PAGE six
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
F MAY, NGVFTvMF,, 16, 1945
PAGE SiX FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1945
I
PROXIMITY FUZE:
Secret Weapon's Development
Aided By 'U' Scientists' Tests
In a lonely field one mile from D-~-
boro village, near Ann Arbor, two
members of the University's physics
department for three years experi-
mented with the proximity fuze, a
secret weapon that ranked with radar
and the atomic bomb in speeding
Allied victory.
The radio proximity, or "VT," fuze,
detonates anti-aircraft shells within
70 feet of the target, thus enabling
gunners to score a much greater per-
centage of "hits" than with ordinary
timed fuzes. A tiny radio set in the
fuze sends out waves which, when
"echoed" back by the enemy aircraft ,
detonate the shell.
Grim Background
With a background of Germany's
aerial threat to Britain and the threat
of war for America, Professors H. R.
Crane and David M. Dennison began
their experiments in September, 1941.
'StudentsITo Get
Training Jobs
Experience in a business enterprise
for a few months is planned for stu-
dents in the School of Business Ad-
ministration Dean Russell A. Steven-
son announced yesterday, in an ad-
dress at the Business Administration
Convocation.
Discussing the character and pur-
pose of the school, he said that the
program is designed to give a broad
general. education in the first two
years of college and a certain amount
of specialization in fields such as ac-
counting and marketing in the two
years spent in the business admini-
stration school.
Plans for a student organization
were also discussed at the convoca-
tion. A student committee will be
appointed by Dean Stevenson to set
up this organization.
Assisted by 25 other University scien-
tists, they tested the proximity fuze
on a miniature scale on a three-acre
proving ground among the -gravel pits
of Dixboro.
Exact scale models of enemy air-
craft, built in the physics department,
were used in the tests. The models
were attached to a rope suspended
between two 70-foot poles and were
towed over a miniature VT fuze by
means of a power windlass. The fuze
was not exploded in these experi-
ments, but the precise location of the
model plane, in relation to the fuze.
at the instant of assumed fire, was re-
corded on a photographic film in a
control station on the ground.
Results of Tests
As a result of the tests the distance
from the plane at which the shell
would explode and the angle at which
the exploded particles would be
spread, were determined.
The cost of Uie professors' experi-
ments was over a quarter of a mil-
lion dollars. The entire cost of de-
veloping and perfecting the fuze has
been estimated at $800,000,000.
First research on the fuze was
undertaken by Dr. Merle A. Tuve, of
the CarnegiebInstitution,in 1940. Pro-
fessor Crane assisted him for eight
months before beginning his tests
here.
Deadly in Battle
In battle the proximity fuze proved
deadly effective against enemy air-
craft and the Nazis' V-1 bomb. On
the last day of the V-1 attacks, 104
were detected by early-warning radar,
but only four reached London. About
16 malfunctioned before reaching the
coast and anti-aircraft, using VT
fuzes, accounted for 68.
The most difficult problem facing
scientists was a means of "packing"
the tiny radio set into a shell so that
it would withstand the shock of being
shot from a gun.
Highest Veteran
Enrollment Is
Forestry Claim
The School of Forestry and Conser-
vation, with 48 students who are ex--
servicemen comprising 60 per cent ofi
the total enrollment, believes it has'
the highest proportion of veterans of.
any school on campus.
Of these 48 men, 31 were in the
Army, 10 in the Navy and seven in
the Marine Corps. Many had long
overseas service in the various war
theatres, with an average of 15
months each.
Ernest Woodman, a transfer stu-
dent from the University of Alabama,.
has both the longest service record-
67 months-and the most time spent
overseas-nearly three years. Mr.
Woodman entered the Army shortly
after receiving his bachelor's degree
in 1940 and served as a combat artil-
lery officer in the North African and
European Theatres, attaining the
rank of lieutenant colonel.
Nobel Winners
Are Announced
STOCKHOLM, Nov. 15-(A)-The
1945 Nobel Prize in literature has
been awarded to Lucila Godoy Y Al-
cayaga of Chile, who writes lyric poe-
try under the name of Gabriela Mis-
tral, it was announced today.
Other Nobel Prize winners were
announced as follows:
Prof. Wolgang Pauli, atomic re-
search expert of the institute of ad-
vanced studies at Princeton, N. J.,
the 1945 award in physics.
Prof. Otto Hahn, German author-
ity on radio-activity and the atom,
the 1944 award in chemistry.
Artturi Wirtanen, Finnish bio-
chemist, the 1945 award in chemistry.
Pauli, 45, a native of Vienna, is one
of the foremost figures in atomic re-
search. His award, made by the
Swedish Academy of Sciences, was
for his work on the "exclusion prin-
ciple."
Hahn, 66, received his award for
discovery of a method of breaking
the heavy atom nucleus. The Ger-
man radiologist is credited with the
discovery of the substances of radio-
thor, mesothorium and protactinium.
Wirtanen received his award for
discoveries relating to agricultural
and food chemistry.
Christian Fellowship Will
Give Series of Lectures
A series of messages on the Gospel,
sponsored by the Michigan Christian
Fellowship, will be delivered from
Nov. 18 through Dec. 16, it was an-
nounced yesterday.
