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FAIR. AND
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VOL. LVI, No. 156
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 1946
PRICE FIVE CENTS
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Senate To Act
On Extending
Draft'Today
Teen-AehId uction
Amendment Is Passed
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, June 4-The
Senate brought a teen-age inducting,
pay-increasing draft bill up to the
brink of final action tonight only to
halt work abruptly till tomorrow.
Democratic Leader Barkley (Ky.)
explained that several hours might be
required to dispose of a substitute
proposal by Senater Revercomb (Rep.
W. Va.) to continue Selective Service
authority until May 15; 1947 but sus-
pend all inductions until Congress
ordered otherwise.
Final Vote Withheld
The Senate already had voted 53
to 26 to make 18 and 19 year olds -
now temporarily exempted - subject
to call and had approved pay hikes
for enlisted men when Senator Gur-
ney (Rep., S.D.), in charge of the
bill, announced that it seemed im-
possible to get a final vote within a
reasonable time.
Senator Maybank (Dem., S.C.) pro-
tested vigorously against any delay,
forcing a series of quorum calls.
Barkley finally moved to recess the
Senate until 11 a.m. tomorrow and
was sustained on a 45 to 17 roll call
vote.
On a standing vote, the Senate ac-
cepted an amendment by Senator
Magnuson (Dem., Wash) which
would give special deferments to sci-
entific students in accredited schools.
The pay boost, proposed by Sena-
tors LaFollette (Prog., Wis.) and
Johnson (Dem., Col.) to spur volun-
tary enlistments.
Would Boost Service Pay
Pay of privates would be boosted
from $50 a month to $75; privates
first class from $54 to $80; corporals
from $66 to $90; and sergeants from
$78 to $100. Corresponding increases
would be paid to marines and sailors.
These same increases had been vot-
ed by the House along with increases
ranging from 10 to 20 per cent for
other non-commissioned and for com-
missioned officers.
The Senate, however, passed up the
question of pay raises for commis-
sioned officers and adopted a lower
scale of monthly pay boosts for staff,
technical and master sergeants and
equivalent ranks in other services.
Flour Shortage
To Ease Soon,
Millers Claim
Wheat Crop Greater
Than Was Expected
CHICAGO, June 4 --(')- The na-
tion has struck "bottom" in the cur-
rent domestic flour shortage, the
Millers National Federation said to-
Breadless Thursday?
DETROIT, June 4-'P)-The Ma-
yor's Emergency Food Committee
today studied a proposal that De-
troit have "breadless Thursdays"
as a means of conserving the area's
dwindling wheat supplies.
day, and a gradual easing of the
critical bread shortage may start in
two or three weeks.
'There were two signs the nation's
worst bread shortage will soon be on
the wane. They were:
1. The new spring wheat crop.
which has started coming in in Texas
and Oklahoma, is running 2 percent
tbove pre-harvest expectations.
2. The Department of Agriculture
drafted a plan for dipping into for-
eign relief wheat stocks to relieve
conditions in the most acute bread
shortage areas in the country.
Herman Steen, Executive Secretary
of the Millers National Federation,
said "this is the worst week the mill-
ers will have." Between 80 and 90
percent of the nation's flour mills
will shut down because of lack of
wheat to grind into flour, he said.
Policeman Dies
After Accident
Officer Kenneth E. Payne, 31, of
the Ann Arbor Police, died last night
in University Hospital after an ac-
cident yesterday afternoon when his
motorcycle ran off the road and
struck a utility pole on US-23 (Wash-
tenaw and Sheridan Drive).
Payne died at 9:15 p.m. without
regaining consciousness. He had suf-
fered a fractured skull and punctured
Russian Ideas Are Great Obstacle
To
European Peace, Bevin Says;
UN arned Against ustingSpain
SCHOOL FOR CRIME?-This is the Washtenaw County Juvenile De-
tention Home where hapless children spend an average of two weeks
behind iron bars awaiting trial.
BEHIND IRON BARS:
Kids Are 'Criminals
at
County Detention Hm
Children Await Trial Without recreationi
Or Exercise, Locked in Narrow RooIns
By CLAYTON DICKEY and MILT FIEUDENIHEIM
Is a boy who runs away from home a criminal?
