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CLOUDY AND MILDER.
v
VOL. LXH, No. 57
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1951
SILL PAGE
SIX PAGES
End
of Trail Seen for
UN Troo
* * * *
<i
(EDITOR'S NOTE: Robert Eunson, writer of the following interpretive
and background dispatch on the Korean War, is chief of the Associated Press
bureau in Tokyo. His analytical articles have won wide commendation.)
By ROBERT EUNSON
TOKYO-WP)--This week the war in Korea began grinding to an
inconclusive end.
Fighting might break out again, from time to time on a small
scale, but there was every indication that United Nations troops head-
into North Korea had come to the end of the trail.
Thousands of casualties every month had taught the Chinese and
North Korea Communists that without more planes and tanks from
Russia they had no hope of ever cracking United Nations defenses
again.
Only small engagements here and there broke the strange inter-
lude of silence which fell across the snow-cold Korea hills..
DESPITE DENIAL from everyone in the long chain of command,
from the White House right on down, an order had gone out to front
line Doughboys advising them to take it easy.
The order went into effect at midnight Nov. 27. It coincided
with establishment of a temporary cease fire line along the front
which had been agreed upon that day by United Nations and
Communist delegates to the armistice talks at Panmunjom.
The only trouble with all the denials was that they denied a
cease-fire had been ordered. But nobody said there was a cease-fire.
There was an order to halt aggressive action. This was as good as a
de' facto cease-fire, which is a cease-fire without the necessity of
signing documents.
* *
A DE FACTO cease-fire was exactly what United Nations nego-
tiators at the Korea armistice talks had been saying all along they
wouldn't stand for,
i Then what caused the sudden change in' policy?
Pressure.
The folks at home were putting pressure on their Congressmen.
The Congressmen were putting pressure on the State Department.
The State Department was putting pressure on Gen. Matthew B.
Ridgway, the commander of all United Nations forces in Japan and
Korea.
"You don't know how much pressure is being put on Ridgway," a.
highly placed officer at this headquarters said. "And it isn't only
coming from the folks back home. Britain, France and other UN
countries whose troops are fighting in Korea are putting pressure on
the State Department too."
is in Korea
There has been a feeling for a long time that it could never
come to a conclusive end. UN forces could attack tomorrow, and
with heavy casualties and supported by their naval and air force
supplements, plow a slow steady path northward to the Yalu.
Hammering the Communists completely out of North Korea
would force Russia inot supplying the Chinese with more tanks
and planes. A little of that could go a long way.
Neither side wants the Korea war to raise the curtain of World
War III.
So both the UN and the Communists are prepared to let the fight-
ing in Korea come to an inconclusive end.
* * * *
BEFORE THE great calm fell among the front this week, the
armistice talks which had been bumping along rather unsteadily took
a sudden lurch forward.
When the talks started last summer, it was well known that
General Ridgway was mainly interested in two things:
"The old man wanted to see an exchange of prisoners and a
provision to send security teams behind enemy lines," an officer
on Ridgway's staff said.
He is still going to insist on the prisoner exchange, but there's a
good chance the UN will give in on the security check.
* * * *
Reds Turn Down
Inspection Pan;
Build UpForces,
TOKYO, Friday, Nov. 30-(P)-Truce talks hit another major
deadlock today as Communist trucks rolled toward a stilled
battle front in unprecedented numbers.
In Munsan Communist truce negotiators charged that an Al-
lied proposal for inspection behind the lines would be "braz-
en interference" with their internal affairs.
The Reds were locked with UN command delegates in fruit-
less debate for the fourth straight day and the chief Allied negoti-
c>ator said afterwards that the
NIr AT truce talks had reached "im-
* * * *
WHY DO the other countries want to get the
with?
war in Korea overI
QUIET VIGIL-Along most of the Korean front today UN sol-
diers such as these watched over Communist-held positions in
virtual silence, and the costly 17-month-old war seemed to be
drawing to a gradual close.
L'ocal Scientists
Criiclze Phoenix
By HARLAND BRITZ
The Phoenix Project is under fire from several young, University
scientists.
A group of graduate students and teaching fellows are up in arms
over alleged limitations on research which they say "are a violation
of academic freedom and a channelling of intellectual effort."
They also charge that the Phoenix Project is nonsensically re-
fusing to allow degree credit for work on its research grants.
S * * *
IN RESPONSE TO THEIR charges, Dean Ralph Sawyer of the
graduate school, director of the Project, admitted that there is some-
thing to be said on both sides but that the route that Phoenix has tak-
en has been necessary for its success.
