p.2'
Air titian
D ai-MNE0i
WEATHER
Clearing Today. No Great
Temperature Change.
VOL. LV, No. 55 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JAN. 11, 1945
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Luzon
Beachhead
Cut
our
Miles
Sharp Rise
Wi
Assembly Honors 13 Outstanding Women
Deep
Yanks Take
Key Towns,
Plane Base
In Draft Quota
Is Predicted
Proposed Law To
Affect 18-45 Group
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, Jan. 10-Draft
quotas will rise sharply in the next
six months, government officials dis-
closed today in urging "work or
fight" legislation to fill resultant gaps
in war production ranks.
The government proposes to ex-
tract some 200,000 of the 900,000
men needed for the armed forces
from occupationally-deferred work-
ers ,aged 26 through 29, in war-es-
sential industries.
And only through national service
legislation channeling every able-
bodied person into the war effort,
said Undersecretary of War Patter-
son, cn the 900,000 men be fur-
nished to the Army and Navy and
700,000 workers be provided for in-
dustry before July 1.
Work or Fight
Patterson informed the House Mil-
itary Committee of the Army's and
Navy's plan for the step-up in induc-
tions, which would boost draft calls
from the present 110,000 a month to
about 150,000.
Patterson and Ralph A. Bard,
Undersecretary of the Navy, testi-
fed before the House Military Com-
mittee. They went "all out" for gen-
eral national war service legislation
but endorsed as a stopgap measure a
"work or be drafted" bill offered by
Chairman May (D.-Ky.) applicableI
only to males 18 through 45.
As Bard and Patterson testified,;
the House Postwar Military Policy
Committee decided to defer indefi-
nitely consideration of peacetime
military draft legislation.
At the same time, War Mobiliza-
tion Direetor Byrnes reportedly was
winding up a series of conferences
with top war officials to revise the
list of essential industries so as to
protect the most important facto-
ries from the draft inroads.
Explanationt Asked
In turn, some 40 members of the
house agreed to ask Byrnes to meet
with them to explain the necessity
for inducting additional deferred
farm youths, the largest group of!
young men now available for mili-
tary duty.
Amid these developments, the War
Manpower Commission reported an
apparent "marked increase" in men
seeking war jobs, evidently as a re-
sult of recent government moves
toward the "work or fight" principle.
New Orchestra
To Meet Today
A classical orchestra for inexperi-
enced musicians, organized by Mary
Ellin McCrady, will hold the first
of its weekly meetings at 4:15 p. m.
today in Rm. 2001, University High
School.
The orchestra, to play for the ex-
perience and enjoyment of the mem-
bers, was given aid and encourage-
ment by several School of Music
teachers, notably Clyde Vroman and
Prof. Earl V. Moore, said Miss Mc-
Crady, who will act as director. Mr.
Gilbert Ross, it was revealed, has no
connection with the orchestra.
Volunteers, who need neither be
University students nor have audi-
tions, may contact Miss McCrady,
5101.
CAMPUS EVENTS
Today Madame Wei speaks on
'China After the War' at
8:30 p. m. in Hill Audit-
orium.
Today International Center
'Open House' Tea from 4
p. m. to 5:30 p. m.
Today 19th Century text books
through are on display at Uni-
Jan. 19 versity Elementary School
Library.
Jan. 12 WAA Rec-Rally at 7:30
p. m. in Waterman-Bar-
bour gyms.
Jan. 12,13 'No Greater Love', Rus-
sian film, shown at 8 p.m.
in Rackham building.
Economic Battle Causes
Race Hate,
White Says
Recognition
Night Affair
Honors Coeds
STATUTE
'Problem Not Biological,' Professor Tells
Inter-Racial Association Meeting at Hillel
Al pert, Berberian
Win Song Contest
I
"Our so-called race conflicts are
simply manifestations of the basic
economic struggle for existence in
American society," Prof. Leslie
White, chairman of the anthropol-
ogy department, said last night in a
lecture on race problems at an In-
ter-Racial Associaiion meeting at
Hillel Foundation,
"The problem is not biological,
and it does not grow out of ignor-
ance," Prof. White said. "It grows
out of basic conflict in our society."
