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VOL. LV, No. 122 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN SUNDAY, APRIL 15, 1945
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Berlin
Threatened by East,
est Front Juncture
I* i Y. ,.1-
* *
Nation
Pays
Homage
* *
To
Lat
* * *
e President
Tension Mounts
J
Somber Crowds Line
Streets of Washington
Franklin Roosevelt Passes in Death
Through City of 12 Year Service
EDITOR'S °OTE: Monroe Fink, formerly a member of the Daily editorial
staff, and A an Anderson, both freshmen in the law school, travelled to the
Capital to cover the President's funeral for the Daily.
WASHINGTON, D. C., Saturday, April 14-Before hushed, somber
crowds, which lined the streets three deep from Union Station to the
White House, Franklin D.. Roosevelt, borne on a tassle draped artillery
caisson drawn by six white horses, passed in death through Wash-
ington, D. C., the city where for over 12 years he had served as chief
executive of the United States.
Before a select group of relatives, friends and high ranking gov-
ernment and diplomatic officials the funeral services of the Episco-
pal Church were performed in the East Room of the White House at
4 p. m. today, but the little people, over 400,000 of them, paid their
respects this morning when at the end of the parade of soldiers,
sailors, Marines, WACS and WAVES, they saw the flag-wrapped
casket containing the body of their departed president pass by.
Streets Fill With People
By 8 p. m. the streets in the vicinity of Union Station began to fill
with people awaiting arrival of the presidential funeral train due at 10.
By 9:30 the entire route along Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave-
nues was full with women, children and many a government office
worker who turned a half day vacation into a full day in order to see
this historic procession. Many of those who stayed on the job watched
from the office windows of such government buildings along the way
as the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Internal
Revenue.
The vendors were out as usual selling peanuts and ice cream
but the crowd in contrast was quiet and solemn. There was very
little talking, and that was not above a whisper.
As the funeral caisson, followed by cars bearing the Roosevelt
family, President Truman, Secretary of Commerce Wallace and ex-
War Mobilization chief James F. Byrnes, passed by we could see tears
in the eyes of a red headed office worker and an elderly Negro stand-
ing on either side of us.
Funeral Cortege Arrives
It was 11:14 a. in., almost an hour and a quarter after the Ma.-.
rine band had sounded the first notes of the funeral march, that the
funeral cortege arrived at the White House. Numerous secret service
men and local police, soldiers, sailors and Marines standing ten feet
apart from each other lined the route of the procession.
Those standing along Constitution Ave. heard at 8:40 the hol-
low, rattling ominous sound of the empty funeral caisson being drawn
by its six horses to the station. At almost the sanie time 21 buses
carrying 638 midshipmen who were to form part of the guard of honor
for their late commander-in-chief arrived from Annapolis.
Businesses Closed
In honor of the memory of the late president all businesses with
the exception of food stores, which remained open part of today, will
be closed until Monday. Theatres, night clubs, business organiza-
tions-all are closed. Federal employes stopped work during the after-
noon and District of Columbia employes, except ' those engaged in
emergency services, were given the entire day. Georgetown Univer-
sity cancelled all classes and military personnel on the campus con-
formed to army regulations governing the observance of the President's
See SOMBER, Page 2
MEMORIAL SERVICES:
Program Honoring Roosevelt
Will Be Held in Hill Auditorium
GUERILLA WARFARE:
V-E Day Will Not End Fighting
* : :k
* , *
By JAMES M. LONG
Associated Press Correspondent
PARIS, April 14-({P)-Victory on
the European front by Allied proc-
lamation-whenever it comes-prob-
abily will not mean an end of fight-
ing on a military scale in Germany
or its stolen outposts.
The best information here is that
if the fighting is not broken down
to mere guerrilla warfare by late fall,
it might conceivably stretch on
through the winter in the pass-
guarded hideaways of Norway and
southern Germany's "national re-
doubt," where snow and ice would
slow the cleanup.
In such an event, weeks and
months after proclaimed victory
American divisions might still be
in the line on. European soil.
American boys still might be dy-
ing in a war whose end already had
been celebrated.
There is no reason to suppose that
the link-up with the Russians, split-
ting Germany into two in the middle,
would'be the signal for Gen. Eisen-
hower in conjunction with Premier-
Marshal Stalin to proclaim victory.