The scientists, all of whom requested anonymity because of
their relation to the University, claim that the system of limiting
research grants to "certain phases of atomic research" is much too
restrictive.
They maintain that the present system of grants leaves no room
for random experimentation.
By providing such research necessities as equipient, funds, and
helpers, the Phoenix Project is luring needy and sincere researchers
away from their chosen projects to work for Phoenix, they charged
' further.
* * * *
ONE SCIENTIST FELT THAT radioactive energy (which is what
he said Phoenix is stressing) is only a slim portion of the atomic en-
ergy field. "Six and a half -million dollars is an awful lot of money
for this one specific technique," he added.
He also felt that application of atomic energy is not the prob-
lem of physicists but the work of engineers. "Fundamental prob-
lems," he claimed, "can't be solved by looking for applications."
Another scientist suggested solving the problem by making avail-
able free money, not for a specific job but allocated to a specific man
for any use he feels is important.
This fellow suggested a project along the lines of the Institute for
Advanced Studies at Princeton, N.J.
Walker Hits
General for
Yalu Silence
BOSTON -()- The Christian
Science Monitor, in a copy-righted
story by Gordon Walker, said yes-
terday "there was strong evidence"
General MacArthur's staff "with-
held intelligence information on
Chinese intervention from the
President and front line command-
ers" in the 1950 ill-fated Yalu
River offensive.
Walker is assistant foreign edi-
tor of the Monitor and former war
correspondent attached to General
MacArthur's command in the Pa-
cific and Tokyo.
"FRONT-LINE commanders ord-
ered their troops into battle with-
out prior knowledge that they fac-
edPverwhelming odds-odds which
in most cases were as high as three
or four to one," the Monitor said.
Walker wrote that first infor-
mation about Chinese interven-
tion "actually had reached Tok-
yo in mid-September." The Yalu
offensive started in late. Novem-
ber.
"War correspondents in Tokyo
who sought to establish the fact,
however, were officially discour-
aged by headquarters from writ-
ing about it," according to Walker.
Walker said until now, war
correspondents "voluntarily have
withheld details of the disasterous
push to the Yalu" out of reluctance
to "write anything which might
detract from the almost unbeliev-
able heroism of field officers and
men" who managed to avert a
military debacle.
Hen's ,Jud ic
Posts Open
Three positions on Men's Judi-
ciary will be open for petitioning,
starting today.
Petitions may be obtained from'
3 to 5:30 p.m. today and every
day next week in the Student
Legislature Building at 122 South
Forrest Street, Bob Baker, '52, SL
vice-president announced.
Deadline for return of the pe-
titions is Friday, December 7. The
appointments will be decided upon
by the Student Legislature cabinet,
Baker said.
The three positions open are 1
those of Stan Weinberger, '52, Al
Blumrosen, '53L, a n d Merlin I
Townley, 152M, whose terms ex-
pire this semester.h m
Any male students enrolled in I
the University are eligible to pe-
tition for Men's Judiciary posi- 1
tions.1
Last Blast
LAS VEGAS-()-The Army
concluded its atomic weapons
effects program at Nevada test
site yesterday with a compara-
tively small but vital blast, wit-
nessed by some of the nation's
top brass and nuclear techni-
cians.
Two Eastern
Governments
Overthrown
By The Associated Press
The pro-Russian governments of
Syria an'd Thailand were quietly
but swiftly overthrown yesterday
in bloodless military coups.
In Syria the new pro-Russian
premier and all his ministers were
arrester by Lt. Col. AdIb Shishek-
ly, a power behind the scenes there
since 1949.
* *
OLD RIVALRIES were apparent
between the dominant Populist
party and the army which Shis-
hekly directs as Chief of Staff.
The Syrian strong man never
gave populist Marouf Dawalibi,
advocate of closer Arabic-Rus-
sian ties, a chance to get set as
successor to pro-western Prem-
ier Hassen El Hakeem, a backer
of the projected Middle East De-
fense Command who resigned *
Nov. 10.
Meanwhile, in Thailand, it was
a nine-man military junta which
quietly overthrew Thailand's gov-
ernment and announced it would
pursue the nation's anti-Commun-
ist policy.
Premier P. Pibulsonggram, orig-
inator of the policy, was ousted
but there were reports he would be
returned to his new job when a
new government was formed, pos-
sibly today.
The motive behind the coup re-
mained obscure. There was a pos-
sibility, however, that it was staged
to reaffirm the government's in-
dependent position as regards
young King Phumiphon Aduldet,
who is returning with his queen
and daughter from Switzerland.
Rusk Resignation.
