t43t :4a iti r CIVIL LIBERTIES See Page 4 CLOUDY AND COLD Latest Deadline in the State ('LOUDY AND COLD VOL. LXII, No. 68 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1951 SIX PAGES SIX PAGES I- c S i SS RELIGIOUS SURVEY: A' Hindu Culture Has ManySects By RICH THOMAS Daily Associate Editor Properly speaking, Hinduism is no more a specific religion than is Christianity. Both are actually cultures, founded on a few basic beliefs which are subscribed to by a majority of their members and within which many differing religious denominations exist. The origin of the term "Hindu" itself bears this out. * * * * SEVERAL THOUSAND years ago the Indus river, flowing across Northwest India, was known in Sanskrit as the "Sindu." Since the "s" in Sanskrit is pronounced as "h" in Western tongues, the peoples living beyond the Sindu river were known in Europe as Hindu's. And, although the term has continued in use, it is improper to use it to describe a religious faith, for within the Hindu culture are numerous denominations. Among the more important are Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Aryasamajism and Sanatandharmism. Surendra K. Jain, an Indian student on the campus who is the chief source of information for this article, is himself a Jainist. And although Buddhism is probably better known than is the faith of Jam, the following outline of religious beliefs pertains to Jainism, and is Surendra Jam's own interpretation. Most of the Hindu religions, according to Jain, have a great deal in common. They are all highly mystical, individualistic and subjective and they are all quite old and have never been subject to a high degree of organization as has Roman Catholicism. THE RESULT has been an intermingling and interchange of be- lief and doctrine which has created a great deal of religious tolerance in every Hindu. Each Hindu believes that there are many.roads to God and that it doesn't matter what road an individual takes. As a consequence, there is no effort on the part of any of the major religions to proselytize. Indeed, even if there was the will to do so, there would' not be a way, since in Jainism there is no such thing as a priest or regular holy man and there is no national central organiation and even very little organization at the single temple level. A Jainist temple is built and maintained in some manner as this: a group of Jainists get together and decide to build a t temple. After it is built, one or two of the group volunteer to see; that it Is kept in repair. Weekly services may or may not be held,c depending upon the desires of the group. Whenever services are held, however, there is no real organization of holy men who conduct them, and usually someone of the group volunteers and leads the worship. This, of course, is only a rough outline, but it graphically illustrates the high degree of individualism of the t ~'faith. The traditional Hindu dietary habits, observed by nearly everyone throughout the entire culture, and their most obvious ramification-- the idea of the sacred cow, illustrates further the interadoption of doctrine among the religions. According to Jam, the idea originated several thousand years ago in the teachings of Krishna, who is worshiped as a god by one Hindu sect, who is considered as a prophet by others, and who is looked upon as just another teacher by the Jainists. Krishna saw that the Indian economy was agricultural, and thatn its prosperity was dependent upon oxen and bullocks. These beastss furnished all the means of transport and soil cultivation. Yet thet Hindu's at the time treated their animals and especially the cows, without whom there would be no oxen, very roughly. In an attempt, 1 therefore, to induce the Hindu's to treat their cows better, Krishna- appealed to man's religious instincts by arguing something like this: When you are born, your mother gives you milk so that you can grow. You also drink the milk of the cow, so isn't she your mother 3 also? Therefore, if you take good care of your mother, why not take J good care of your cow? * * * * FROM THESE BEGINNINGS in Krishna, although he himself p has never been accepted as even a prophet by many faiths, arose the o Hindu tradition of the sacred cow. The acceptance of this tradition, a and the dietary habit of not eating meat and especially beef, is facili-C tated by and ramifies the most basic in Hindu belief. In order to a examine these beliefs, it will first be necessary to consider the Jainist a concept of man, God and the universe. And here again, the individuali-p c ty of the Jainist faith must be understood, since Jain's interpretations may differ very widely from those of another of his religion. First