Ajthough there still might be nom-
inal' German armies still in the field
in the north or south or both, it is
not supposed here that V-E day will
be proclaimed until the German fight-
ing force is much morel greatly brok-
en down and boxed in.
Already there is no cohesive front
nor coherent German command in
the west. The junction of the Allies
of tde East and West seems near, but
V-E day will come, according to best
opinion here, somewhere between
that junction and the end of the sub-
sequent fighting.
It is hardly likely that Gen. Eis-
enhower would proclaim victory un-
til the eastern front too has col-
lapsed and a proclamation is issued
jointly with Stalin.
A fortnight ago Eisenhower pre-
dicted that the German would fight
on as best they could for the last
inch of Reich soil; that there would
be no formal surrender; that victory
probably would come by proclama-
tion.
Events since have borne out that
prediction.
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WHERE THE 'ALLIES ROLL AHEAD--American drives (arrows)
continued to gain with the Ninth Army across the Elbe River less
than 45 miles of Berlin and the Third Army beyond besieged Leipzig and
within 85 miles of Russian lines.
In Nazi Capital
U. S. Divisions Drive Beyond Leipzig;
Russians Prepare New Offensive
THE ROAD TO BERLIN
By The Associated Press
Eastern Front: 32 miles from Zellin, where the Reds are reported to
have begun their major offensive.
Western Front: 45 miles from Tangermuende, where the Ninth Army is
fighting German artillery resistance.
Italian Front: 530 miles from Menate, where amphibious landings on
the southwest shore of Lake Commanchio were reported yesterday.
Just when the Allied victory proc-
lamation will come after the die-
hards are shoved into their last cor-
ners will depend upon the extent to
which the German fighting force is
broken down in the process.
It will not zome until most of Ger-
many is sei7 d and resistance is whit-
tled down to a mere mop-up.
It presents an almost unprecedent-
ed military situation.
A people is beaten and yet is is
unable to quit.
A nation is defeated and is un-
willing to surrender.
Thus the Allies have no alterna-
tive. They must announce that
they have won a war.
Russian Tanks
Fight Within 30
Break Through Strong
German Fortifications
By The Associated Press
LONDON, April 15, Sunday-Pan-
icky German broadcasts said that a
massive, swaying tank battle was rag-
ing early today within 30 miles of
Berlin after two mighty Soviet Armie
opened "preparatory" offensive oper-
ations yesterday for a linkup witl-
American troops.
The battle raged after massed Rus-
sian forces broke through powerful
Nazi fortifications in preliminary
thrusts which, Berlin said, indicated
that the Red Army had begun the
grand-scale, long-planned offensive tc
engulf Berlin and end the war.
Late German broadcasts indicated
that the major Soviet blow was about
to fall along the Neisse river 85 miles
of Patton's U. S. Third Army. One
Soviet battle group was said to be
attacking after violent artillery fire to
cover up heavier attacks planned to
sweep south of Berlin and link up
in the area of Dresden.
Fighting Spreading
Fighting was reported spreading
like wildfire along a 57-mile front east
and southeast of Berlin in the initial
blows of a great four-army offensive
aimed at engulfing the German cap-
ital, linking with the Americans and
ending the war.
The first blows were launched near
Guben, 50 miles southeast of Berlin
this morning. By afternoon, the Red
Army began attacking from bridge-
heads on the west bank of the Odei
River between Kuestrin and Frank-
furt, due east of the capital.
Diversionary Attacks
The attacks were described as "di-
versionary" and of "regimental
strength," but Berlin admitted a great
tank battle was raging before Berlin
claiming that 47 Russian tanks had
been destroyed "within a few hours.'
Berlin added that the main offen-
sive still had not broken and was
"immediately imminent," but in
fightingawest of Kuestrin the enemy
said Marshal Gregory K. Zhukov's
First White Russian Army had pene-
trated into "foremost German posi-
tions." Last enemy reports put Zhu-
kov s troops 30 miles from Berlin in
this area.
Four powerful Russian armies were
poised along a 170 mile front. Amer-
ican armies were only 88 miles away
The Nazis said gloomily: "We musi
stand and fight-win or die-as the
Russians are getting ready to smother
us like a blizzard across the steppes.'
