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CIVIL LIBERTIES
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CLOUDY AND COLD
Latest Deadline in the State
('LOUDY AND COLD
VOL. LXII, No. 68 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1951
SIX PAGES
SIX PAGES
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RELIGIOUS SURVEY:
A'
Hindu Culture
Has ManySects
By RICH THOMAS
Daily Associate Editor
Properly speaking, Hinduism is no more a specific religion than
is Christianity.
Both are actually cultures, founded on a few basic beliefs which
are subscribed to by a majority of their members and within which
many differing religious denominations exist. The origin of the term
"Hindu" itself bears this out.
* * * *
SEVERAL THOUSAND years ago the Indus river, flowing across
Northwest India, was known in Sanskrit as the "Sindu." Since the
"s" in Sanskrit is pronounced as "h" in Western tongues, the peoples
living beyond the Sindu river were known in Europe as Hindu's. And,
although the term has continued in use, it is improper to use it to
describe a religious faith, for within the Hindu culture are numerous
denominations. Among the more important are Jainism, Buddhism,
Sikhism, Aryasamajism and Sanatandharmism.
Surendra K. Jain, an Indian student on the campus who is
the chief source of information for this article, is himself a Jainist.
And although Buddhism is probably better known than is the
faith of Jam, the following outline of religious beliefs pertains to
Jainism, and is Surendra Jam's own interpretation.
Most of the Hindu religions, according to Jain, have a great deal
in common. They are all highly mystical, individualistic and subjective
and they are all quite old and have never been subject to a high
degree of organization as has Roman Catholicism.
THE RESULT has been an intermingling and interchange of be-
lief and doctrine which has created a great deal of religious tolerance
in every Hindu. Each Hindu believes that there are many.roads to
God and that it doesn't matter what road an individual takes. As a
consequence, there is no effort on the part of any of the major religions
to proselytize. Indeed, even if there was the will to do so, there would'
not be a way, since in Jainism there is no such thing as a priest or
regular holy man and there is no national central organiation and
even very little organization at the single temple level.
A Jainist temple is built and maintained in some manner
as this: a group of Jainists get together and decide to build a t
temple. After it is built, one or two of the group volunteer to see;
that it Is kept in repair. Weekly services may or may not be held,c
depending upon the desires of the group. Whenever services are
held, however, there is no real organization of holy men who
conduct them, and usually someone of the group volunteers and
leads the worship. This, of course, is only a rough outline, but it
graphically illustrates the high degree of individualism of the t
~'faith.
The traditional Hindu dietary habits, observed by nearly everyone
throughout the entire culture, and their most obvious ramification--
the idea of the sacred cow, illustrates further the interadoption of
doctrine among the religions.
According to Jam, the idea originated several thousand years
ago in the teachings of Krishna, who is worshiped as a god by one
Hindu sect, who is considered as a prophet by others, and who is
looked upon as just another teacher by the Jainists.
Krishna saw that the Indian economy was agricultural, and thatn
its prosperity was dependent upon oxen and bullocks. These beastss
furnished all the means of transport and soil cultivation. Yet thet
Hindu's at the time treated their animals and especially the cows,
without whom there would be no oxen, very roughly. In an attempt, 1
therefore, to induce the Hindu's to treat their cows better, Krishna-
appealed to man's religious instincts by arguing something like this:
When you are born, your mother gives you milk so that you can
grow. You also drink the milk of the cow, so isn't she your mother 3
also? Therefore, if you take good care of your mother, why not take J
good care of your cow?
* * * *
FROM THESE BEGINNINGS in Krishna, although he himself p
has never been accepted as even a prophet by many faiths, arose the o
Hindu tradition of the sacred cow. The acceptance of this tradition, a
and the dietary habit of not eating meat and especially beef, is facili-C
tated by and ramifies the most basic in Hindu belief. In order to
a
examine these beliefs, it will first be necessary to consider the Jainist a
concept of man, God and the universe. And here again, the individuali-p
c
ty of the Jainist faith must be understood, since Jain's interpretations
may differ very widely from those of another of his religion.
First of all, is the idea that nothing is, or can be, created or
destroyed. This concept applies to both matter and soul, the two
basic elements of reality. Matter (i.e. the corporeal universe) and
souls are coexistent. Both come from, and go into infinity. The only
thing that happens to either is change. Man's body, for instance, a
See RELIGIOUS, Page 4N
An Editorial
. . .