When we have an economic strug-
gle between women and men over
employment, we do not call this a
race problem, yet all the elements are
there, he continued. There is no es-
sential difference.
Struggle a Race Problem
The economic struggle is called a
race problem only when a group can
be identified by a convenient external
label, as color of skin pigmentation
Coal Quota
Will Be Cut
14 Million Tons
Byrnes Asks 68 Degree
Limit to Temperature
WASHINGTON, Jan. 1.-In dras-
tic steps to meet an "impending coal
shortage," James F. Byrnes called
today for a reduction in tempera-
tures in all homes and public build-
ings to a maximum of 68 degrees.
In addition, the War Mobilization
Director asked the War Production
Board to prohibit "all out-door ad-
vertising, ornamental and display
lighting except in those areas where
flush gas and hydro-electric power
can be shown to be available without
drawing on the coal supply.
The Director of Defense Transpor-
tation was requested to take steps to
eliminate special and excursion trains
and any increase in passenger sched-
ules to resort :reas.
Declaring that a ten per cent re-
duction in "space heating" would
save about 14 million tons of fuel
annually, Byrnes asserted:
"Therefore, the managements of
all office buildings, hotels, apart-
ments, stores, and other establish-
ments, are urged to take immediate
measures to maintain a maximum
temperature of 68 degrees in their
buildings.
"In addition, all residents of
homes are urged to take similar
action to maintain a temperature
not to exceed 68 degrees during that
period of the day that the home is
occupied, with greater reduction
during the day if the home is not
occupied."
Byrnes said he hopes coal ration-
ing can be avoided and that he is
certain the public will support his
conservation program.
Post-War Chma
Subject of Talk
Mine. Wei, Wife of
Diplomat, Will Speak
With "China After the War" as her
topic, Madame Wei Tao-ming, wife
of the Chinese ambassador to the
United States will speak at 8:30
p. m. today in Hill Auditorium under
the auspices of the Oratorical As-
rociation.
Long active in Chinese political
affairs, Madame Wei was the first
Chinese woman lawyer in Shanghai
and has served as a member of the
Provincial Government of Kiangau,
as Chinese envoy extraordinary to
France and as a member of the Exec-
utive Yuan. Although she was a
daughter of a Chinese mandarin of
the Manchi dynasty, Madame Wei
participated in the Chinese revolu-
a.:- . 0 . , .y
or facial characteristics. It is these Honoring six women for outstand-
irrelevant biological features which ing work in activities and seven for
are used to disguise the fundamental top scholastic records, Assembly Or-
economic causes of race prejudice, he
said. ganization presented its annual Rec-
ognition Night yesterday to a capa-
"The situation is really plain and city crowd.
simple. It boils down to who is going The winning entry in the Assembly
to get the jobs; who is going to eat," theme song contest was announced
Prof. White continued, as "Assembly, We Sing to Thee,"
yar- written by Helen Alpert, '47, Tappan
ranged o so ial sytge s -House, and Alice Berberian. '46SM.
ragdso that the struggle to ob-Itws'ugb th
tain the mere essentials of living is Stockwell. It was sung by the-
unneessrythen race conflicts will Women's Glee Club, under the direc-
unnecessary,"then rae. tion of Jean Gilman and accornpa- ,
be lessened," he stated.InidbBerl poow
., anied by Beverly Solorow.
1 t
4
3
1
101
'. Iuna'
*Balaoan
"Bacnotap
South C hina S eaSanFer and
~~ Sea Saangn~d
Bolsnao SANTIAGO 9iny'Z
CA RR-AN Agoo. Pugo_-
/ - U..~~e ,Sto-
.Banc- -G l
_:Aaminos _ ariFabian
rgos.