Behind a barred window in a narrow, locked room at the Washtenaw
County Juvenile Detention Home, a small, tousle-headed boy faces two
weeks of solitary confinement while an antiquated youth correction system
decides his fate by rule of thumb.
Two Daily reporters saw this boy while investigating the local juve-
nile correction situation.
The Detention Home is located at the Washtenaw County Home on
U.S. Highway 23 one mile from Ann Arbor.
Every year 60 to 70 children spend v
an average of two weeks there--in
three bare rooms that accommodatej
a maximum of six youngsters.
The Detention Home is a small
basement corner of the county in-
firmary and is separated from the;
rest of the building by locked gates.9
The children-unless they are
"trustics" -are locked in their1
rooms at all times. Meals are served
to. them through panels in the
doors. The panels are locked when.
not in use.
An attempt has been made to
brighten the rooms with light blue
paint. But there are no pictures on
the walls-only newspaper cutouts
of Jesus Christ. There are no rugs
or curtains, no reading lamps or
comfortable chairs.1
Only a box of second hand books1
is provided to break the lonely mon-
otony-.
According to a study made by
the National Probation Associa-
tion, "children cannot live in a
vacuum. There must be a pro-
gram, not only to keep them busy
and constructively occupied, but
also to enable them to work out
their tensions in action, and to
give the juvenile court an oppor-
tunity to study andadvise them."
But a child confined in the Wash-
tenaw County Juvenile Detention
Hore has no constructive supervi-
sion from the local probate court or
from other sources. His stay in the
home is a complete blank from the
point of view of both recreation and
rehabilitation.
Children who are placed in the
Detention Home are under the Juris-
diction of Julia Dernaree, a "prac-
tical" nurse, with no special train-
ing in child psychology.
Mrs. Ina G. Kennett, wife of the
of
World News
Italiani Votes Counted .
ROME, June 4-(P)-The middle-
of-the-road Christian Democratic
party rolled up a commanding lead
of more than 2,1)00,000 votes over
each of its two nearest rivals - the
Communists and Socialists-tonight,
a tabulation of two-thirds of the
ballots cast for an Italian Constitu-
ent Assembly showed.
FrenchP arties Sent . .
PARIS, June 4 --() - France's
three major political parties main-
tained silence tonight on the ques-
tion of who will head the new gov-
ernment, but impartial observers
believed a socialist would be chosen.
There appeared little likelihood
that the victorious Popular Repub-
lican Movement party (MRP)),
which emerged from Sunday's elec-
tion as France's strongest, would
insist upon the presidency for for-
eign minister Georges Bidault.
* +
superintendent of the County In-
firmary, is responsible for the chil-
dren. Records kept of the youngsters
indicate only such statistical data
as their entry and departure dates,
age, height and weight. No attempt
is made to give scientific aid to the
child in solving the problem which
brought him under the aegis of the
law.
The National Probation Associa-
tion emphasizes that the super-
intendent of a detention home
"must be a highly qualified and
trained person," whose job must
not be "confused or combined with
that of the probation officer for
it is a full-time, exacting posi-
tion."
The Probation Associa tion lists
thme e qualifications for the superin-
telident of a detention home: "a col-
lege graduate who has had special
training in psychology, education
See KIDS, Page 2
Provost Adams
Outlines Role
0 the Tea cher
Because capacity for understand-
ing is essential for peace, it is the
special function of the teacher to
instill that understanding in his stu-
dents, Provost James P. Adams de-
clared yesterday at the 11th Annual
School of Education Convocation
honoring candidates for the teacher's
certificate.
"Teachers are architects of under-
standing," he said.
Speaking on "The Enduring Affir-
matives", Provost Adams emphasized
faith, idealism, liberality of mind and
spirit, and enthusiasm for work.
Ethel Wooden, principal of Whit-
ney Vocational School in Toledo, re-
ceived the Cleo Murtland Scholar-
ship Award intended to stimulate in-
terest in superior teaching, creative
writing and significant research in
the field of vocational education.