-Daily-Bruce Knoll
UNDERWORLD VISITOR-Ann Henderson. '53, vainly tries to
escape a "MEM" emerging early yesterday from the University
steam tunnel. Dozens of MEMs will reportedly stalk their victims
on campus today.
MEMs To Seek Victims
In U' InvasiOn Today
Dozens of MEMs will stalk viC- of Angell Hall and in the lobby of
tims as they run roughshod over the Business Administration build-
the University campus today. ing.
Last night, Michiganensian Pro- "Prices for the 1952 'Ensian will
motions Manager Gordy Hyde, '54, be hiked 10 per cent Dec. 21," he
confessed that "MEM Day" was a warned.
brainchild of his department, but-
declined to reveal the meaning of
the final "M" in "MEM." ISL To Take
"Students will find out whenj
The Interfraternity Council last night threw out its
last pretense at legislating discriminatory clauses from
fraternity constitutions.
After three years of continually putting off ac-
tion but always asking that the campus have faith
in fraternity integrity, the IFC brought anti-bias leg-
islation to a complete standstill.
In making its decision, the IFC completely disre-
garded the report of the study committee that it set up
in cooperation with Student Legislature. The committee
had recommended that fraternities that did not remove
their bias clauses be denied recognition by IFC.
IFC not only removed all pressure from the indi-
vidual houses but also re-emphasized the affiliated theory
that sororities and fraternities live in their own small
world apart from the regulations of the University.
Fraternities, by passing the motion to take off
pressure, have indicated that the majority of them
refuse to accept any authority larger than their indi-
vidual groups.
In acting as they did, they even tore the guts out
of their own IFC as a legislative organization. House
presidents may still have discussion meetings, and, when
that palls, perhaps IFC will disappear altogether.
..t. ...
Legislation is needed to clear the campus fraternal
groups of restrictive clauses. We have seen such striking
and well-ordered attem'pts as the Student Legislature-
Student Affairs Committee actions smothered by the
Administration, and have heard the IFC claiming that
they would carry on the fight.
Now, we are treated to the spectacle of the IFC
backing not only away from the problem but also
into a state of virtual impotence.
All during the dispute the IFC maintained that
anti-bias clause legislation was their business, and not
that of the SL. By their action last night, they have
shown that they are not capable of dealing with the
matter.
Once again, it is up to the SL. This time, the field
is clear.
--The Senior Editors
ri
f.
THE ACTION, which now becomes official IFC policy, was taken
they go to their 'classes today," he
said. "There will be MEMs all over
campus, so no one should miss
seeing them."
* . *
ACCORDING TO Hyde, MEMs
will be seen en masse in front of
the library at noon today. They
will also hold coffee hours at 10
a.m. and 3 p.m. in a State Street
confectionar'y.
"MEMs will terrorize the stu-
dent body in dorm dining rooms,
classroom buildings, fraternity
and sorority houses, on the dia-
gonal - in fact everywhere,"
Hyde promised.
Dave Palmer, '52, 'Ensian sales
manager, announced a special
sales campaign today in conjunc-
tion with MEM Day.
Booths will be located all day
ong at the Engine Arch, in front
Petition1n1l g Opel)
For Union Opera
There will be a meeting at 8
p.m. today in the Union for any-
ne interested in working on the
administrative end of the Union
Opera.
Positions are open to both men
and women on the promotions,
osters, programs and production
ommittees.
'GaP)'LefO toes
A few day-old Gargoyles are still
vailable at the Student Publica-
ions Bldg., 422 Maynard, and
t a few campus bookstores, Peg
rimz, managing editor said.
Over Book
Exchaiige
f
Student Legislature last night
voted unanimously to pick up the
student book exchange, which had
been abandoned last week by the
Inter Fraternity Council.
The Legislature adopted without
opposition a motion by Keith
Beers, '52E, providing that SL take
over the book exchange, and dele-
gating to the Campus Action Com-
mittee the responsibility for mak-
ing the necessary administrative
arrangements.
MEANWHILE, the Union Board
of Directors had agreed to study
tthe feasibility of undertaking the
project next fall, if SL turned it
down.
However, Union president
John Kathe indicated that, as
long as the Legislatureewas con-
tent to sponsor the exchange,
the Union would let the matter
rest.
