THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUNDAY
Fifty-Fifth Year .
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
Use of Nazi Labor Opposed
ANDRE GIDE'S POLITICAL ALLEGORY:
I
Prof. Rowe Reviews 'Imaginary Interviews'
I
I
91'
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Editorial Staff
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Margaret Farmer
Bay Dixon .
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Dick Strickland
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Editorials Published in The Michigan Daily
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War Criminals
UST TREATMENT of war criminals is one of
the biggest problems which- faces the peace-
loving nations of the world. Upon our handling
of this problem rests the probability of another
major war in the near future. An easy peace
will give aggressor nations an opportun~ty to
take up where they left off; a hard peace will.
embitter future generations until they are able
to erase it. The determination of what is a just
peace, then, is as precarious as it is essential.
The most ambiguous phase of the problem is
what constitutes a war criminal. It has been
asserted that all fascists are criminals simply
because of their beliefs-regardless of what
circumstances led them to accept fascism. A
recent editorial on this page charged :that
ALL freedom-loving Germans are dead.
Certainly the ringleaders of a movement which
aimed to subjugate the many for the benefit of
the few-an idea not peculiar to those we call
By DREW PEARSON
W ASHINGTON-One inside question discussed
at Yalta which has come up to plague the
Truman administration is the use of German
prisoner labor by the Russians. When it arose
at Yalta, Admiral William Leahy was the chief
man who opposed Stalin's plan to have Ger-
man labor rebuild the shattered cities of Russia.
However, Stalin was very firm on this point and
Roosevelt sided with him.
Since then the question has arisen during
off-the-record reparations discussions and
high-up Catholic leaders inside the adminis-
tration have opposed the use of prison labor.
So also has the AFL.
Finally, however, a compromise has been ar-
ranged, satisfactory to all sides. Germans who
were members of the Gestapo, members of the
SS, or party leaders will be subject to prison
labor in rebuilding Russia, France and the liber-
ated countries, but non-Nazi Germans will not.
New reparations chief Ed Pauley took these
and other German reparations questions up with
Congressional leaders when he lunched on cap-
itol hill last week.
"There is only one way we can get Germany
to pay for the ruination she's caused," Pauley
explained. "She can't do it with money, be-
cause the Germans have no money. And they
can't do it with materials or exports because
if we rebuild German industry in order to pay
us in exports, then we restore her war-making
potentialities.
"Therefore, the only way Germany can pay
for her damage," Pauley continued, "is through
labor. No one likes the idea of slave labor, but
the Germans have been accustomed to spending
a certain number of years in the army. That,
in a sense, is forced labor. My thought is that
since Germany won't have any army in the
future, and since they are accustomed to con-
scription, they can now adopt reconstruction
instead of conscription."
Fickle U.S. Opinion -
REACTION of the different congressmen was
unanimously favorable. Even GOP Repre-
sentative John Taber of Auburn, N. Y., (a fruit
and dairy area) made no objection, except to
say: "I trust you will leave German prisoners
in the United States where they are this year so
we can get enough labor to harvest the crops."
Pauley assured him this would be done.
Senator Tydings of Maryland concurred
with the plan, but added: "The public will be
with you en this now, but in one year you'll
have the sentimentalists in this country howl-
ing about the starving Germans. So be pre-
pared to have people turn against you later."
Pauley observed that he had had a survey
made of the newspapers after the last war and
found that within two years after the armistice,
American public opinion had reversed itself to
such an extent that there was more sympathy
for Germany than for France.
NOTE-This time public opinion is already
veering against Russia, which in this war oc-
cupied the same position as France in the last.
Congress Pay Hike .*R
REPUBLICAN CONGRESSMEN smiled know-
ingly last week when the House voted a
$2,500 expense allowance for its members with-
out a word of protest from Representative Reid
Murray of Ogdensburg, Wis. During cloakroom
conversations, the portly Murray was loud in
attacking the $2,500 expense hike.
