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VOL. LIV No. 145 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, MAY 26, 1944
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Anzio, Fifth Armies
Joined Below
Rome
__ ..
Allies Drop 8,000 Tons on Europej
Over 6,000
Planes Strike
Nazi est Wall
Exploding Rockets
Meet U.S. Bombers
By The Associated Press
LONDON, May 25.- More than
6,000 Allied planes attacked German
airdromes and transportation centers
on the continent with over 8,000 tons
of bombs today in a crushing two-
way assault during which American
Fortresses and Liberators, storming
the west wall, ran into an unprece-
dented concentration of exploding
rockets thrown up by suddenly-in-
creased ground defenses.
At least 21 rail centers and 15 air
fields upon which Germany has
been leaning heavily for defense
of fortress Europe were pounded in
this seventh day of furious pre-
invasion air onslaught, a day in
which the attacks ranged from
Toulon in southern France to the
German capital itself.
From 750 to 1,000 American heav-
ies based in Britain slammed explos-
ives on four air fields, nine freight
yards and other military targets in
northeastern France and Belgium,
another American daylight fleet from
Italy attacked the Mediterranean
port of Toulon and the rail center of
Lyons, 200 miles farther north, the
funnel to the southeastern French
defense, zone
A U.S. Strategic Air Forces com-
munique reported that nine enemy
aircraft were destroyed in the sweep
against the west wall, against a loss
of four Americai bombers and 12
fighters.
There was no fighter opposition
to this assault, the American
planes going down before the
strong anti-aircraft fire and a
spectacular rocket defense.
The Luftwaffe, frayed from coping
with yesterday's simultaneous as-
saults on Berlin and Vienna and last
night's RAF armada of 500 heavy
bombers, did not risk their air force
to defend today's targets, but aug-
mented anti - aircraft .batteries
throughout the occupied lands threw
up a terrific barrage of flak, includ-
ing green and black fields of explod-
ing rockets.
Today's attacks matched the day's
assaults for May 20, when 6,000
planes dropped an estimated 8,000
tons of bombs on European targets,
but on that day all the attacks were
made by _bombers based in Britain.
One of the most significant fea-
tures of the tactical operations now
in progress from British bases is that,
out of approximately every 400 planes
sent out by the Allied expeditionary
air force (medium, light and fighter-
bombers), 399 have come back.
DLtter Drive
To Start Here
A drive to get everyone to write
letters to men and women in the
service on Memorial Day was an-
nounced yesterday by Patriotic In-
structor Adolph Schneberger of local
post Graf O'Hara, 423, of the Veter-
ans of Foreign Wars.
In urging students and members
of the faculty to back the project he
said it will be a day on which we
"take increased devotion" to those
who have died and to those who still
carry the brunt of battle. "We there-
fore suggest that on Memorial Day
alW citizens join with veterans and
honor those who have given their
last full measure of devotion."
Schneberger said the object of the
drive is for everyone to write two
letters dated Memorial Day, one to
someone in the armed services on ac-
tive duty and the other to some
wounded or hospitalized serviceman
or woman.
Morrison Says Yank
Conduct is 'Good'
LONDON, May 25.-()-Questions
in the House of Commons reflecting
upon the moral conduct of American
SUPE RSONIC RE LECTOSCOPE :
Dr. Firestone Invents Device
For Exposing Flaws in Metal
An ingenious device that uses sound waves to measure the thickness of
metal when one side is inaccessible or to expose tiny flaws hidden deeply be-
neath the surface of metal castings has been perfected by Dr. Floyd A.
Firestone of the physics department, it was announced yesterday.
Called a supersonic reflectoscope, the invention was developed in a
campus laboratory over a period of four years by Dr. Firestone with the
assistance of Julian R, Frederick of ;-
the engineering research department,
Until the release of the new ; de-
vice, metals were usually tested by an
x-ray that took an hour to examine
a five-inch piece of metal, The super-
DR. FLOYD A. FIRESTONE
sonic reflectoscope will penetrate and'
thoroughly examine a piece of steel
five or ten feet long in one second.
Basis of Idea .
The idea for the invention is based
on the method sea captains used to
chart their course along a rocky coast,
according to Dr. Firestone. He ex-
plained that, "Ilt is well known to
Roberts, Oldst
1.
AtAe of
At the age of 102 years, six months
and ten days, Artemas Roberts, old-
est surviving alumnus of the Univer-
sity, died recently, according to Alum-
ni Association records. '
Roberts, who was born Oct. 28,
1841, on a farm near Richmond, ind.,
entered the University in 1864, tak-
ing a course in civil engineering and
specializing in architecture. He re-
ceived his Bachelor of Science degree
in 1867. He died May 7.