Beers, in presenting the case for
his motion, declared that the book
exchange was "a good bet for SL.
We can pick it up and expand it."
POINTING OUT that one of the
major flaws in the former set-up
was an unfavorable location in the
third floor of the Union, Beers
indicated that SL would work
towards finding a better campus
site.
Also at last night's meeting,
the National Student Associa-
tion Student Bill of Rights was
adopted with one dissenting
vote.
Cliff Mitts, '54, attacked several
articles of the Bill as ambiguously
worded, implying protection of the
rights of subversive groups.
However, president Len Wilcox
left the chair to point out that the
NSA intended in no way to recom-
mend violation of any state or
federal laws-and groups who ad-
vocate the violent overthrow of
the government are outlawed.
Students To Take
Deferment Test
Joint Committee
Report Rejected
Clause Removal Left to Houses;
'Educational' Pro gram Stressed
By BARNES CONNABLE
The Interfraternity Council last night abandoned the idea of ap-
plying pressure on an estimated 14 campus fraternities for removal
of discriminatory clauses in their constitutions.
In a stormy meeting, the House Presidents Assembly passed a
resolution leaving the question of elimination of the clauses up to
individual fraternities themselves.
by a 22 to 17 vote.c
In submitting the motion as a
recommendation by the IFC Ex-
ecutive Committee, IFC Presi-
dent Jack Smart, '5Z, said the
Committee had rejected a re-
verse proposal of the IFC-Stu-
dent Legislature study group set
up last October.
SThestudy eommittee had ad-
vanced virtually the same resolu-
tion passed by the House Presi-
dents in Nov.. 1950 calling for
withdrawal of IFC recognition
from fraternities with bias clauses,
should they fail to submit and back
motions at national conventions
for getting the clauses removed.
This resolution was wiped from
the books earlier this fall.
*# * *k
LAST NIGHT'S action was
based on a proposal submitted by
Acacia fraternity to the IFC-SL
study group. The study committee
had unanimously rejected it.
The resolution states that ac-
tion towards the removal of
clauses "i the private business
of fraternities with such clauses
and that it is not within the
scope of IFC to deny recognition
to a fraternity with such a
clause."
Favoring the absence of "any
coercive threat," the motion states
that "IFC feels it is within its
scope to assist any fraternities
wishing to remove their discrimi-
natory clauses by providing a
counseling and information service
to such fraternities.
* * *
STRONG objections on pro-
cedural grounds were registered at
the heated session by Bill McIn-
tyre, '52, Phi Gamma Delta presi-
dent. McIntyre, a member of the
study committee, attacked the Ex-
ecutive Committee for "disregard-
ing completely the work of the
IFC-SL group by failing to fully
inform the presidents of its recom-
mendation."
Although the study group's
proposal was interpreted briefly
by McIntyre and Stan Goodwin,
'53, chairman of the group, no
printed copies were available for
those at the meeting.
While substantially favoring the
reinstatement of the Nov., 1950 ac-
tion, the study committee's recom-
mendation went on further to de-
fine withdrawal of IFC recogni-
tion as "the loss of all fraternity
privileges which are regulated by
the IFC."
This would include termination
of rushing. Any violations after
loss of recognition would invite
University sanctions, according to
McIntyre.
In an official IFC statement,
Smart contended that the ac-
tion was "the fairest and most
constructive policy regarding the
removal of discriminatory
clauses."
"While it is firmly in favor of
the removal of such clauses, the
IFC feels that the initiative of the
individual houses rather than co-
ercive measures by the IFC is the
suitable method to correct the sit-
uation."
THOSE voting for the proposal
represented: Acacia, Alpha Sigma
Phi, Alpha Tau Omega, Beta The-
ta Pi, Chi Phi, Chi Psi, Delta Sig-
ma Phi, Delta Upsilon, Lambda
Chi Alpha, Phi Delta Theta and
Phi Kappa Psi.
The list continues with Phi Kap-
**
SL 'Regrets'
IFC's B ias
Resolution
By CRAWFORD YOUNG
Reacting swiftly to the Inter
Fraternity Council bias action,
Student Legislature expressed "re-
gret" over the decision and moved
to reconsider the issue on its own
late last night.
Quickly suspending the rules of
procedure on the agenda, when the
news of IFC passage of the so-
called Acacia proposal arrived, SL
passed by a 25-4 count a motion
by vice president Bob Baker, in-
structing the Human Relations
Committee to "prepare such re-
commendations as it deems appro-
priate to effect existing policies of
the Legislature regarding discri-
mination."