RAF Bombers.
Assault Berlin
In Air Attack
Yank Forces
Within 85 Miles
Of Red Lines
Ninth Is Less Than
45 Miles from Berlin
Memorial services in honor of
President Roosevelt will be held by
the University at 4 p.m. EWT (3
p.m. CWT) today at Hill Auditor-
ium, Dr. Frank E. Robbins, Assistant
to President Ruthven, announced
yesterday.
At a conference held by President
Ruthven with various deans and
Army and Navy representatives in
Dr. Robbins' office it was decided
that a -simple dignified service rather
than an elaborate program with eu-
logies would be more appropriate,
Dr. Robbins said.
The color guard will carry the
colors down the center aisle of the
CAMPUS EVENTS
Today Special Memorial Services
for President Roosevelt at
4 p. m. EWT (3 p. m.
CWT) Hill Auditorium.
April 16 Meeting of the Work-
shop on Anti-Semitism at
7:30 p. m. EWT (6:30 p.m.
CWT) at the Hillel Foun-
dation. Dr. Franklin H.
Littell will speak on
"Some Religious Aspects
of .Anti-Semitism."~
April 17 Lecture; "Some Consid-
erations of Mexico" by
Prof. del Rio at 4:15 p.m.
EWT (3:15 p. m. CWT)
in Rackham Amnhithea-
Auditorium and stack them along
the sides.
Prof. Palmer Christian, University
organist will open the program with
a rendition of an Organ Prelude,
which will be followed by audience
participation in the singing of the
National Anthem.
The Reverend Henry Lewis of the
Episcopal Church will read passages
from the Scriptures and opening sen-
tences of the burial service. He will
also lead the assemblage in prayer.
Selections from the writings of
President Roosevelt will be delivered
by Prof. John Henry Muyskens of
the speech department.
The two hymns which will be sung
are "Oh God, Our Help in Ages Past"
and "Onward Christian Soldiers".
The ceremony will be concluded
with the offering of benediction and
taps.
There will be no reserved seats
except for the portion of the ground
floor of the Auditorium which will be
occupied by a special delegation of
300 Army and 300 'Navy personnel.
The rest of the Auditorium is open
to other servicemen, students, fac-
ulty members, and the general pub-
lic.
All Army units on campus will pay
their tribute to President Roosevelt
at 3 p.m. EWT (2 p.m. CWT) today
at a ceremony in which the procla-
mation of the death of President
Chamberlin
Will Lecture
Frisco Conference
Is Discussion Topic
William H. Chamberlin, noted for-
eign correspondent, will discuss "The
San Francisco Conference, Its Prob-
lems and Prospects" at 8 p. m. EWT
(7 p. m. CWT) tomorrow in the Slau-
son Junior High School, 1019 W.
Washington.
The first in a series of meetings
scheduled for this week to give spe-
cial attention to the United Nations
Conference on International Organ-
ization, in accordance with the proc-
lamation of Governor Kelly, the dis-
cussion is sponsored by the Adult
Education Council, which is composed
of representatives of 28 local civic
groups.0
Chamberlin, formerly correspond-
ent for the Christian Science Monitor
in Russia, Japan, Germany and
France, has also been a frequent con-
tributor to the Atlantic Monthly.
Prof. Preston Slosson of the history
department will preside at the meet-
ing, conducting the question and an-
swer period which is to follow the
lecture.
Molotov Named
Parley Delegate
WASHINGTON, April 14-W)-
Marshal Stalin today advised Presi-
dent Truman that foreign secretary
Molotov would represent the Soviet
government at the San Francisco
All-Campus
Poll To Choose
Board Member
Anderson, Groefsema,
Hume, Martin Seek
Piblications Position
Allan Anderson, Robert Hume,
Cornelia Groefsema, and James
Martin are the candidates seeking
the student position with the Board
in Control of Student Publications,
it was announced yesterday by the
Men's Judiciary Council.
One of these four will be chosen
for a three-semester term with the
Board in an all-campus election from
8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. EWT (7:30 to
2:30 CWT) Friday. Their qualifica-
tions and campaign statements will
be printed in The Daily before the
election so that all students may be-
come aware of the candidates' pro-
grams.