of all, is the idea that nothing is, or can be, created or destroyed. This concept applies to both matter and soul, the two basic elements of reality. Matter (i.e. the corporeal universe) and souls are coexistent. Both come from, and go into infinity. The only thing that happens to either is change. Man's body, for instance, a See RELIGIOUS, Page 4N An Editorial . . . -Daily-Bruce Knoll UNDERWORLD VISITOR-Ann Henderson. '53, vainly tries to escape a "MEM" emerging early yesterday from the University steam tunnel. Dozens of MEMs will reportedly stalk their victims on campus today. MEMs To Seek Victims In U' InvasiOn Today Dozens of MEMs will stalk viC- of Angell Hall and in the lobby of tims as they run roughshod over the Business Administration build- the University campus today. ing. Last night, Michiganensian Pro- "Prices for the 1952 'Ensian will motions Manager Gordy Hyde, '54, be hiked 10 per cent Dec. 21," he confessed that "MEM Day" was a warned. brainchild of his department, but- declined to reveal the meaning of the final "M" in "MEM." ISL To Take "Students will find out whenj The Interfraternity Council last night threw out its last pretense at legislating discriminatory clauses from fraternity constitutions. After three years of continually putting off ac- tion but always asking that the campus have faith in fraternity integrity, the IFC brought anti-bias leg- islation to a complete standstill. In making its decision, the IFC completely disre- garded the report of the study committee that it set up in cooperation with Student Legislature. The committee had recommended that fraternities that did not remove their bias clauses be denied recognition by IFC. IFC not only removed all pressure from the indi- vidual houses but also re-emphasized the affiliated theory that sororities and fraternities live in their own small world apart from the regulations of the University. Fraternities, by passing the motion to take off pressure, have indicated that the majority of them refuse to accept any authority larger than their indi- vidual groups. In acting as they did, they even tore the guts out of their own IFC as a legislative organization. House presidents may still have discussion meetings, and, when that palls, perhaps IFC will disappear altogether. ..t. ... Legislation is needed to clear the campus fraternal groups of restrictive clauses. We have seen such striking and well-ordered attem'pts as the Student Legislature- Student Affairs Committee actions smothered by the Administration, and have heard the IFC claiming that they would carry on the fight. Now, we are treated to the spectacle of the IFC backing not only away from the problem but also into a state of virtual impotence. All during the dispute the IFC maintained that anti-bias clause legislation was their business, and not that of the SL. By their action last night, they have shown that they are not capable of dealing with the matter. Once again, it is up to the SL. This time, the field is clear. --The Senior Editors ri f. THE ACTION, which now becomes official IFC policy, was taken they go to their 'classes today," he said. "There will be MEMs all over campus, so no one should miss seeing them." * . * ACCORDING TO Hyde, MEMs will be seen en masse in front of the library at noon today. They will also hold coffee hours at 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. in a State Street confectionar'y. "MEMs will terrorize the stu- dent body in dorm dining rooms, classroom buildings, fraternity and sorority houses, on the dia- gonal - in fact everywhere," Hyde promised. Dave Palmer, '52, 'Ensian sales manager, announced a special sales campaign today in conjunc- tion with MEM Day. Booths will be located all day ong at the Engine Arch, in front Petition1n1l g Opel) For Union Opera There will be a meeting at 8 p.m. today in the Union for any- ne interested in working on the administrative end of the Union Opera. Positions are open to both men and women on the promotions, osters, programs and production ommittees. 