-..Labrador--"' ~agupan
Hermos 'jN - Lrdaneta-
NUON
is Xuca lon 4aa olion
Education has been suggested as
the solution to race problems, yet an
analysis of the situation clearly shows
that race prejudice has become more
prevalent with the growth of educa-
tion. There is far less racial discrimi-
nation among the poorer educated
peoples of Brazil than there is in'
the United States, he said.
Russia has demonstrated that a
social system different from ours
can bring about very different race
relations. In other societies which
stress mutual aid instead of compe-
tition and struggle, race prejudice
does not exist. If our economic sys-
tem were rearranged on this basis,
many of our so-called race problems
could be lessened, he concluded.
Report German
Ardennes Line
Near Eiollapse
By The Associated Press
PARIS, Jan. 11-The western end
of the German's Ardennes salient-
carved out in their costly December
counteroffensive-appeared today to
be caving under Allied pressure from
three sides.
There were indications that Ger-
man Field Marshal Karl Von Rund-
stedt already had shifted most of his
forces to the eastern end of the
wedge in Belgium.
The Germans acknowledged quit-
ting St. Hubert, southwestern an-
chor town of the salient. Although
his report was without Allied confir-
mation, the German radio said St.
Hubert, 14 miles west of Bastogne,,
was evacuated before the AmericansI
entered it.
Laroche, another communications
hub on the north side of the salient,
was being mopped up rapidly after
having been bypassed by American
armor and infantry in a general ad-
vance.
New IFC Ball
PFlans Complete'
Final plans have been announced
for the twelfth annual Interfrater-
nity Ball to be held from 9 p. m. to
midnight Saturday in the Leaguej
ballroom. I
Fletcher Henderson and his orche-
stra have definitely promised to be
present for the dance according to
Bliss Bowman, president of IFC. They
failed to show up for the dance on
the originally scheduled date in De-
cember.
Bowman emphasized that tickets
"must not be sold to independents"
and said that ticket stubs will be
checked at the door.
Activities Awards Announced
The activities award for the sen-
ior class went to Marjorie Hall, Mar-
tha Cook, with Mary Ann Eibler,
Mosher, as runner-up. Dorothy Ser-
vis, Janet Peterson, and Lee Amer
received honorable mention. Miss
Hall is the present president of the
Women's War Council, and has been
active in W.A.A., Post War Council,
JGP, a member of the Women's Glee
Club. and of the women's staff of
The Michigan Daily. Miss Eibler has
been active in WAA, Surgical Dress-
ings, and Bomber Scholarship.
The winner of the activities award
for the junior class was Claire Ma-
caulay, Martha Cook, Frances Gold-
berg, Martha Cook, runner-up. Miss
Macaulay served as general chairman
of Assembly Recognition Night, and
has worked on JGP, Red Cross, Sur-
gical Dressings, and the League So-
cial Committee. Miss Goldberg has
been active in Assembly, JGP, League
Merit Committee, and surgical dress-
ings.
Sophomore Honors Told
Activities honors in the sophomore
class went to Betty Bidwell, Betsy
Barbour. who has participated in
JGP, League social committee, surgi-
cal dressings, and USO work. Run-
ner-up Judith Rado, Helen Newberry,
has served as a member of the '47
corps, as a judiciary committee aide,
and a 'U' Hospital volunteer.
Awards for high scholastic records
were presented by Ira M. Smith, Uni-
See INDEPENDENTS, Page 5
More Than 300
To Graduate
Feb. 24 Set for Third
i
WHERE AMERICANS INVADE LUZON-Arrow indicates American
landings, along the coast of the Lingayen Gulf on Luzon island in the
Philippines. It was announced that four beachheads at undisclosed
points have been established.
JAG Officer Candidate Will
Rec a
ei0ve Silver' Sta iai
Wartime Exercises
More than 300 candidates for de-
grees will be graduated Feb. 24 in
the third war-time mid-winter grad-
uation exercises, Herbert G. Watkins,
Assistant Secretary of the University,
announced yesterday.
The Literary College has the lar-
gest number on the list of tentative
graduates with 135 students schedul-
ed to receive degrees. Ninety candi-
dates for degrees represent the grad-
uate school and 35 engineering stu-
dents are on the tentative list. Edu-
cation is next with 14 graduates.