He would not only vote against it, he said, but
was preparing a blistering speech attacking the
expense hike when it came to the house floor.
About a week before it came to the floor,
however, Republican Representative Walter
Ploeser of St. Louis, a member of the approp-
riations committee, heard Murray say he in-
tended to speak against the $2,500 allowance.
Ploeser, who supported the $2,500 provision,
told Murray that he was very interested in the
latter's attitude-in fact, he said, he was very
much hiterested in Murray's entire career.
"I think I'm going to look up your record,"
Ploeser said with an ominous look in his eye.'
A day later, Ploeser appeared in the cloak-
room with a bulky manila envelope under his
arm and looked meaningly at Murray. Next day
he told Murray he had been getting a lot of
interesting facts on Murray's past during his
research. On the third day, Ploeser appeared
with a larger manila envelope.
"I've really got the stuff here now," he said.
"Do you still intend to speak against the $2,500
allowance?"
The next day Ploeser appeared with the same
ON SECOND
THOUGHT...
By Bay Dixon
PORTS fiends went nuts yesterday. Baseball
track, golf and tennis all were being played
simultaneously. Must have been tough on these
popular girls who have a man in every sport.
The Daily recently confused the two profes-
sors on campus named Arthur Dunham-one
of which is in the history department and the
other being a professor of community organ-
ization. As one staff member put it, "We
dunham wrong."
large envelope, but with more papers in it.
When the matter came to the floor a few days
later, Murray was on hand-holding his throat
in his hands and explaining hoarsely that he had
a terrible case of laryngitis. He was able to talk
well enough the next day.
NOTE-Friends say Congressman Ploeser
never looked up Murray's record. Only had
blank paper stuffed in the manila envelope.
Capitol Chaff . , .
A MEICAN FILM distributors have been asked
by the OWI to concentrate on pictures deal-
ing with the Japanese war for showing in
France and the European countries. Such
films as "Guadalcanal Diary," "Air Force,"
"Wake Island," "Bataan," "Corregidor," and
"Thirty Seconds over Tokyo" are being featured
in France this month. , . Time was growing short
during a recent hearing before the House foreign
affairs committee, and Chairman Sol Bloom an-
nounced that all further witnesses testifying on
Representative Vito Marcantonio's resolution to
accord Italy the status of a full belligerant would
b limited to two minutes. One of the last to
appear was Mrs. Jimmy Savo, wife of the famous
pantomime artist. She identified herself and
gave her address. "Why, that's in my district,"
said Bloom smiling. Take all the time you want,
Mrs. Savo.".. .
Whenever Senator Biblo disagrees with
someone, he begins to wonder if that person
has Negro blood. Recently he asked a news-
paperman if Mrs. Katherine Shryver, secretary
of the National Committee to Abolish the Poll
Tax, was white or Negro? What Bilbo didn't
know is that Mrs. Shryver is. eligible for the
DAR by both parents, that her family came to
America shortly after Plymouth Rock, that a
large part of her family lives in Bilbo's own
state of Mississippi and that she is a cousin of
Representative Compton White of Idaho.
(copyright, 1945, Bell syndicate)
Dominie Says
E ACH ONE OF US who waits for the daily
event of the San Francisco Conference looks
on in mingled hope and fear-our own specific
brand of fear-because we have habitually ex-
cluded this group of people or that one from our
own blue-print for a United World. Inclusive-
ness is one of the categories toward which the
enireinternational effort must strive and yet
that goal by its very nature beggars those states-
men who perforce are compelled to attempt it.
It may be wise, therefore, to overlook the dis-
crepancy between headline and story in every
newspaper. Neither the delegates, however wise,
or national statesmen, nor the representatives of
the press, however experienced in affairs, ever
had an opportunity to think social control on a
world scale. The timing of, events will live in
history as phenomenal for who but the remark-
able team, Churchill-Stalin-Roosevelt, with tb/ir
field generals and ocean admirals could have so
dated this meeting at the Golden Gate. How-
ever, long after that timing shall have been re-
duced to an accurate measurement of military
might of victor versus vanquished, men will be
exhausting their skill in gratitude for the fact
that forty-six delegations could meet 6,000 miles
from Berlin and those battles of a century to
deliberate for the termination of war.