'GaP)'LefO toes A few day-old Gargoyles are still vailable at the Student Publica- ions Bldg., 422 Maynard, and t a few campus bookstores, Peg rimz, managing editor said. Over Book Exchaiige f Student Legislature last night voted unanimously to pick up the student book exchange, which had been abandoned last week by the Inter Fraternity Council. The Legislature adopted without opposition a motion by Keith Beers, '52E, providing that SL take over the book exchange, and dele- gating to the Campus Action Com- mittee the responsibility for mak- ing the necessary administrative arrangements. MEANWHILE, the Union Board of Directors had agreed to study tthe feasibility of undertaking the project next fall, if SL turned it down. However, Union president John Kathe indicated that, as long as the Legislatureewas con- tent to sponsor the exchange, the Union would let the matter rest. Beers, in presenting the case for his motion, declared that the book exchange was "a good bet for SL. We can pick it up and expand it." POINTING OUT that one of the major flaws in the former set-up was an unfavorable location in the third floor of the Union, Beers indicated that SL would work towards finding a better campus site. Also at last night's meeting, the National Student Associa- tion Student Bill of Rights was adopted with one dissenting vote. Cliff Mitts, '54, attacked several articles of the Bill as ambiguously worded, implying protection of the rights of subversive groups. However, president Len Wilcox left the chair to point out that the NSA intended in no way to recom- mend violation of any state or federal laws-and groups who ad- vocate the violent overthrow of the government are outlawed. Students To Take Deferment Test Joint Committee Report Rejected Clause Removal Left to Houses; 'Educational' Pro gram Stressed By BARNES CONNABLE The Interfraternity Council last night abandoned the idea of ap- plying pressure on an estimated 14 campus fraternities for removal of discriminatory clauses in their constitutions. In a stormy meeting, the House Presidents Assembly passed a resolution leaving the question of elimination of the clauses up to individual fraternities themselves. by a 22 to 17 vote.c In submitting the motion as a recommendation by the IFC Ex- ecutive Committee, IFC Presi- dent Jack Smart, '5Z, said the Committee had rejected a re- verse proposal of the IFC-Stu- dent Legislature study group set up last October. SThestudy eommittee had ad- vanced virtually the same resolu- tion passed by the House Presi- dents in Nov.. 1950 calling for withdrawal of IFC recognition from fraternities with bias clauses, should they fail to submit and back motions at national conventions for getting the clauses removed. This resolution was wiped from the books earlier this fall. *# * *k LAST NIGHT'S action was based on a proposal submitted by Acacia fraternity to the IFC-SL study group. The study committee had unanimously rejected it. The resolution states that ac- tion towards the removal of clauses "i the private business of fraternities with such clauses and that it is not within the scope of IFC to deny recognition to a fraternity with such a clause." Favoring the absence of "any coercive threat," the motion states that "IFC feels it is within its scope to assist any fraternities wishing to remove their discrimi- natory clauses by providing a counseling and information service to such fraternities. * * * STRONG objections on pro- cedural grounds were registered at the heated session by Bill McIn- tyre, '52, Phi Gamma Delta presi- dent. McIntyre, a member of the study committee, attacked the Ex- ecutive Committee for "disregard- ing completely the work of the IFC-SL group by failing to fully inform the presidents of its recom- mendation." Although the study group's proposal was interpreted briefly by McIntyre and Stan Goodwin, '53, chairman of the group, no printed copies were available for those at the meeting. While substantially favoring the reinstatement of the Nov., 1950 ac- tion, the study committee's recom- mendation went on further to de- fine withdrawal of IFC recogni- tion as "the loss of all fraternity privileges which are regulated by the IFC." This would include termination of rushing. Any violations after loss of recognition would invite University sanctions, according to McIntyre. In an official IFC statement, Smart contended that the ac- tion was "the fairest and most constructive policy regarding the removal of discriminatory clauses." "While it is firmly in favor of the removal of such clauses, the IFC feels that the initiative of the individual houses rather than co- ercive measures by the IFC is the suitable method to correct the sit- uation." THOSE voting for the proposal represented: Acacia, Alpha Sigma Phi, Alpha Tau Omega, Beta The- ta Pi, Chi Phi, Chi Psi, Delta Sig- ma Phi, Delta Upsilon, Lambda Chi Alpha, Phi Delta Theta and Phi Kappa Psi. The list continues with Phi Kap- ** SL 'Regrets' IFC's B ias Resolution By CRAWFORD YOUNG Reacting swiftly to the Inter Fraternity Council bias action, Student Legislature expressed "re- gret" over the decision and moved to reconsider the issue on its own late last night. Quickly suspending the rules of procedure on the agenda, when the news of IFC passage of the so- called Acacia proposal arrived, SL passed by a 25-4 count