THE COMMITTEE will swing
into action almost immediately. A
meeting will be held at 4:15 p.m.
tomorrow.
Rog Wilkins, Human Rela-
tions Committee chairman and
one of three SL representatives
on the joint study committee,
reported to the Legislature what
had taken place at the IFC
meeting.
"The IFC felt the study commit-
tee report 'inadequate'," he said.
"I'm quite disappointed that the
IFC saw fit to reject without just
consideration our motion, then
went on to substitute an ineffec-
tual measure of its own."
BAKER labelled his motion a
"protest" to the IFC action. "The
IFC motion says little, does prac-
tically nothing," he declared in
support of his proposal.
He pointed to the SL motion
of October 9, stating that SL
"reaffirmed its policy that dis-
criminatory clauseshshould be
eliminated from the constitu-
tions of approved campus organ-
izations."
"We passed the ball to IFC, and
they dropped it," he said. It's up to
SL to again pick up the anti-bias
clause fight, Baker added,
FORMER legislator Bill McIn-
tyre, a fraternity president and an
IFC representative on the joint
study committee, was given special
speaking privileges to give a de-
tailed report of the IFC action.
McIntyre expressed disap-
pointment that the house presi-
dents would vote without getting
a mandate from their houses to
reject a motion which had been
under intensive study for two
months. "This indicates they
went into the meeting with
closed minds," he said.
He pointed out that all presi-
dents of houses with clauses had
been consulted, as much research
as necessary had been done and
that the committee had been
meeting at least once a week for
a two-month period.
However, the IFC Executive
Council didn't even bother to print
up the lengthy resolution, he
stressed. "And yet I feel it was a
reasonable compromise which
would have satisfied all groups
concerned."
1
world News Roundup
L-
-1
By The Associated Press
SEOUL, Korea, Thursday, Dec. 13-American sabre jets shot down
at least three Communist MIG-15S and damaged another in a swirl-
ling air battle over North Korea today, the U.S. Fifth Air Force said.
It was the most destructive air battle since Dec. 5, when five
MIGs were shot down and five damaged,
There was no report of any Allied losses.
The air action came on the heels of the biggest Allied ground
offensive since the twilight war started two weeks ago.
An Allied raiding party supported by tanks Wednesday rammed
into Communist positions south of Panmunjom.
In a seven hour battle, some of it bitter hand-to-hand combat,
the UN troops killed an estimated 51 Reds.
CAIRO-Egypt still hesitated yesterday about withdrawing
her ambassador from London.
Acting Foreign Minister Ibrahim Farag Pasha told reporters
the "question of diplomatic relations with Britain" was being re-
viewed by the legal department of his ministry and "nothing has
been decided" pending the completion of a memorandum it is
preparing,
4 * - -
TEHRAN, Iran-Fighting priests, anti-British and anti-Soviet
demonstrations and legislative sit-downs against the government last
night swelled Iran's turmoil over the paralysis of her big oil industry.
At the same time Mossadegh gave Iran's old western customers
until Dec. 22 to buy her oil on her terms or run the risk of letting the
Soviet bloc get it.
* * * *
LONDON-A near-bankrupt Britain intends to honor in full
the capital and interest payments due on United States and
Canadian loans by the end of the year, a government official said
yesterday.
WASHINGTON-Secret top-level conferences indicated yesterday
that President Truman is preparing some dramatic move in an effort
I 1\.
IN BOTH DIRECTIONS:
Survey Changes Bias Ideas
i
r (EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the third
in a series of articles dealing with the
findings of the survey on attitudes
of fraternity men concerning admis-
sion of minority members. The sur-
vey was corducted by the Research
Center for Group Dynamics at the
request of the Inter-Fraternity Coun-
cil.)
By CRAWFORD YOUNG
and HARLAND BRITZ
shift towards "admit"
towards "don't admit.".
than
THE SURVEY also showed that
those who attended the feedbacks
changed their ideas more than did
those who were absent.
This data does not include
minority group houses.
the meetings, did not change
their opinions.
Again for Jews, 23 per cent of
those attending became less will-
ing to admit while 26 per cent of
the absentees became less willing.
TWENTY-THREE per cent of
those present became more willing