The mastery of inclusiveness is found in es-
sence, not numbers; in meanings, not vastness.
In the main the problems philosophical have al-
ways been solved by ethical theory. Man used
either the Hedonistic basis with happiness or
pleasure as the aim, or Intuitional theories all
ending in unswerving obedience to duty as the
objective, or the Functional nations, all of which
emphasize activity, or self-realization as the
goal. If we find ourselves served by the func-
tional theories, we will see merit in W. G. Ev-
eretts sentence in Moral Values, "A social order
in which each member of the group may have
a fair field for his activities and the fullest op-
portunity for self-development, without infring-
ing upon the similar rights of every other mem-
ber of the group in the present or in future
generations."
It is only with some such measuring stick
that one can hope to bring order into his
own personality as he contemplates the work
imposed on the delegations. They virtually
are invited to model, out of a world collapsed
at our feet by colossal greeds, hates, cruel-
ties and falsehoods an order such as Chris-
tianity set forth 2000 years ago in such stun-
mng words as these:.
"Ye have heard that it was said, Thou shalt
love thy neighbor, and that thine enemy:
but I say unto you, Love your enemies, and
pray for them that persecute you; that ye
may be sons of your Father who is in heaven:
for He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and
the good, and sendeth rain on the just and
the unjust. For if ye love them that love,
you, what reward have ye? Do not even the
publicans the same? And if ye salute your.
brethren only, what do ye more than others?
do not even the Gentiles the same? Ye there-
fore shall be perfect as your heavenly Father
is perfect." (Matt. 5:39-48.)
Edward W. Blakeman
Counselor in Religious Education
IMAGINARY INTERVIEWS by An-
dre Gide, translated from the
French by Malcolm Bowley. Knopf,
New York, 1944. $2.00.
IN THE CURRENT NEWS of the
United Nations conference, France
is referred to as "the forgotten na-
tion .. . today silent and almost with-
out influence." Those who urge more
regard to France are watching De
Gaulle's organization of her army
and foreseeing the return of France
to the position of a great power in
Europe. Whatever the future mili-
tary strength of France may become,
it may well be that, as so often in the
past, France's greatest significance to
future history will be in intelectual
and spiritual leadershipg. A notable
proportion of the best thought acted
upon by other modern nations re-
ceived its communicable forumula-
tion in France. Publication in Eng-
lish of the Imaginary Interviews of
Andre Gide is a reminder that the
gift of France of most value neither
died nor could be made wholly voice-
less even under the suppression
which she has endured.
Andre Gide is the author of
seventy-odd volumes covering al-
most every literary field, poems,
plays criticism, general essays, per-
sonal memoirs and travel diaries,
and novels. After the fall of France,
Gide, then in his seventies, began
contributing in November, 1941, to
Le Figaro dialogues with an imag-
ined journalist, the "interviews" of
the published volume. He had dis-
covered that honest political judg-
ments could escape the Vichy cen-
sorship by presentation as literary
criticism. On the subject of poetic
discipline, for example, he could
write "the magic of poetry depends
on laws observed and resistance
overcome" and then with double
meaning, "don't think that facility
is what I am seeking; on the con-
trary, it is resistance," and "unless
there is resistance, the mind has no
base from which to rise." What he
had written was impeccable before
the censor, yet through two chap-
ters, or "interviews," the changes
are rung on the word resistance
until it must have become a call
and challenge to every French
reader. In an innocent grammati-
cal comment, on synonomous phras-
es he expresses preference for par
opposition-and gives the phrase a
significant thrust. le occasionally
makes remarks such as, "Naturally
we are speaking only of literature,"
and thereby directs his readers to
look for something else as well.