a motion by vice president Bob Baker, in- structing the Human Relations Committee to "prepare such re- commendations as it deems appro- priate to effect existing policies of the Legislature regarding discri- mination." THE COMMITTEE will swing into action almost immediately. A meeting will be held at 4:15 p.m. tomorrow. Rog Wilkins, Human Rela- tions Committee chairman and one of three SL representatives on the joint study committee, reported to the Legislature what had taken place at the IFC meeting. "The IFC felt the study commit- tee report 'inadequate'," he said. "I'm quite disappointed that the IFC saw fit to reject without just consideration our motion, then went on to substitute an ineffec- tual measure of its own." BAKER labelled his motion a "protest" to the IFC action. "The IFC motion says little, does prac- tically nothing," he declared in support of his proposal. He pointed to the SL motion of October 9, stating that SL "reaffirmed its policy that dis- criminatory clauseshshould be eliminated from the constitu- tions of approved campus organ- izations." "We passed the ball to IFC, and they dropped it," he said. It's up to SL to again pick up the anti-bias clause fight, Baker added, FORMER legislator Bill McIn- tyre, a fraternity president and an IFC representative on the joint study committee, was given special speaking privileges to give a de- tailed report of the IFC action. McIntyre expressed disap- pointment that the house presi- dents would vote without getting a mandate from their houses to reject a motion which had been under intensive study for two months. "This indicates they went into the meeting with closed minds," he said. He pointed out that all presi- dents of houses with clauses had been consulted, as much research as necessary had been done and that the committee had been meeting at least once a week for a two-month period. However, the IFC Executive Council didn't even bother to print up the lengthy resolution, he stressed. "And yet I feel it was a reasonable compromise which would have satisfied all groups concerned." 1 world News Roundup L- -1 By The Associated Press SEOUL, Korea, Thursday, Dec. 13-American sabre jets shot down at least three Communist MIG-15S and damaged another in a swirl- ling air battle over North Korea today, the U.S. Fifth Air Force said. It was the most destructive air battle since Dec. 5, when five MIGs were shot down and five damaged, There was no report of any Allied losses. The air action came on the heels of the biggest Allied ground offensive since the twilight war started two weeks ago. An Allied raiding party supported by tanks Wednesday rammed into Communist positions south of Panmunjom. In a seven hour battle, some of it bitter hand-to-hand combat, the UN troops killed an estimated 51 Reds. CAIRO-Egypt still hesitated yesterday about withdrawing her ambassador from London. Acting Foreign Minister Ibrahim Farag Pasha told reporters the "question of diplomatic relations with Britain" was being re- viewed by the legal department of his ministry and "nothing has been decided" pending the completion of a memorandum it is preparing, 4 * - - TEHRAN, Iran-Fighting priests, anti-British and anti-Soviet demonstrations and legislative sit-downs against the government last night swelled Iran's turmoil over the paralysis of her big oil industry. At the same time Mossadegh gave Iran's old western customers until Dec. 22 to buy her oil on her terms or run the risk of letting the Soviet bloc get it. * * * * LONDON-A near-bankrupt Britain intends to honor in full the capital and interest payments due on United States and Canadian loans by the end of the year, a government official said yesterday. WASHINGTON-Secret top-level conferences indicated yesterday that President Truman is preparing some dramatic move in an effort I 1\. IN BOTH DIRECTIONS: Survey Changes Bias Ideas i r (EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the third in a series of articles dealing with the findings of the survey on attitudes of fraternity men concerning admis- sion of minority members. The sur- vey was corducted by the Research Center for Group Dynamics at the request of the Inter-Fraternity Coun- cil.) By CRAWFORD YOUNG and HARLAND BRITZ shift towards "admit" towards "don't admit.". than THE SURVEY also showed that those who attended the feedbacks changed their ideas more than did those who were absent. This data does not include minority group houses. the meetings, did not change their opinions. Again for Jews, 23 per cent of those attending became less will- ing to admit while 26 per cent of the absentees became less willing. TWENTY-THREE per cent of those present became more willing