. R
r
i
L
46F
:IatH
WEATHER
Clearing, Freezing
Temperatures
VOL. LV, No. 114 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN FRIDAY, APRIL 6, 1945
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Russia Denounces
Tokyo Neutrality Pact
* * * *
Ruthven
* * *
* * *:
Plans
Post
War ampus
lc
'U'Must Now Strike Out
From
Veterans
'Vale of Decision
'
<f
Needs
To Shape Program
The University is in the "Valley of
Decision", and must now decide
either to retire from the world into
an ivory tower or strike out as a
"real university devoted to the in-
crease and spread of knowledge,"
President Alexander G. Ruthven said
yesterday.
Discussing the University during
the post-war before the Lansing
Date Set for
Convocati on
540 Students To Be
Honored at Event
More than 540 students represent-
ing every college and school in the
University will be recognized for out-
standing scholastic achievement at
the twenty-second annual honors
convocation to be held at 11 a.m.
E.W.T. (10 a.m. C.W.T.) Friday,
April 20 in the Rackham Lecture
Hall. -
Principal speaker for the Convoca-
tion will be University Provost James
P. Adams who will discuss "Stan-
dards of Thinking". President Alex-
ander G. Ruthven will preside.
Recognizing all senior students
who attained at least a 'B' average
and have been in the upper t'en per
cent of their class throghout four
years of academic work, the Honors
Convocation also will present special
awards for outstanding achievement
in particular fields of study.
Eighteen- Year
Vote Favored
B yTownHall
Informal discussion of the eight-
een-year-old vote question at last
night's Town Hall meeting was con-
cluded with a poll of opinions held
by the participants, showing approx-
imately 65 per cent in favor of the
proposal that the legal voting age be
lowered to eighteen years:
Of this majority, 80 per cent were
students under 21 years of age, while
of the 35 per cent who opposed the
proposal 88 per cent were under the
present voting age limit.
The students conducted the poll
following a discussion of the signifi-
cance of the proposal. The question
of whether the controversy hinges on
qualifications or inherent rights was
brought up in the discussion.
The meeting opened with a debate
moderated by Martin Shapero. Affir-
mative arguments, presented by Joyce
Siegen and Sheldon Selesnick, stated
that th eighteen to twenty age group
is "qualified" to vote because of its
relatively high financialand social
contributions. They added that this
group's supply of information, men-
tal maturity, and sense of responsi-
bility are comparable to that of high-
er age groups.
Betty Lou Bidwell and Howard
Cole, negative speakers, said that the
age 'group is "not qualified" because
of its comparative lack of enonomic
responsibility, calling the present agi-
tation the result of the draft age
being eighteen years. A
CAMPUS EVENTS
Today Registration in Rm. 2
University Hall for AST-
RP qualifying exam
Thursday.
Today Lane Hall Coffee Hour
from 4 to 6 p. m.
Today Prof. Wesley Maurer will
speak on "Dare We Edu-
cate for Democracy" at
8:30 p. m. at Hillel Foun-
dation.
April 7 "Target for Today" illu-
strates work of Eighth
Alumni Club, he pointed out that the
task of adjustment will be more
difficult than that of conversion to
war. It will not mean reconversion
to the old, but adjustment to the
new.
"The University we have known,"
he explained, "belongs or should
belong to history. It must now in
a sense be re-born and re-dedicat-
ed to service."
"Of this we may be sure, the clock
will not be turned back; the old days
are gone forever for all of us," Dr.
Ruthven said.
Turning to the future, he asserted,
"We and the returning servicemen
know only in a general way the kind
of world they want, but these things
are certain: for better or worse it
will be their world; in shaping it
they will encounter new conditions
which, while less of a shock to them
than to us, will nevertheless require
study."
"Ex-servicemen will understand
that national isolationism is gone
forever," the president stated, and
they will sense, at least vaguely,
that international accord must
now be dependent upon knowledge,
tolerance, and mutual sympathy
and understanding."
Listing a four-point program for
the achievement of this goal, Dr.
Ruthven said:
1. We must strive for a community
of ideas-a general appreciation of
values.
2. We must get at this business at
once in the only' way possible-
through education; and by educa-
tion, he said, I do not mean merely
vocational training, the acquiring of
job knowledge, but a liberal educa-
tion, training in the ability to think.
3. We cannot be satisfied merely
with preparing youngsters for citi-
zenship, but must try to educate
adults, including veterans.
4. We should not confine education
work to the schoolroom.
Dr. Ruthven emphasized the need
for keeping clear the distinction be-
tween vocational training and broad
training for citizenship.