The William H. Payne Scholar
Award was given to David M. Nelson,
and Earl E. Mosier received the Burke
Aaron Hinsdale Scholar Award, both
of which are in recognition of high
scholarship and high rank in profes-
sional zeal and promise. Nelson is a
candidate for a Master's degree while
Mosier is a candidate for a Ph. D.
degree.
NO Armamenlt,
Atom Controls
Seen as Result
Sub-Coniuittee Finds
No German Research -
By The Associated Press
NEW YORK. June 4-The exclu-
sion of Franco Spain from the United
Nations makes effective control of
atomic energy and armaments im-
possible, the U.N. sub-committee in-
vestigating Spain declared today.
It recommended that Spain be con-
sidered for membership in the United
Nations if Generalissimo Francisco
Franco were removed.
Calls for Action
The sub-committee, which called
for General Assembly action against
the Falangist regime in its report
to the Security Council, made the
atomic-armament statement in a
supplement stressing a weakness of
the U.N. security system.
"Geographically, Spain is a nation
of importance with respect to the
organization of the security system
of the United Nations," the report
said.
Control Impossible
"The exclusion of the Franco re-
gime from the United Nations would
leave Spain outside of any interna-
tional arrangements relating to the
maintenance of internatioal peace
and security in that region and render
impossible a really effective system
of international control of atomic
energy and the relating scientific in-
formation and raw materials or regu-
lation of armaments, as envisaged by
the United Nations."
"Gap" in Lineup
In commenting on the "gap" in
the security lineup, Dr. Herbert V.
Evatt, sub-committee chairman and
Australian delegate to the Council,
said however, that the sub-commit-
tee had found no evidence to sup-
port contentions that German sci-
entists were at work on atomic energy
within Spain.
The report to the Security Coun-
cil, which meets at 3 p.m. (EDT)
Thursday, recommended that the
Assembly be asked to call for world-
wide severance of relations with Spain
if Franco was still in power at the
time of the Assembly's September
meeting here.
The Franco government assailed
the sub-committee report as "an ob-
vious intervention in the internal
affairs" of Spain, and said it was
"not a report" but a "verdict" violat-
ing the principles of the Atlantic
Charter, the Dumbarton Oaks agree-
ment, and the United Nations Char-
ter
Plea Made for
OPA Survival
More than 150 residents of Ann
Arbor and Washtenaw County jam-
med the County Court House yester-
day to hear pleas from five citizens
that the powers of the OPA be con-
tinued
At the meeting, which was spon-
sored by the "Facts For Action Com-
mittee" of Washtenaw County, a Re-
publican nominee for Congress, a
Democratic nominee, a Communist
Party leader, a housewife and an
OPA chief joined together in support
of price control.
The program was moderated by
Rev. Redman of Ann Arbor, and
included talks by H. F. Vander Velde,
Abner Berry, Mrs. George Ross,
Wayne Saari and Hicks Griffiths.
Aeronautical Research
Study To Start July 1
Aeronautical research will start at
the Willow Run Airport by July 1,
and classes will be held there by the
department of Aeronautical Engi-
neering during the summer session,;
Prof. Emerson W. Conlon, chairman
of that department announced yester-
day.
"Research in the various phases
of aeronautics which will be carried
on at Willow Run will enable us to
acquire laboratory equipment which
we could not otherwise obtain be-
cause of budgetary limitations," Prof.
Conlon said. "Income from this re-
search, which employs many grad-
uate students, is adequate to support
their families, and much of this re-
search is applicable to the theses
required for advanced degrees."
According to Prof. Conlon the ac-
quisition of Willow Run Airport by
the University establishes a cycle of
research, instruction and graduate
study which should advance the sci-
ence of aeronautics directly through
research and indirectly by producing
better trained engineers.
The Department of Chemical En-
gineering also plans to do research
work at Willow Run. High pressure
experiments may be conducted out
there, Prof, George D. Brown, chair-
man of the Department of Chemical
and Metallurgical Engineering, said.
Lubricants may be tested and re-
search work for various companies
done out there.