Served as Architect
When he reached the age of 70, he
left Lincoln, Neb., where he had
planned the state asylum and build-
ings of the University. of Nebraska,,
for Lake Pasadena, Fla. There he
served as an architect for the Pasco
county courthouse, the Woman's Club
and several other community groups.
Roberts learned to drive at the age
of 73 and continued to do so until
he was 100. Up to the last few years
of his life he took part in his favorite
pastime of shuffleboard.
He' is survived by four sons, 16
grandchildren and 18 great grand-
children.
Dill Oldest Alumni Now .
The oldest alumnus now living is
John Wesley Dill who graduated in
1879 with a Doctor of Medicine De-
gree. He was born Jan. 25, 1843, in
Auburn, Ill., and now lives in Los
Angeles.'
At the age of 76 Dr. Dill was grant-
ed a license to continue his practice}
in California.
physicists that sound waves, upon
striking a solid wall. will bounce back
toward the point of their inception,
At night, when ship captains suspect-
ed they were approaching a rocky
coastline, they sounded the ship's
whistle at regular intervals, and
judged the time required for the echo
to come back to their ears. The pro-
ficient mariner could estimate the
time accurately and thus measure
the approximate distance to the ob-
struction which turned back the
sound."
Principle Used in Radar
The supersonic reflectoscope oper-
ates on the same principle. For ex-
ample, when the sound wave bumps
against a flaw in a piece of metal, it
bounces back to the machine. After
the time is recorded, the exact loca-
tion of the flaw can be determined.
A variation of this same principle was
used in the development of radar.
Dr. Firestone is also president of
the Acoustical Society of America
and editor of the society's "Journal."
His invention has been registered at
the United States Patent Office and
is now being manufacfured for
marketing.
O_ vercharged
Buyers Here °
Get Refunds
Refunds of over $300 have been
returned during the past month to
the pockets of purchasers in Wash-
tenaw County who were charged sums
above the ceiling prices set by OPA,
James C. Hendley announced yes-
terday.
Hendley, who is chairman of the
consumer durable and services div-
ision of the County price panel, said
that these refunds went to buyers of
second-hand refrigerators, washing
machines and vacuum cleaners.
Highest Refunds
The biggest sums to change hands
were in cases where over-charged
consumers decided to return the ar-
ticles and receive the full purchase
price back. In this group was one
refrigerator sold at an auction for
$195 when the ceiling price was $34.50,
and another refrigerator sold for $80,
while its ceiling was $10.50.
Panel decisions have also been
made-on a number of other violations
of ceiling price regulations on used
articles.
The buyers of these articles have
been informed that if settlement isn't
made, they can sue for triple the
amount of the overcharges, Hendley
explained.
R.eceipt Roguired
"The price panel does not collect
the actual money, he said, "but re-
quires the seller to present a receipt
signed by the buyer as proof that
complete settlement has been made"
Of special interest to students is
the fact that used typewriters are
under a ceiling price when sold un-
der any conditions. Other articles in
the same category are used refrigera-
tors, washing machines, vacuum
cleaners, gas cooking stoves, phtog-
raphy equipment and flat and coil
bedsprings.
Hendley suggested that purchasers
wishing to check on ceiling prices
call the panel office, phone 3545.
Sub marines
Sink One Jap
Ship Every Day
Navy Uses Rockets
As U-Boat Protection
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, May 25,-Cutting
down the Japanese merchant fleet at
the rate of better than a ship a day,
American submarines have sunk 15
more enemy vessels. And to protect
Allied ships from U--boats the Navy
has a new weapon-rockets,
Used on Nazi Raider
This was disclosed today in a com
munique listing the latest bag by
American submersibles operating in
the Pacific, and is the first announce-
ment that xockets, fired from torpedo
bombers have been used to destroy a
German undersea raider.
"Attacking with rocket projectiles
developed by the -.S. Navy, and
backing up this new-style 'onslaught
with older weapons, the American
aircraft apparently destroyed the en-
emy without damage to themselves,"
the Navy reported in telling of the
probable sinking of "a big German
U-boat in a matter of minutes"
This Month's Total-41
The communique telling of Ameri-
can submarine successes added an-
other Japanese destroyer to the 46
Nipponese warships they already had
been credited with sinking. It, with
the 14 other vessels sunlc, brought to
41 the number of Japanese ships re-
ported sent to the bottom by sub-
marines this month.
Inclusion of the destroyer-fifth
waiship announced sunk this month
-indicated strongly that the Japan-
ese are trying desperately, but unsuc-
cessfully, to convoy merchant craft
in movement of supplies and men to
their garrisons in the central and
southwest Pacific areas.