Prof. Campbell Bonner, of the
Greek department, who will begin
his retirement furlough at the end
of this term, will address the gradu-
ates. The ceremony comes at the
last day of the final examination per-
iod.
Since the first mid-winter gradu-
ation, Jan. 23, 1943, the total of stu-
dents receiving degrees has steadily
declined. More than 800 students
had degrees conferred upon them in
1943 in ceremonies that were held
before the final examination week.
Officer Candidate James I. Hardy,
a member of the Ninth Officer Can-
didate class of the JAG School, will
be presented with the Silver Stardby
Maj.-Gen. Myron C. Cramer, Judge
Advocate General of the U.S. Army,
at commencement exercises to be
held at 4 p.m. tomorrow on the lawns
of the Law Quadrangle.
Commencement exercises will be
held for 86 members of the Ninth
Officer Candidate class and for sthe
23 members of the 20th officer class.l
For Gallantry
Cand. Hardy, who, with his class
will be commissioned as a second
lieutenant in the U.S. Army, was
awarded the Silver Star when, as a
private on a wire repair team in
Normandy, he stayed at his post
repairing severe d communication
lines under extremely hazardous
circumstances.
Members of the 20th Officer Class
already hold commissions ranging
from second lieutenant to lieuten-
ant-colonel.
The 10th Officer Candidate class,
which will graduate in March and
the Eighth Contracts and Readjust-
ment Class, graduating Feb. 3, will
also participate in the ceremony
along with Gen. Cramer's aide, Lt.
Sherman T. McDowell (18 O.C.
class), and Mr. George S. Holmes,
Chief, Technical Information, JAGO,
Washington, D.C.
Banquet at Allenel
A banquet will be held for the
graduates commencing at 7 p.m. at
the Allenel Hotel. Also present at!
the banquet will be Gen. Cramer, his
two aides, Col. William H. McCarty,
Spanish Clu1 Will
Meet Today in Unioni
Spanish songs will be sung by stu-
dents of Spanish 31, under the di-
rection of Francisco Villegas, at the
meeting of La Sociedad Hispanica to
be held at 8 p. m. today in the Union.
A short business meeting will pre-
cede the program, during which tick-
ets for the Spanish lecture series
will be distributed. All members are
requested to attend.
Commanding Officer. Section 1,I
Sixth Service Command, Lt.-Col.
Reginald Miller, Commandant of the
JAG School, the faculty of the JAG
School and some University facultye
members.
Formal presentation of commis-c
sions will take place Saturday int
Rm. 100 Hutchins Hall.f
Subscripttons
For Ensian ont
Sale Todayt
Subscriptions for the 49th volume
of the "Michiganension," student
yearbook, will be sold on campus to-
day and tomorrow.
This year the 'Ensian will again be
published in one complete issue, in-
stead of in the three magazine is-
sues sold last year.,
In the past the 'Ensian was al-
ways sold as one issue, but last year,
because of war time expenditures,
the three issue volume was printed.
A revisal of the budget, and the ap-
peals of students have warranted the
return to the traditional one volume
yearbook, according to Betty Hendel,
in charge of sales.
Dormitories and larger residence
halls will be contacted for subscrip-
tions next week.
The 'Ensian contains the activities
of everyone on campus in addition
to pictures of the graduates. The
'Ensian is not only a senior year-
book, but also a student yearbook, for
its contents are of interest to all
students.
Brown Speaks
On Washington
Discussing, "The Effect of Pres-
sure Groups Upon the Government,"
former senator Prentiss Brown yes-
terday told the Ann Arbor Rotary
Club that while voters become impa-
tient with such groups, they perform
an important function in United
States government.
Pressure organizations such as
labor unions and the farm bloc are
carefully watched, Brown pointed
out. Consistently constructive groups,
like the National Association of Col-
lege Professors, are welcomed in
Washington, and often initiate some
of our best legislation, he said.