ExpectedSoon
WASHINGTON-(A)-Assistant
Secretary of State Dean Rusk, a
key figure in American diplomacy
for several years and the archi-
tect of recent U.S. Far Eastern
policy, is expected to resign in a
few weeks.,
It is understobd that Rusk has
been negotiating with the Rocke-
feller Foundation, and that var-
ous other private research groups
have been interested in obtaining
his services.
Dave Cargo
Quits Post
As YR Head
By ALICE BOGDONOFF
Strongly asserting that "I am
tired of being personally villiled,"
Dave Cargo, grad, resigned as pres-
ident of the Young Republicans
last night.
Cargo's resignation was brought
on by heated accusations from the
club that he had gone over the
heads of the members in inviting
Gov. Warren to speak here.
JOE NEATH, 53L, who brought
the issue to the floor, pointed out
that at the first club meeting of
the year the group had taken a
"preferential" vote which decided
that Sen. Taft should be the first
choice of the club and Gov. Warr-
ren the second.
Hal Mayes, '53L, an Eisenhow-
er man, joined forces with Neath
in protesting that he had ,been
appointed committee chairman
at that first meeting to contact
Sen. Taft's office.
"John Martin, Taft's adminis-
trative secretary, assured me that
Taft can come here sometime be-
fore the close of the school year,"
Mayes argued, "and yet the com-
mittee was not consulted when
you-Cargo-went ahead and in-
vited Warren," Mayes concluded
vigorously.,
Cargo took the floor to explain
that the regular procedure for
bringing speakers is to extend the
invitation through the national
committee.
"I contacted Arthur Sommer-
field, Michigan national commit-
teeman, and he told me that Taft
would not be able to speak here
unless it was after the state spring
See CARGO, Page 6 t
Caudle Admits
Getting_$5,000
WASHINGTON-(')--T. L. Cau-'
dle, ousted two weeks ago as the'
government's top tax prosecutor,
acknowledged yesterday that he
accepted $5,000 as a commission
on the sale of an airplane to an
investigator for two New Yorkers
later convicted of tax fraud.
He also told House investigators
that he might have been instru-
mental in getting two delays in the
trial of the New Yorkers, Samuel
Aaron and Jacob Friedus.
But when Adrian DeWind, coun-
sel for a House Ways and Means
subcommittee, accused him of
"pressuring" the U.S.rattorney for
delays, Caudle retorted angrily
that his only interest in the case
was to "accommodate" the defense
attorney.
I
SEN. WHERRY
* W *RR
Sen. Wher,
GOP Leader,
Dies at 59
WASHINGTON-()-Sen. Ken-
neth S. Wherry of Nebraska, one
of the top Republicans in the Sen-
ate and a jolly,' aggressive sales-
man of old line GOP policy, died
yesterday at the age, of 59.
Wherry, who had been floor
leader for the Republicans since
1949, died of pneumonia. He had'
undergone an abdominal operation
last month but lately had been re-
ported recuperating.
His secretary, Lorne Kennedy,
said the doctors had authorized
him to say that the operation dis-
closed a malignant tumor but that
the immediate cause of death was
pneumonia.
** *
WHERRY BECAME ill Wednes-
day and was taken to the George
Washington University Hospital
yesterday morning, suffering from
chills and fever with respiratory
complications. Death came at
12:45 p.m., EST.
Republican national chairman
Guy Gabrielson mourned' his death
in a statement saying "The coun-
try and the Republican party have
lost a valiant fighter for the Am-
erican way of life. His wise coun-
sel and vigor will be irreplace-
able in the critical days ahead."
Gov. Val Peterson, Republican
governor of Nebraska, said yester-
day he would not discuss appoint-
ment of a successor to Wherry un-
til final respects have been paid
him.
Yea!ce 1iNews
Criticized
By Truman
KEY WEST --(P)-- President
Truman announced bluntly yester-
day that the fighting will continue
in Korea as long as there is a pos-
sibility of United Nation forces be-
ing "caught off-balance" by the
enemy in a peace trap.
"The continued pressure of our
forces on the enemy constitutes
the strongest incentive for the lat-
ter to agree to a just armistice,"
the iresident told a news confer-
ence at this naval submarine base.
"Any premature slackening of
our effort would cost us more
casualties in the long run than
need be lost."
THE PRESIDENT followed the
reading of his prepared statement
with an off-the-cuff lecture to
press associations and newspap-
ers on what he said were fake
cease fire stories that grow out
of hot competition for news.
He singled out a premature
armistice story by the United
Press' Roy Howard in 1918 and
an Associated Press story of Se-
oul, Korea, Wednesday, asserting
that orders from the highest
sources, possibly the White
House, brought ground fighting
to a halt in Korea.