FOR his political allegory Gide
makes no sacrifice of the precision
of his discussion of literature, nor
is his allegory merely verbal. For
the disciplined individualism which
is the core of Gide's view of art, "re-
sistance" is a naturally recurring
word, and the idea is associated with
nobility in the artist, the capacity
for struggle with their mediums to
express great themes of such as
Michelangelo, Dante, and Beetho-
ven. Gide by long cultivation of a
subtle and reticient style was pecul-
iarly equipped to communicate his
political thoughts by implication and
thereby preserve his intellectual free-
dom actively as well as inwardly in
spite of censors.
Actually, however, it is in the
fulfillment of their purpose as dis-
cussion of the literary art that the
Imaginary Interviews are most sig-
nificant politically and heartening
for the future of France. To con-
tinue to exercise publicly the par-
ticular wholehearted devotion of
his own life, that to literature, was
Gide's personal gesture of freedom;
and that he discussed art not in
withdrawal from but in immediate
association with thought of his
country's fate, and with all the
mature balance and brilliance of
his powers, is reassurance of the
enduring power of mind over chaos.
Moreover, in the sense of living
continuity of French and European
culture with which Gide discusses
literature there is affirmation of
the older valuesrwhich were threat-
ened with destruction.
IN the Imaginary Interviews, as in
the setting up of the clandestine
.publishing house of the Editions de
Minuit in 1941 by Vercors (Jean
Bruller) and Mine. Desvignes, not for
propaganda, but to issue works of
genuine literary merit as such, one
is iipressed with the difference be-
tween the synthetic identification of
literature and politics of Marxian
theory and the creation of literature
as a political action by these French
intellectuals, primarily as a manifes-
tation of freedom of the mind and
spirit.
Gide is one among many French
writers who have undertaken since
the fall of France reorientation of
humane values. Saint-Exupery in
"Flight to Arras," in the symbolic
detachment of flight by night over
his beloved and destroyed France
reexamining and discovering anew
the meanings enriched and more
snre, of love of country, duty, free-
dom, the diuity of man, the good-
ness of earth, the bonds between
men, gave us before his death
the most profound book I have
read to come out of the war. Per-
haps with "The importance which,"
as Gide says, the properly French
spirit attaches to definition, "the
feeling for logic and form which
characteristically combines think-
er and artist in the French 'intel-
-
Publication in the Daily Official Bul-
letin is constructive notice to all mem-
bers of the University. Notices for the
Bulletin should be sent in typewritten
form to the Assistant to the President,
1021 Angell Hall, by 2:30 p. m. of the day
preceding publication (10:30 a. m. Sat-
urdays).
CENTRAL WAR TIME USED IN
THE DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN.
SUNDAY, MAY 20, 1945
VOL. LV., No. 152
Notices
American Red Cross: The American
Red Cross, being urgently in need of
additional personnel, has asked the
University to call this situation to
the attention of .women graduates of
this year and the recent past who
may be qualified Social Workers,
Recreation Workers, Hospital Work-
ers, and Staff Assistants for Club,
Clubmobile, and Recreation Centers,
for domestic and foreign service.
Those who are interested and believe
themselves qualified are advised to
consult at once with Mrs. Wells I.
Bennett, Chairman of Personnel Re-
cruitment of the Ann Arbor Red
Cross Headquarters, 25546, or direct-
ly with Mrs. Bennett, 21278).
All Students. Registration for Sum-
mer Term and Summer Session. Each
student should plan to register for
himself according to the alphabetical
schedules for June 28 and 29. Regis-
trations by proxy will not be accept-
ed.
Registration Material. College of
L.S. & A., Schools of Education, Mu-
sic, Public Health. Students should
call for, summer registration mate-
rial at Room 4, University Hall be-
ginning May 21. Please see your ad-
viser and secure all necessary signa-
tures before examinations begin.
Registration Material. College of
Architecture: Students should call
for summer material at Room 4, Uni-
versity Hall beginning May 21. The
College of Architecture will post an
announcement in the near future
giving time of conference with your
classifier. Please wait for this notice
before seeing your adviser.