Brown, now president of the De-
Enemy Provides
Scant Opposition
By The Associated. Press
GENERAL MACARTHUR'S HEAD-
UARTERS, Luzon, Thursday, Jan.
1-Under the impetus of Tuesday
norning's power-packed landing,
kmerican troops by mid-day Wednes-
ay had carved out a Luzon beach-
lead 15 miles wide and an average
>f four miles deep, still finding lit-
le or no opposition. They captured
our key towns and an airstrip less
han 120 miles north of Manila.
Gen. Douglas MacArthur's com-
nunique today, the second issued
From his Luzon headquarters, an-
ounced the four separate beach-
ieads along Lingayen Gulf had been
onsolidated in the first 24 hours of
lmost bloodless invasion from San
Fabian to Lingayen.
Enemy Deceived
MacArthur said the enemy "com-
pletely deceived" by the landing at
pis rear, was bringing up reinforce-
nents from the southern part of the
sland. This presaged an early open-
ing of the real battle for Luzon.
Three key rail and highway bridges
at Calumpit, 25 miles northwest of
lanila, were destroyed in the aerial
blasting of all Luzon in support of
he invasion.
It was around Calumpit in the
dark days of late 1941 that MacAr-
hur's American and Filipino forces
fought a bitter delaying action. This
prevented the Japanese, who had
landed at Antimonan on the east
coast, from plunging straight toward
Manila before the American cow-
nander had time to pull in his ad-
vanced scattered forces in the con-
verging withdrawal that ended on
Bataah Peninsula.
Japs Use Al Garrisons
Virtually isolated as were the Am-
ericans on Luzon three years ago, the
Japanese on the island are forced to
call upon dispersed garrisons to neet
the formidable, tank-led American
Sixth Army driving southward from
Lingayen Gulf.
Somewhere south of Lingayen,
Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese
commander in the Philippines, must
make a stand. How much of a stand
will depend on quickly and how si-
cessfully he succeeds in bringing
troops from the central Luzon plain
in the face of day and night U. S. air
assaults.
The Americans crossed most of the
swamps and "fish pond" areas,
which posed the chief terrain obsta-
cle, in their spectacular and virtually
bloodless drive inland.
Horowitz Will
Appear Monday
Sixth Concert Will
Present Famed Pianist
Names that lead the war news of
the world are associated with the
birth and career of Vladimir Horo-
witz, young Russian-American pian-
ist who will be heard in the sixth
Choral Union concert at 8:30 p.m.
Monday in Hill Auditorium.
Horowitz was born in Kiev, one of
Russia's "holy" cities which was the
scene of many bloody battles during
the present war, on Oct. 1, 1904, son
of a cultured and artistic family.
Played Piano at Six
His father was an engineer, and
his mother was a graduate musician
of the Conservatory at Kiev. He
began to be a pianist at the age of
six under the tutelage of his mother.
He next studied with Sergei Tar-
nowsky until the age of sixteen when
he entered the Conservatory, in the
classes of Prof. Felix Blumenfeld,
pupil of Rubinstein. He was grad-
uated two years later.
His uncle, a music critic of. Khar-
kov, where the bloodiest battles of
the Russian campaign have been
fought, arranged for his debut there.
The concert was successful enough
to warrant a tour, his first, which
took him all over Russia. Often his
concerts were paid for with flour and
butter, where there was no money.
Toured Europe
Later tours took him to Austria,
Germany, Holland, Italy, France,
Cna. ., ori- vr!annt, ratl , nuinnd
DETERMINATION BEST EQUIPMENT:
Yank Patrols Battle Weather
WITH THE U.S. FIRST ARMY.
Jan. 10.-(A)- "Our patrols were
deafened and blinded by weather."
One official Army report began
with those words today. Then it
ed to advance and keep on advan-
cing.
The strong limbs of the evergreen
trees sag with burdens of snow. Long
sections of the roads are wholly hid-
. __ _ . .aI ,. ..,
Generally they are the best
equipped soldiers in the world but
they never were adequately out-
fitted for this. That would require
an Ar in ccan . r al h nr