of
contract difficulties with the
Ralph Flanagan Band.
It is now approximately one
week before the proposed dance of
the ninth of May, and as yet there
have not been any notices or ad-
OSTENSIBLY, there have been a number of complaints registered I
by students unappreciative of the Univesity's decision to hike
tuition rates (by $15 in non-professional schools and by $5 to $75 in
other schools).
To the sentimental alumnus who got by with $10 per semester
back in 1875, a $90 or $350 tuition fee would be regarded as pre-
posterous. But before the disgruntled initiate a pamphleteering
campaign, it might be wise to consider the University's irrevocable
position.
No doubt it is painful for University officials to request a raise in
tuition. The consequences of the move could easily affect next fall's
enrollment. And, perhaps it will inflict some hardship on students in
the lower income brackets.
The Administration, however, had no choice in the matter. Haunt-
ed by increased salary scales, increased cost of fuel, maintenance, and
other supplies, University officials were faced with a grave deficit for
the 1952-53 school year.
The $1,600,000 slash in the University operating budget by the
economy-minded legislature left University officials with the prospect
of lowering the proverbial standards ascribed to this institution. Jack-
ing-up tuition rates was the only reasonable, though unfortunate, way
of maintaining these standards.
Better to protest inflation.
-Cal Samra
ettei/ TO THE EDITOR
The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of
general interest,"and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer
and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or
libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will
be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the
editors.
mittee should be quickly remedied.
The students should have been
informed of the corrected date of
the dance as soon as the date was
changed. This irresponsibility on
the part of the committee has
caused confusion and chaos among
the University students who had
planned to attend the dance on the
publicized date.
May I suggest that in order to
rectify this condition immediate
advertisements should be posted
around campus concerning the
corrected date of the Inter-frater-
nity Council Ball.
--Donald Ferguson
'Monstrous' Germans . .
To the Editor:
AS ANYBODY will readily admit
the creation of a Western al-
liance with a US-Western Euro-
pean army as a necessary manifes-
tation constitutes one of the most
important political tasks at the
present time. Many sincere poli-
ticians in this country as well as
in Europe are working on its re-
alization, and most of the people
of all countries concerned are will-
ing to contribute to it, even if it
may mean great sacrifices,-any-
thing, to prevent another war. The
prerequisite of such an alliance is
mutual trust and good will, in in-
ter-human and international rela-
tions.
Does it seem necessary or timely
to portray the Germans in "Afri-
can Queen" in such a monstrous
stereotyped manner, notwithstand-
ing the fact that such types may
have existed? At,present however
Germany is engaged in the task of
moral as well as material recon-
struction. Unfortunately these ef-
forts receive ever so little publici-
ty. Surely the superb acting of
Katharine Hepburn and Humph-
rey Bogart in itself called for the
Academy Award; the war-scenes,
far-fetched and left-overs of war-
time propaganda seemed to us
rather to distract than to add to
the quality of the picture.
Furthermore, the influence of
such a film goes beyond the Ameri-
can sphere since American movies
constitute about 50% of all pic-
tures shown in Europe. Charac-
terizations of such a nature, even
if meant to be comical, are most
influential and are bound to uh-
dermine gradually developing feel-
ings of mutual trust.
We did not read or hear com-
ments in this regard, or did your
critical statement of the story be-
ing "weak" imply this?
--Dr. Magdalene Denzel
-Dr. Marlies von Hattingberg
u1l
'The Male Animal'
TONIGHT SL Cinema Guild will show the
motion picture version of "The Male
Animal." And there is something ironical
about it.
The story revolves about a University
professor who has casually mentioned to
the editor of the college magazine that he
intends to read a letter to his class. The
letter had been written by a convicted and
executed anarchist who died for an ideal.
The young editor writes an editorial in
which the academic interest of the professor
is represented as a step in a crusade for
serious play, and today at the University
of Michigan it is even funnier and even
more serious because it is so close; be-
cause 1940 and 1952 are not after all so
different; and because we too much laugh
at our predicament since we can do noth-
ing else.
The movie that will be shown tonight is
worth seeing, partly because it is a good
picture and partly because it seems that
on University property the only way we canl
hear a message is in a comedy.
Sixty-Second Year
Edited and managed by students of
the University of Michigan under the
authority of the Board in Control of
Student Publications.
Editorial Staff
Chuck Elliott ........Managing Editor
Bob Keith .................. City Editor
Leonard Greenbaum, Editorial Director
Vern Emerson ..........Feature Editor
Ron Watts .............Associate Editor
Bob Vaughn ...........Associate Editor
Ted Papes . . ..............Sports Editor
George Flint ....Associate Sports Editor
Jim Parker .....Associate Sports Editor
Jan James .............Women's Editor
Jo Ketelhut, Associate Women's Editor
Business Staff
Bob Miller ...........Business Manager
Gene Kuthy, Assoc. Business Manager
Charles Cuson ....Advertising Manager
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