Mr. Truman termed the Roy
Howard story a fake and said the
AP story was on a parallel with
it.
THE PRESIDENT said he und-
erstood yesterday's AP story out
of Seoul sprang out of the intense
competition for news.
Addressing himself then to the
representatives of the Press Asso-
ciations and t h ecindependent
newspapers at the conference, he
said they must be very careful in
this very dangerous time to stick
to the truth.
Mr. Truman, in his prepared
statement, said he hoped every-
body understood "there has been
no cease fire in Korea and that
there can be none until an armis-
tice has been signed."
National
passe No. 2."
FROM SEOUL, THE Far East
Air Forces reported sighting the
astonishing total of 9,200 trucks
rushing supplies and possibly'
troops under cover of darkness to
the front lines all across the Kor-
ean peninsula.
This is almost double the prev-
ious record. The Reds obviously
were swinging into a big buildup
during the strange lull which de-
veloped Wednesday after truce
terms agreed on a provisional
cease-fire line and the Allied com-
mander issued "certain. military
instructions to his Eighth Army.
* * *
THE FIFTH AIR Force said its
night fliers, with plenty of tar-
gets, attacked more than 3,500 of
the trucks and destroyed 300.
This ominous truck movement
was coupled'with increasing Red
air activity. The Reds sent out a
record one-day total of from 300 to
320 Russian-made MIG's yester-
day. There were few clashes, but
in one brief encounter three U.S.
jets and one MIG were damaged.
* * *
THE LARGEST sightings of
Red trucks were across the central
waist of Korea along an east-
west rovad leading to the east coast
port of Wonsan. At least 2,000
trucks were reported on that one
route leading to the eastern front.
Other large movements were
sighted all along the western
road network leading south from
Sinanju and Pyongyang, the
North Korean capital.
An Eighth Army briefing offi-
cer said of the ground action that
yesterday was one of the quietest
days of the war.
Except for minor patrol clashes,
the only action broke out north-
west of Yanggu on the eastern
front.
Meanwhile, in Pusan a mighty
blast destroyed the South Korean
government arsenal before dawn
todayand devastated a wide area.
U.S. Army authorities said four
civilians were known to, be dead
and six were seriously injured.
None was American.
UN To Debate
On Pact Plan
PARIS-(A )-A proposal which
would authorize the United Na-
tions to call on the North Atlantic
Pact armies or similar regional
agencies to resist aggression any-
where in the world is being nre-
AS FOR DEGREE CREDIT,
Strange Type.
Flu Infectinir
'U' Students
one scientist explained that graduates
-could help out with a faculty mem-
ber's Phoenix-sponsored research
project, but not use the experi-
ence as material for his degree
requirements.
' A peculiar variety of flu has
been creeping around the Univer-
sity campus, striking numerous
students with a malady that comes
and goes within 24 hours.
Hitting especially hard in the
women's dormitories, the sickness
affected an estimated 15 to 20
women in Stockwell Hall yester-
day. Mrs. Dorothy Parker, assist-
ant director of Stockwell, reported
last night that the number of
cases seemed to be declining.
SHE ADDED that the illness
apparently was affecting similar
numbers of women in the other
dorms. Most of the effects pass
away quickly and the cases have
not been referred to Health Ser-
Vice, she said.
"Although grads are paid,
they're interested in their de-
grees and not in the paltry sum
they get from research aid," he
maintained.
He also claimed that Dean Saw-
yer discourages including the
names of grad student helpers in
faculty members' publications. The
Dean denied this.
* * *
THE DEAN then countered that
it would be wonderful to get a
limited amount of free money for
research projects but that this was
just not possible.
When the War Memorial
Committee was selecting a me-
morial for the second world war,
Dean Sawyer -pointed out, they
felt that the field of atomic en-
ergy was an appealing idea. They
felt that it was so new and strik-
ing that many people would sup-
port it.
"Though it doesn't support every
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EXPECT 1000 VISITORS:
Musicians Arrive Here for Regional Conference
4
One of the largest music con-
ferences in the country this year
will begin here today when almost
1,000 music teachers from Michi-
gan and the mid-western area
meet with University faculty in
the seventh annuln.1 Midwestern
-;::f':?i' ::;i };,, ?'~:: : t w -tr-!;-::::::-> S;' :,::".j. f. ' :
[ l 41
prevents us from having a better
music program" in the Union Ball-
room. Russell Isbister, superinten-
dent of schools at Plymouth, Mich-
igan, will act as moderator.
Gests at t+e . nn--lp - a. A r
IRoundup
By The Associated Press
WA SHINGTON T - e
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