Registration Material. School of
Forestry and Conservation. Registra-
tion material should be called for be-
ginning May 21 at Room 2048, Natu-
ral Science Bldg.
State of Michigan Civil Service an-
nouncements for the following have
been received in our office. Biophysi-
cist III, $280 to $340, Blind Place-
ment Worker I, $180 to $220, and
Light Highway Equipment Operator
B, $75 to $1.05 and hour. For fur-
ther information stop in at 201
Mason Hall, Bureau of Appoint-
ments.
City of Detroit Civil Service an-
nouncements for Technical Aid
(Male & Female) (Business Admin-
istration, General, and Medical Sci-
ence), $37.54 to $20.07 for 40-hour
week, and $28.81 to $52.13 for 48-
hour week, and Jr. Engineering Aid
(Male & Female), $42.53 to $45.26
for 40-hour week, and $55.31 to
$58.88 for 48-hour week, have been
received in our office. Further in-
formation can be obtained at the
Bureau of Appointments, 201 Mason
Hall.
Michigan State Civil Service Con-
mission: will be in our office on
Tuesday, May 22, to interview all
seniors who would be interested in
employment with them. For appoint-
ment call the Bureau of Appoint-
ments, University Ext. 371.
Camps and Resorts are looking for
summer workers. Anyone interested
apply at the Bureau of Appoint-
ments, 201 Mason Hall.
The American Viscose Corporation:
Meadville, Pa., need engineering and
chemistry students for the summer.
Men interested apply at Bureau of
Appointments, 201 Mason Hall.
Petitioning for Junior Girls' Play
will be extended until 4 CWT Mon-
day, May 20. Petitioning is open to
all first and second semester sopho-
mores who now possess eligibility
. -A , Trin .arniuiir m rill ,n f nm 1
A cademijc Notices
Doctoral Examination for Evelyn
Pearl Kenesson, Speech; thesis: "A
Study of the Speeches and Speech-
Making of James Burrill Angell,"
Monday, May 21, East Council Room,
Rackham Building, at 1:00 p.m.
C.W.T. Chairman, L. M. Eich.
By action of the Executive Board
the Chairman may invite members
of the faculties and advanced doc-
toral candidates to attend this ex-
amination, and he may grant per-
mission to those who for sufficient
reason might wish to be present.
Doctoral Examination for Oreon
Pierre Keeslar, Education: thesis:
"Contributions of Instructional Films
to the Teaching of 'High School Sci-
ence," Tuesday, May 22, East Council
Room, Rackham, at 3:00 p.m. C.W.T.
Chairman, F. D. Curtis.
By action of the Executive Board
the Chairman may invite members
of the faculties and advanced doc-
toral candidates to attend this ex-
amination, and he may grant per-
mission to those who for sufficient
reason might wish to be present.
Concerts
Student Recital: Helen Elizabeth
Ashley, pianist, will present a recital
in partial fulfillment of the require-
ments for the degree of Bachelor of
Music at 7:30 CWT, Tuesday evening,
May 22, in Lydia Mendelssohn Thea-
ter. Her program will include com-
positions by Bach, Beethoven, Schu-
mann, and Triggs, and will be open
to the general public. Miss Ashley is
a student of Joseph Brinkman.
Exhibitions
Sixteenth Annual Exhibition of
Sculpture of the Institute of Fine
Arts: In the Concourse of the Michi-
gan League Building. Display will be
on view daily until Commencement.
Twenty-Second Annual Exhibition
by the Artists of Ann Arbor and
vicinity: In the Mezzanine Exhibition
Rooms of the Rackham Building
daily, except Sunday, 2 to 5 and 7
to 10 p.m. The public is cordially
invited.
"Krishna Dancing with the Milk-
maids" an original Rajput brush
drawing with studies of the hands in
crayon. Also examples of Indian fab-
rics. Auspices, the Institute of Fine
Arts, through May 26; Monday-Fri-
day, 1-4; Saturday, 9-11, CWT. Al-
umni Memorial Hall, Rm. B.