He said he was "fed up" with the
belief that no one should have an
education beyond his ability to pay
for it and if compelled to leave school
at an eafly age, should be satisfied
to be the slave of a machine.
"The days of rugged individual-
ism in the worse sense of the term
are past. The principle of every
man for himself will not work from
now on," he said.
See RUTHVEN, Page 2
ASTIRP Exam
To Be Given
Will Not Be Repeated
For Year Says Dean Rea
Men who wish to take the ASTRP
qualifying test Thursday should reg-
ister immediately with Dean Walter
B. Rea at the Dean of Students of-
fice, Rm. 2, University Hall, it was
announced yesterday. The test, Dean
Rea said, will probably not be re-
peated until next year.
Students qualifying for the ASTRP
are by no means bound to military
service, Dean Rea said, entrance to
the program requiring enlistment in
the Enlisted Reserve Corps of the
Army. The test, he said, determines
only the student's qualifications for
work in the Army Specialized Train-
ing Reserve Program. Students wish-
ing information on the program,
Dean Rea advised, should consult
him or Capt. Erik L. L. Swyler, Army
Headquarters, 512 S. State St.
Only men whose seventeenth birth-
day falls between Oct. 1, 1944 and
Aug. 1 1945 may take the test. Other
eligibility requirements are that the
applicant will have graduated from
high school by July 1, 1945 or will
have completed one term of college
by that date, and that he is a United
States citizen.
The test, which begins at 9 a.m.,
Thursday, at the Rackham Lecture
Hall, is divided into three sections.
The first tests knowledge of arith-
A YANK DIES ON A RHINE RIVER BRIDGE-Killed by a German sniper hidden on the east bank of the
river, an American soldier lies on the walk of the wr ecked Ernest Ludwig Bridge at Worms, Germany.
In background are Pvt. Bill Zimmerman of Hagers town,, Mo., and Pfc. Norman Booher of Trinidad,
Coo. This photo was taken by James Pringle, Associated Press photographer with the wartime still
picture pool.
Army-Navy To
.present Revue
On Wednesday
Servicemen To Star;
Proceeds Go to Relief
An holiday atmosphere will pre-
vail Wednesday night as servicemen
and campus coeds have been granted
late permission to attend the Army-
Navy Revue at 8 p. m. EWT (7 p. m.
CWT) in Hill Auditorium.
Featuring approximately 140 men
in uniform stationed on cam'pus, the
huge stage show is being sanctioned
by Army and Navy units here and
sponsored by the League, Union and
Daily. Proceeds will be offered to
Army and Navy Relief Societies.
Three Orchestras Featured
Three orchestras, the Navy glee
club, an imitator and magician who
used to work professionally before
joining the service and Doc Fielding
as master of ceremonies will be spot-
lighted in the show.
Five different acts will be staged by
representatives from campus Army
units. A quartet from Co. A, .a spe-
cialty number by Sgt. Vernon Ander-
son of Army headquarters, a solo by
Pfc. Bill Corkery, Pfc. Dick Thomas
on the piano and feats of magic by
Cpl. Bill Borges will all be highlight-
ed in the show.
Doc Fielding To MC
Doc Fielding, a Navy medical stu-
dent, is producing the Revue and will
be master of ceremonies. Popular
on campus for more than a year,
Fielding has prepared an entirely
new routine for this show and also
promises to redo some old favorites.
Fielding has been master of cere-
monies at several pep rallies, Kam-
pus Kapers, Victory Vanities, and a
number of other shows.
The Navy will also be represented
by the 80-piece Navy band, Pete
Farago on the accordian, the 15-
piece Navy orchestra under the di-
rection of Frank Worden, the Navy
Glee Club, and Foo-Foo Fenner's
Fascinating Five.
Tickets may be obtained at the
Union, League, USO, local bookstores,
restaurants, the American Legion
post and the VFW.
Russian Tank Troops Smash
Into South Limits of Vienna
Other Reds Encircle Capital, Slashing
TWO Austrian Supply Lines to Germany
By The Associated Press
LONDON, April 5-Tank-led Russian shock troops battled to the
southern city limits of Vienna tonight after cracking a major defense
belt as other Red Army veterans launched a drive to encircle the Austrian
capital, slashing across two of its supply lines with Germany.
The Russians broke across three highly-fortified river line, criss-
crossed with concrete pillboxes, that protected Vienna on the south, and
captured the suburban towns of Ober-Laa and Unter-Laa.
Adjacent to the metropolitan boundary of Vienna, the two suburbs are
four miles southeast of the heart of the Danube city.