A test cell to test aircraft engines
will be set up out at Willow Run by
the Mechanical Engineering depart-
ment, according to Prof. Ransom S.
Hawley, chairman of that depart-
ment. Automobile road tests may aso
be conducted out there.
Annual Spring
Concert To Be
Held Tomorrow
The Women's Glee Club under the
direction of Miss Marguerite Hood
will present its annual spring con-
cert at 8:30 p.m. tomorrow in Hill
Auditorium.
The first half of the concert will
consist of a group of short formal
selections. Included will be songs
from the Liebeslieder by Brahms.
Two harps and two horns will ac-
company one of the numbers. Lynn
Palmer and Margaret Wardle will be
the harpists, and the horn players
will be Carla Hemsing and Ann
Lawrence.
Soloists will be Lennis Britton, Jean
Thalner, and Suzanne Smith. Rose
Derderian, mezzi-soprano, will also
offer two selections, "In the Silence
of Night" by Rachmaninoff and "La
Danza" by Rossini.
A "Latin American Fiesta" will be
the theme of the second half of the
program. The Women's Glee Club
and the Navy Choir, reinforced by
other male singers on campus, will
sing a group of Latin American songs
first separately and then together,
accompanied by Latin American in-
struments. Suzanne Smith will be
the soloist with one of the numbers,
and a trio made up of Rose Derder-
ian, Jean Thalner, and Lennis Brit-
ton will also sing. Beverly Solorow
will be the accompanist for the con-
cert.
Classes Start at Airport;
Others To Follow Soon
Students Inspect Field,
Make Surface Tests
Wasting no time in making use
of its new airfield for educational
purposes, the University held its first
class in airport design at Willow1
Run Airport yesterday.
Hardly more than 24 hours had
passed since the University took over4
the airport when a group of 15 senior
and graduate students in the De-
partment of Civil Engineering and
several representatives of the Michi-
gan State Highway laboratory went
out to inspect the runways and the
layout of the surface drainage sys-J
tem at Willow Run.a
Under the supervision of Prof.
William S. Housel of the Department1
of Civil Engineering, this group
checked soil profiles at the airfield
to estimate the amount of surface
runoff as compared to infiltration in-.a
to the permeable soil. During their
inspection tour they visited the con-
trol tower on top of Hanger One
and drove around the runways.
Study Airport Design
"These students have been study-
ing airport design and construction
all semester," Prof. Housel said, "A
large part of their work has been
the redesign of Willow Run, making
a grading and drainage plan of the
runways with emphasis on a more
efficient and economical surface and
subsurface drainage system"
"While these students have had an
opportunity to study soil conditions
from information accumulated by soil
surveys, Prof. Housel remarked, they
have been anxious to get on the field
and study it first hand. Students tak-
ing this course next fall will spend
perhaps one afternoon a week at Wil-
low Run making soil surveys and
measurements of surface and sub-
surface run-off. This data will be
used in the airport design courses."
Field in Good Shape
Commenting on the condition of
the airfield after its long period of
idleness, Prof. Housel said that it was
in surprisingly good condition after
not having maintenance for so long.
It has a normal amount of deferred
maintenance, lie added.
"Some of the inlets for surface
drainage should be lowered," Prof,
Housel said. "A few minor improve-
ments will probably be made over a
period of time," he remarked, "Some
regrading should be done so that
there will be no ponding of water
at or near the edge of the runways.
The civil engineering department
will coordinate its courses with the
maintenance of, the airfield."
Meet with FPHA
University officials and executives
of the Federal Public Housing Ad-
ministration regional office in Cleve-
land met yesterday to discuss Uni-
versity housing problems and the
possibility of securing additional
space for students in Willow Village.
Meanwhile, the University's request
for permission to house non-veteran
students in the village is pending.
This request must be cleared through
the Washington FPHA office.
At present, quarters for 1,700 single
veterans and 1,100 married veteran
students are available to the Uni-
versity for fall occupancy in the vil-
lage. All but 700 single units are
now in use by students.