Events Today
MYDA: Joint meeting with Wayne
AYD Today 1:30 to 3:30 CWT and
4:00 to 5:30 CWT, at the Mich-
igan Union. Edward W. McFar-
land, professor of economics at
Wayne University, will speak on the
Bretton Woods and San Francisco
conferences. Open discussion of world
problems will follow. Students and
faculty are invited.
Dr. Rueben Kann will lecture at
the International Center today at
6:30 p.m. His topic will be "The
Caribbean Area". The public is cor-
dially invited.
The Merchant of Venice will be
reviewed by the students in Speech
163, promptly at 7 CWT, Tuesday
evening May 22 in Rm. 4203 Angell
Hall. The platform acting and narra-
tive-recital method will be used. Per-
sons interested are cordially invited
to this program.
The Congregational-Disciples Guild
will meet at 4:00 p.m. CWT at the
First Congregational Church. Follow-
ing the supper will be the Guild An-
nual Election. It is important that
all Guild members be there. The
closing Worship Service will be led
by Russell Fuller.
Coming Events
Post-War Council Meeting will be
held Monday, May 21, at 3 CWT in
the Union.
The Folk Dancers invite the stu-
dents, faculty and their friends to a
special meeting Tuesday, May 22,
7:15-10:15 at the Unitarian Church
at the corner of Huron and State St.
Mr. Sam Weinfield of Detroit will
teath folk dances of Slavic origin.
The regular Thursday meeting will
not be held.
The Cercle Francais will hold its
last meeting Tuesday, May 22, from
lectual', and the alchemy of trans-
mutation of national and personal
experience into universalities, it
may fall to some of the younger
writers now holding their peace
and allowing their thoughts and
their qualities of heart to be forti-
field little by little in solitude and
silence," to whom Gide looked for
the "future values of France," to be
also the representatives of France's
future and influence in the world,
-Kenneth Rowe
I
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
'4
I
fascists-are criminals.
..... ........
t
t
t ..
But what about the people who 'eribraced
fascism as the only hope for their national
political and economic recovery? What about
the generation educated to believe in fascism
as sincerely and as altruistically as most Amer-
icans believe in democracy?
What about those people who joined the
fascist movement through social or political
pressure because they lacked courage to oppose
it, or because they knew it would be imiiossible
to realize any personal ambitions outside the
movement?
Are these confused and frightened people,
trapped by circumstances too big for them, to
be considered war criminals?
Their ignorance and their cowardice and their
avarice have made possible the near-success of
the degraded schemes of the fascist leaders.
But we have fought a war to prove that there
is no master race. Why expect, then, that these
people should display behavior superior to our
own?
The fascist nations are not races of intellec-
tuals and heroes, any more than we are. They
saw the economic, political, and social ruin
which descended upon those who dared to stand
against the current. Most of them fell into
line.
R In similar circumstances, how many Niemol-
lers, Schuschniggs and Herriots would this
nation produce-a greater proportion than the
"human cordwood" that now fills Dachau, Bel-
, sen, and Buchenwald? Would we have had no
Lavals, no Quislings, no Henleins?
Would our neighborhood bullies have been less
brutal than the SS if their activities had been
legalized and encouraged?
'How many of us would follow democratic
beliefs if they had not been taught us front
childhood, if following the philosophy of
equality and freedom meant danger and dis-
grace instead of profit and acceptance?
War criminals cannot be punished harshly
enouh in tnn fnr the misery they have enuser
BARNABY
What an experience! He went over the rail
right near where we were standing at the
bow of the ferry! My back was turned, but-
Barnaby believes J. J. O'Malley is his
imaginary Fairy Godfather. That he
flew away safely. On his pink wings.
i_ I
By Crockett Johnson
Mello, Mr. O'Malley.,
Mello, Bamnabv