Withdrawal
Of Enemy
Is Reported
U. S. Ninth Breaks
Across Weser River
By The Aezelated Press
PARIS, April 6, Friday-The U.S.
Ninth Army broke across the Weser
River 157 miles west of Berlin yester-
day and the British Second Army in
a 30-mile lunge swept up 39 miles
south of the great shipbuilding city
of Bremen as the enemy fled east
along the north German plain.
Without losing a man, the Ninth
Army crossed the Weser with troops
and tanks south of Hamelin, 23 miles
southwest of Hannover.
U.S. Third 130 Miles from Berlin
Simultaneously, the U.S. Third Ar-
my struck across Thuringia's hills
130 miles southwest of Berlin in a
fanning push that lacked 63 miles of
cutting the Reich in half, and the
enemy was reported falling back
south for the expected last stand in
Bavaria's mountain fastnesses.
The Canadian First Army shook
loose an armored column on a 12-
mile tear that ripped back into the
German peninsula and into Uelsen,
on the highway to Bremen and with-
in 53 miles of an arm of the North
Sea.
Enemy Armies Threatened
This drive, sweeping northward
parallel to the British armored push,
increased the threat to two German
armies, now in retreat toward the
Elbe River.
Field Marshal Sir Bernard L. Mont-
gomery's Canadian and British for-
ces were battling north on a 100-mile
front, and by capturing Stolzenau on
the Weser River 39 miles from Bre-
men the British vanguards had trav-
eled 120 miles from the Rhine. Min-
den also was seized.
One column on the west was also
40 miles from Bremen after fighting
up within less than three miles of
Diepholtz.
Battle Rises in Fury
The battle of annihilation in the
Ruhr basin rose in fury as both the
U.S. First and Ninth Armies pressed
the assault on possibly 150,000 Ger-
man troops, reported trapped there
with Field Marshal Albert Kesselring,
commander of all enemy armies on
the western front.
The Ninth Army was knocking in
the roof of the trap, advancing'up to
nine miles both east and west of piv-
otal Hamm, and was five miles from
the Ruhr city of Dortmund. One
robot bomb factory had been over-
run.
Pilots said the enemy was massing
tanks and self-propelled guns on the
east side of the pocket, apparently to
attempt a break-out.
Board Petitions
Due Tomorrow
Judiciary To Interview
Qualified Candidates
All students seeking a position
with the Board in Control of Student
Publications must turn in their peti-
tions before noon tomorrow to the
Student Offices of the Union.
Those who petition will be inter-
viewed by the Men's Judiciary Coun-
cil next week in regard to their qual-
ifications, their experience in extra-
curricular activities and their policy
concerning campus publications
Candidates who qualify will be an-
nounced by the Council later in the
week. The student representative to
the Board will be chosen in an all-
campus election April 20.
Any student who satisfies Univer-
sity eligibility rules may petition.
Formal petitions may be picked up
in the Student Offices. To be con-
sidered they must contain 25 student
signatures.
Break Caused
By Jap Aid
To Germany
Accusations Note
War Against Allies
By The Associated Press
LONDON, April 5--Russia de-.
nounced her neutrality pact with
Tokyo today, bluntly accusing Ja-
pan of helping Germany and pos-
sibly clearing the way for eventual
Soviet entry into the Pacific war.
In a strongly-worded note Mos-
cow linked the European and Paci-
fic wars for the first time by declar-
ing Japan had aided Germany and,
"in addition, Japan is fighting
against the U. S. A. and Great Brit-
ain, which are allies of the Soviet
Union." Moscow broadcast the an-
nouncement of its action to the
world.
Pact Has Not Expired
The question whether Russia will
go to war against Japan was left
unanswered. The denounced five year
neutrality pact does not expire until
April 25, 1945-more than a year
from now. But the note which for-
eign minister Vyascheslav Molotov
handed Japanese ambassador Nao-
take Sato this afternoon in Moscow
placed Japan squarely in the enemy's
camp and stated Soviet Russia's opin-
ion that Japan had violated the pact.
Shortly before Moscow acted, the
government of Premier Gen. Kuniaki
Koiso in Tokyo fell in the midst of a
political and military crisis, and Em-
peror Hirohito summoned Adm. Ba-
on Kantaro Suzuki, 77-year-old presi-
dent of the privy council, to form a
new government. Suzuki has been
regarded as a moderate-aloof from
previous military cliques ruling Ja-
pan-and his selection raised the pos-
sibility a Japanese "peace cabinet"'
might be installed.
Invasion Causes Crisis
The Japanese crisis was precipitat-
ed by the American invasion of Okin-
awa and perhaps also by strong prior
indications of the ominous Soviet
diplomatic blow.