The first lecture will be given by
Rev. Howard Sugden of Jackson
whose topic will be "The Nature and
Person of God."
All meetings are open to the public
and will be held from 4:30 p.m. to
5:30 p.m. in Lane Hall.
Health Course
Commended
By Foundation
The important role the Universit y
has played in the promotion of health
education was commended yesterday
in an interview with Miss Sally Lucas
Jean, Educational Director of the Na-
tional Foundation for Infantile Pa-
ralysis.
"The University was one of the first
schools in the nation to offer public
health courses," she said, and added
that the great body of knowledge
regarding health is of little value
unless it is applied in daily living.
Health education leaders, she con-
tinued, endeavor to fill the gap be-
tween knowledge and practice.
Miss Jean has been lecturing across
the country bringing to the public
the newest facts discovered about in-
fantile paralysis and the March of
Dimes, which is sponsored by the
Foundation.
Last year Washtenaw County
raised $18,384 in the campaign, the
highest amount raised by any county
in the state, Miss Jean said.
In 1945 there have been eight cases
of infantile paralysis in the county.
The Washtenaw County Chapter of
the National Foundation supplies
funds for medical and hospital care
of all cases needing help, Miss Jean
said.
Clements Library Has
CI News Publications
From the out of the way spots
where American servicemen are sta-
tioned, the Clements Library War
Historical Collection has received
publications of interest and historical
value.
The first editions of "Stars and
Stripes" published in Tokyo and
Shanghai are here. The Shanghai
edition sold for two cents in Ameri-
can money or ten dollars in Chinese
money.
From India the collection has re-
ceived "India Ink," and "Tiger Rag."
The "Foxhole Observer" is printed in
the South Pacific and "Guinea Gold"
circulates in New Guinea and Aus-
tralia. The "Thistle Whistle" is pub-
lished on board the ship "Thistle"
and "T.N.T." is an abbreviation for
Trinidad News Tips. The "Zero Beat"
is published in East Africa and others
are the "Goat's Whisker," "The Per-
sian Gulf Dispatch," and the "C.B.I.
IRound-Up.''
Harvard Report
To Be Discussed
John Sessions, instructor in the
Department of English willb e the
speaier at the Saturday Luncheon
!Discussion at noon tomorrow in
the Fireplace Room of Lane Hail,
He will review the report of the
Harvard Committee, "General Ed-
tication in a Pree Society."
The Harvard Report deals with
the question, "How can general
education be so adapted to differ-
ent ages and above all, different
outlooks, so that it can appeal
deeply to each, yet remain in goal
and essential teachings the same
for all?"
Reservations for the luncheon
should be made with Pat Kelly,
University extension 2148, by 10:00
a. m. Saturday.
All students are also invited to
attend the informal Coffee Hour
this afternoon at 4:30 p. m. in the
library of Lane Hall.
The Board in Control of Student
Publications, to which two student
representatives will be elected Dec.
15, is composed of faculty, student and
alumni members who supervise and
make staff appointments to The
Daily, the Michiganensian, the Gar-
goyle and the Student Directory.
Meeting at regular intervals
throughout the year, the Board makes
senior editor appointments to all pub-
lications and approves all other ap-
pointments. The Board acts as an
intermediary body between publica-
tion staffs and the University. While
it exercises supervisory power, it is
not a board of censors.
Supervision is also exercised over
publication financial business. The
board approves a yearly operation
budget and all non-operation expend-
itures are subject to Board consider-
ation.
The three student representatives
of the board represent campus opinion
ELECTION GUIDE:
Students Represent Campus
Opinion on Board in Control
and two members represent the alum-
ni. The iemainer of tue Board is
composed of six facutlty represent-
atives.
The two student representatives to
be chosen in the comwing electsin will
hold office for one year.
Faculty representatives are Prof.
G. E. Densmore, chairman of the
speech department, Board chairman-
Prof. Merwin H. Waterman, seurit
tary of the School of Business Admmi-
istration, Board secretary -treasurer;
Prof. Hobart Coffey of the Law
School; Prof. Carl E. Burkiund, of the
College of Engineering; Prof. Palmer
A. Throop, of the history department
and Joseph A. Bursley, Dean of Stu-
dents.
Leigh A. White, public relations di-
rector of the Detroit News, and Webb
McCall, Michigan newspaper editor,
are the alumni representatives and
Robert Hume is the remaining stu-
dent member.
Buy
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'46
I
YOU MAY BE LEFT OUT!
Your Pictures for the1946 MICH IGANENSIAN
Are Due JANUARY 10th
YOU MUST:
* BUY A SENIOR PICTURE COUPON at the 'Ensign
office or from the 'Ensian representative who will
visit your residence soon.
* MAKE OUT AN ACTIVITIES CARD provided
by the 'Ensian for the "Senior Activities" list.
* HAVE YOUR PICTURE WITH THE FOLLOWING
SPECIFICATIONS AT THE 'ENSIAN OFFICE BY
JANUARY 10th:
(1) Size 3" x 5"
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