The number of Japanese ships
sunk, probably sunk or damaged by
U.S. submarines since the war started
is 724.
P ost-ar Plan
To Keep Peace
LONDON, May 25 -(')-A five-
point blueprint for a post-war world
organization, built around the big-
four-the Urfited States, Russia. the
British Commonwealth and China-
and pooling military power in a po-
lice force to keep the peace, was pre-
sented to Commons today by For-
eign Secretary Anthony Eden.
First-The world organization must
be designed to prevent a recurrence
of aggression by Germany and Japan
and must be fully equipped with force
to meet this purpose
Second-To insure this, there must
be close political and military col-
laboration between the United States,
the Soviet Union, the British Com-
monwealth and China.
Third-Responsibility in any fu-
ture world organization must be re-
lated to power. Consequently, the
world organization should be con-
structed on and around the four
great powers mentioned, but all other
peace-loving states should come and
play their part in the struggle,
Fourth- The world organization
should be flexible and not rigid, that
is, it should grow by practice and nat
try straight-away to work by a fixed
code.
Fifth-All powers, great and small,
included in the world organization
should strive for economic as well as
political collaboration,
In the attack on Wake which has
been raided 17 times since the first
of the year by land-based heavy
bombers of the Seventh Army Air
Force and Fleet Air Wing Two, 20
buildings were destroyed.
A small cargo ship was set afire
north of Marcus. With no enemy
air opposition the carrier fliers work-
ed over the airdrome installations at
will. They made 373 separate sorties
in an assault intended to neutralize
one more of the Japanese central
Pacific staging bases and reconnais-
sance posts.
Ammunition and supply dumps
Students Alert To
Current Events
The old "ivory tower" picture of
University students was shattered
yesterday when results were compiled
on this week's Daily poll which show-
ed that the campus keeps an inter-
ested eye on current happenings Stu-
dents fell down, though, in the field
of extra reading outside of regular
class assignments.
In answer to the question, "Do you
follow current news?", 390 students
answered in the affirmative, while
only 142 said "no." On the other
hand, there were just 222 yes's
against 305 no's in response to the
query, "Can you honestly say that
you read beyond the scope of your
assigned class readings?".
Most egmmonly heard comment
by those who do no outside reading
was "regular assignments are so
heavy that they take up all my
time." Many of those who do the
extra reading said they do out-
The results of this week's Daily
poll on student intellectual curi-
osity are:
1. Can you honestly say that you
read beyond the scope of your
assigned class readings?
Yes: 222.
No: 305
Do you follow current news?
Yes: 390.
No: 142
side reading, but not necess'arily in
connection with their classes,
Ranked high in popularity were
Time, Newsweek, Life and the New
Republic among the magazines, and
~PM, The Daily and The Detroit News
in the newspaper field. Favorites
among the books were war stories and
Book-of-the-Month Club selections.
"Never let studying interfere with
your education," advised one sailor.
But a number of others asked, "Are
you kidding""
Some of those auestioned posed
the problem, "What if you don't
read what you're assigned?" And the
answer to that seemed to be that
many intellectually curious souls neg
lect their assignments in order to
spend time on more interesting ma-
terial.
were destroyed and buildings and in-
stallations damaged,
American losses in the Marcus at-
tacks were four planes and three
men. No U.S. plane was shot down
in the Wake assault Tuesday.
* * *
Army Rea ches
Mar ffin Bay
ADVANCED ALLIED HEADQUAR-
TERS, New Guinea, May 26, Friday-
(/P)-U.S. Sixth Army units have bat-
tled their way through stiff Japanese
resistance to reach the Maffin Bay
airfield on Dutch New Guinea, 120
miles northwest of Hollandia, it was
announced today by headquarters.
Today's report covered an advance
scored Wednesday west of the Tor
River with the support of Kittyhawk
planes, tanks and artillery.
The destruction of 11 parked en-
emy planes at Noemfoor Island north
of Geevink Bay also was announced.
Latest available figures compiled
on Japanese casualties at Hollandia
and Aitape, two points invaded April
22 prior to the May 17 landing near
Maffin Bay, totalled 3,222.
at a lance
By The Associated Press
Thomas States tand.. ..
DETROIT, May 25.-R. J. Thomas,
president of the United Automobile
Workers (CIO), said today he would
not be a candidate for re-election
unless the union renews its no-strike
pledge in its September convention.
* * *
Terms With Italy .. .
WASHINGTON, May 25.-Prime
Minister Churchill's statement that
he found it "difficult to nourish an-
imosity against the Italian people"
suggested today that a revision of
armistice terms with Italy is under
consideration.
Prpg a da for Pecd ee...