Moscow's announcement said that
Molotov told the Japanese ambas-
sador that the neutrality agreement
had "lost its meaning and continu-
ance of this pact has become impos-
sible."
Russia ratified the pact April 25,
1941, and it was to have been contin-
ued for another 1five years unless
denounced a year before its expira-
tion.
Animosity has marked Soviet-
Japanese relations for 50 years, and
both countries have strong armies
massed on the Soviet-Manchurian
frontier, where border "skirmishes"
amounting to large-scale battles were
fought and largely overlooked by the
rest of the world during the opening
days of World War Two in Europe.
The repudiation of the pact gave
Russia a free hand for joining in any
joint action the United Nations might
decide to take against Japan at the
San Francisco Conference opening
April 25,
I *
Quicker Victory
Believed Near
WASHINGTON, April 5.- (P)-
Russia's denunciation of her neu-
trality pact with Japan sent a wave
of jubilation through this capital to-
day in the belief that it probably
spells much swifter victory in the
Pacific.
On all sides, the action was inter-
preted as a long step toward Rus-
sian participation in the war against
the Japanese, who would thus be
caught in a gigantic squeeze and go
down to their doom at a greatly re-
duced cost in Allied lives.
Some were inclined to restrain
their elation, on the ground that
only time will tell whether Russia
actually intends to strike in the near
future. But the general opinion was
that the diplomatic move Was a fore-
runner to eventual hostilities.
Marines Gain
On Okinawa
Pacific, Friday, April 6-(YP)-Ma-
rines on the North end of the 0kin-
awa line scored advances of 8,000 to
9,000 yards against still negligible
Simultaneously, other Soviet troops
slovakia and plunged deeper into
gary, capturing more than 40 towns
Croat capital of Zagreb. More than-
6,500 prisoners were taken in the
Yugoslav sector, Moscow announced.
As the Russians advanced on a
350-mile front across Yugoslavia,
Austria and Slovakia, Berlin said
that a giant Red army offensive on
the Oder river front before the Reich
capital was anticipated "in the next
few days.
Two mighty Soviet armies were in-
volived in the blazing battle for
Vienna. As they converged on the
city, the Free Austria radio sum-
moned patriots to rise and cut down
the Nazis in "his decisive hour." "In
this way," the Soviet-sponsored
broadcasttsaid, "Vienna can be freed
in a matter of hours."
Sale of Senior
Announcements
Bfegins Today
Graduation announcements for all
graduating seniors will go on sale
at 2 p.m. today in the main corridor
of University Hall. Pat Coulter, pres-
ident of the senior class, said the sale
would continue until next Thursday.
This will be the only opportunity
for seniors in all schools to purchase
their announcements as they will not
be sold in local bookstores. The "U"
Hall booth will remain open from 2
to 5 p.m. (E.W.T.) every day.
rolled up a German bulge in Czecho- t
Yugoslavia from southwestern Hun-
and villages in a drive toward thei
'c cup ation
Is lOnly Wy,
Captive Says
By The Associated Press
WITH THE U. S. FIRST ARMY
deep in Germany, April 5-A cap-
tured member of the German for-
eign office said flatly today that (
"there will .be no capitulation-you
will have to occupy every town in
Germany."
The German official, whose name
was withheld, declared "You can't
imagine or understand the German
people. They are living in a com-
pletely different world, one of hero-
ism and romanticism. The fact they
have no manufacturing centers re-
maining doesn't make any difference
to them."
The German, a handsome, dark-
haired young man who left Berlin
when Russian troops appeared likely
to take it quickly, was taken into
protective custody by Lts. Herbert C.
Marcum of Mayfield, Ky., and Eric
L. Weil, Westwood, N. J., when Am-
erican troops entered the town in
which the official was staying.
"The threat from the east 'has
been considered much worse than
the threat from the west and as many
troops as possible have been com-
mitted against it,' 'the German said.
PREDICT JOB DEFICIT IN CITY:
Sociology Class Makes Employment Survey
By SHIRLEY FRANK
A deficit of nearly 2,000 jobs in
Ann Arbor after the war, was pre-
dicted in the "Survey of Post-War
T-" "3n nrfy~nfia in Ann Arh ,,
sample of the five representative
types of industry located in this
area, the survey shows that employ-
ers in service industries plan to em-
manpower reserve, which will have
to be relocated, either in other areas
or, in more new places of employ-
ment, the survey shows.
Jobs for Wmnm n creased
vice, and retail and wholesale trade.
Post-war opportunities for non-white
workers will be approximately dou-
bled, the survey indicated.
Renort Can Serve as Model