All Students To Vote
Members of the Union and the
Women's Judiciary Council will sup-
ervise the pollingplaces, ballot boxes
being distributed throughout the
campus. All students are eligible to
vote if they present their identifica-
tion cards at the time of balloting.
Students may vote for only one can-
didate.
The Board in Control directly sup-
ervises the policies of The Daily and
the Michiganensian. It controls the
expenditures of both publications,
and it alone appoints the senior
staffs of the newspaper and the
yearbook. There are six faculty, two
aunit rn and fir -, ..nn e+. .And- n-
Citizen Kane
To Be Shown
Art League Returns
Orson Welles' Movie
The third offering of the Art Cin-
ema League, "Citizen Kane," will be
shown at 8:30 p. m. EWT (7:30 p.m.
EWT) Thursday through Saturday
in the Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre.
Time Magazine's cinema critic
stated: "Citizen Kane" is the most
sensational product of U. S. movie
industry. It has found important
new techniques in picture making
and story telling. It is a work of
art created by grown people for
grown people."
There was a great deal of contro-
versy concerning the release of the
film in 1941 because of its parallel to
the life of William Randolph Hearst.
Although finally released, the movie
was banned in several cities.
The camera, including technical
novelties and documentary shorts,
tells the story. The question of what
kind of a man was the real Citizen
Kane is revealed to the audience, but
not to the characters in the movie.
The Art Cinema League is bring-
ing "Citizen Kane' 'to the campus to
give those who have not seen the film
and those who wish to see it again, an
opportunity of enjoying one of Orson
Welles' finest creations.
Tickets for the film may be pur-
chased Wednesday at the Lydia Men-
delssohn box office.
t4 .L A 1_T
By The Associated Press
PARIS, April 15, Sunday- U.S.
First and Third Army tanks drove
deep beyond besieged Leipzig and
within 85 miles of the Russian lines
yesterday while the Germans opened
up with artillery against the'Ninth
Army front less than 45 miles west
of Berlin.
A German radio commentator to-
day described the Third Army drive,
which had reached within seven
miles of Chemnitz, as "significant",
3nd predicted its speedy exploitation
for a link-up with Marshal Ivan S.
Konev's First Ukrainian Army in
Silesia.
Berlin, Potsdam Bombed
The Americans west of Berlin
moved up to the twice-breached Elbe
-River on a 90-mile-wide front while
some 750 RAF heavy bombers sub-
jected Berlin and the suburban gar-
rison town of Potsdam to a heavy
night bombing.
(The American broadcasting sta-
tion in Europe told the German peo-
ple that the entry into Berlin was
"imminent" and asserted a "state of
tension"~ existed in the capital, now
menaced by American forces 45 miles
away and Russian troops 30 miles
away.)
Partial News Blackout
As American armored columns
roared ten miles or more eastward
under a partial news blackout in the
center of Germany, one infantry unit
was only 18 miles from the Czech
frontier.:
TheFirst's Ninth Armored Divi-
sion and the Third's Fourth and
Sixth Armored Divisions had struck
so deep into the enemy's rear that
the Germans now must turn for a
back-to-back death stand or be cut
off from retreat into the southern
mountains.
Already this mountain fortress of
Bavaria and Austria had been pene-
trated on the north by yet another
Third Army column-the Eleventh
Armored Division--whichroared in-
to the Wagnerian city of Bayreuth,
124 miles north of Munich and 173
miles from Hitler's retreat at Berch-
tesgaden.
Yanks in Ruhr
Pocket Take
Nazi von Pa pen
PARIS, April 14-VP)-Franz von
Papen, former German premier and
ambassador to Turkey, was captured
by American troops in the Ruhr
pocket, supreme headquarters dis-
closed tonight.
Von Papen was captured April 11,
it was disclosed.
The German diplomat, long re-
garded as a specialist in Nazi poli-
tical "dirty work," was taken at his
son-in-law's home in Stockhausen,
LONDON, April 15, Sunday--(P)-
RAF heavy bombers last night as-
saultedBerlin and its western sub-
urban garrison town of Pottsdam,
toward which Allied armies were
surging in strength.
The heavy bombings, first since the