SCOres Molotov
On Democracy,
Security Stand
Calls oli Soviet Union
To Reconsider Pact
By The Associated Press
LONDON, June 4-Foreign Secre-
tary Ernest Bevin declared today that
Russian ideas of security and democ-
racy constituted "one of the greatest
obstacles to peace," and said perman-
ent peace in Europe could be assur-
ed "only if Russia enters freely into
the European settlement."
Bevin, reviewing the deadlocked
Paris Foreign Ministers conference,
urged the Soviet Union to reconsider
its rejection of the American plan
for a four-power pact to control Ger-
man armaments, and to grasp that
"great opportunity" before it was
too late.
Speaks To Commons
"I say to the Soviet government
that if you value peace above all f Ise,
do not miss it; it may never come
again," the Foreign Secretary de-
clared in a speech to the House of
Commons.
"If we don't want to have total war
we must have total peace," Bevin as-
serted.
Looking toward a resumption of
the Four-Power talks June 15, Bevin
said he proposed "to make another
effort at agreement before deciding
on any final alternative course." If
the talks failed, he said, he would
insist upon adoption of the American
proposal to place the disputed Zuro-
pearl treaties before a 21-nation Gen-
eral Peace Conference.
Replies To Molotov
Replying to Soviet Foreign Mnis-
ter V. M. Molotov, Bevin declared
that "one of the greatest obstacles
to peace" was the Soviet idea that the
Russian method alone represented
democracy, along with the idea that
Russia could have security "only
when every other country in the
world has adopted the Soviet system."
He vigorously denied the existence
of any British-American bloc.
B vin also put forth his own idea
of a federation of German states,
which he declared would best.fit into
a long-range plan for international
control, He said Britain was willing
to see the Saar go to France, but
that it looked upon the Ruhr Valley
as a great potential for peace and
raising standards of living through-
out Europe. He suggested the Ruhr
might become a separate province
under international control, to be
fitted ultimately into federal Ger-
many.
Intolerable Situation
The Foreign Secretary, referring
to the Russian attitude in the Paris
Conference, said: "It is difficult
for us to accept the rule of one party
or one nation. It is an intolerable
situation and we shall never get peace
if that goes on."
Bevin, opening two days of Com-
mons debate on foreign policy, im-
plored the United States to disre-
gard Soviet rebuffs and continue
seeking a Four-Power, 25-year pact
to insure German demilitarization.
Haber' Lectures
On Vocations
Emphasizes Cultural,
Economic Influences
The importance of a liberal educa-
tion which trains people to under-
stand social, cultural, and economic
forces was emphasized by Prof. Wil-
liam Haber of the economics depart-
ment yesterday in the last of a series
of lectures on vocational opportuni-
ties.
In describing occupational trends,
Prof, Haber emphasized the decline
in percentage of people employed
in agriculture, and the increase in
the proportion, of people employed
in professional and service occupa-
tions.
The proportion of people who are
self-employed is also declining, he
said.
A high standard of living can be
maintained only if people displaced
in manufacturing and agriculture
can be absorbed into the service oc-
cupations, Prof. Haber said.
WE MUST BE PREPARED:
Bromage Urges Extension of Draft Law
By PHYLLIS KATE
The strength of our armed forces
"must be maintained" by extension
of the Selective Service System be-
yond July 1, Prof. Arthur W. Bro-
mage of the political science depart-
ment declared yesterday,
Even in the face of the "natural
tendency for people to trek back
toward isolationism," Congress must
taming approximately 18 million
people. To make the situation "more
chaotic," the central and state ad-
ministrative units collapsed at the
close of the war, he explained.
"When I entered Bavaria last
May with the military government,"
Prof. Bromage said, "only city and
county units were functioning. There
was widespread destruction due to
military governors of Japan, we must
also think of our own defense needs
in a world "not yet really at peace,"
Prof. Bromage emphasized.
In reference to any compromise
provisions of the draft legislation,
Prof. Bromage contended that such
details would have to be the work
of Congress, "which must make a.
wise decision for the American
lations that would lead to perma-
nent peace,
"On the other hand," he said, "we
must remain prepared to carry out
existing obligations and meet any
military eventuality that might
arise."
America is "lapsing -back into iso-
latior and the irresistible force of
our military committments is com-