WASHINGTON; May 25.-The Un-
ited States should continue propa-
ganda and information work in Eur-
ope even after the fighting there
stops, says Elmer Davis, in order to
promote a stable and lasting peace.
Detroit WLB 4cts. .,.
DETROIT, May 25.-The Regional
War Labor Board acted today in
hopes of ending two Michigan strikes
while participants in a third walkout
challenged authority of the national
WLB to forbid negotiations between
company and union while a strike was
in progress.
Calling on officials of the AFL
Teamsters Union to order back to
work 1,000 drivers for 46 Detroit bak-
eries, whose walkout this morning
halted delivery of bread and other
baked goods to restaurants, hotels
and retail stores, the Regional Board
warned them it would not act on a
pending wage adjustment until the
strike was ended.
U.S. Carrier Forces
Pacific Task Force Drops 300 Tons;
Only Three Fliers Lost in Operation
By Thae Associat;ed P'ress
U.S. PACIFIC FLEET HEADUARTERS, PEARL HARBOR, May 25.-
A Pacific fleet carrier task force pounded Marcus Island with 148 tons of
bombs Friday and Satuiday and then hammered Wake Island Tuesday,
blasting that already battered and isolated Japanese central Pacific outpost
with 150 explosive tons, Adm. C. W. Nimitz announced today,
A surprising weakness in the defending planes over Marcus was reported.
1VIarcus, an enemy airbase, is 1,137 miles southeast of Tokyo.
Marcus was last attacked Aug. 31, 1943, also by an American task force.
"Only two ehemy aircraft were seen in the area" during the two-day
assault by the task force commanded by Rear Adm. Alfred E. Montgomery,
Admiral Nimitz said._
Capitol City
Infantry lears
Cisterna Fortress
By The Associated Press
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS, NA-
PLES, May 25. -Americans of the
Anzio beachhead forces joined with
Americans of the main Fifth Army
front in a dramatic, long awaited
meeting in the Pontine marshes be-
low Rome today after 14 days of a
whirlwind offensive that had cracked
the back of the German defenses in
Italy.
Tank - supported United States
infantrymen crumpled German po-
sitions at the heart of Cisterna, en-
emy stronghold on the Appian Way,
and were battling to wipe out the
last sniper nests there athwart the
road to Rome. Lt. Eugene Bacon
of Danville, Il., forecast that all
the Germans left in the city would
be dead or captured within a few
hours.
Tonight the united Fifth Army
forces closed in along a 60-mile flank
of the hard-pressed German armies,
which had relinquished the entire
west coastal area of Italy southwa'rd
from the Molletta River, only a score
of miles below Rome.
Allied warplarnes were pounding the
retreating Germans ceaselessly, tak-
ing a terrific toll of men and mater-
al.
The battle of the beachhead,
which had raged intermittently for
four months, and the battle of the
Hitler Line, which required only a
few days, were finished, and the
final, decisive battle for Rome and
the extermination of the Germans
in Italy appeared to be already be-
ginning.
Official reports indicated that the
enemy was massing in several places
for new counterattacks to break the
force of Lt. Gen. Mark W. Clark's
thrust toward the Italian'capital.
From north of Rome long columns
of enemy reinforcements were seen
rushing toward the unequal battle,
a last-minute expedient of Field
Marshal Albert Kesselring as he
sought to avert a rout. Allied fighter
planes and bombers were sweeping
low and taking a terrible toll of these
reserves. In two days more than
1,000 German vehicles had been des-
troyed or damaged from the air.
"This is an eventful day for the
Fifth Army," declared the tall Am-
erican commander.
Poppy Day °Will
Drive Tomorrow To
Aid Disabled Veterans
The annual Poppy Day will be held
tomorrow in Ann Arbor under the
sponsorship of the Graf O'Hara Local
post No+T. 423 of the Veterans f For-
eign Wars with the ladies auxiliary
in charge of sales.
Proceeds from the poppy selling
will go to the disabled veterans who
nade the flowers, the cost of the
materials and to the Eaton Rapids
home for needy children of deceased
veterans, C.P.O. Frank Joly said yes-
terday. Local welfare will also receive
part of the funds.
"Each poppy costs between four
and five cents and the veteran who
does the work gets one cent from
each one," C.P.O. Joly added. "It is
hoped that contributions will more
than cover these costs as well as to
help the children's home."
State Airline
Is in Oeration1
After a four-day delay caused by
bad weather, the F'ranc~s Airways
started an air taxi service Yesterday
which links eleven southern Michi-
gan cities
The first plane, which was empty,
landed at the Ann Arbor Airport at
11:29 a .m., having left Lansing at
8 a m. and stopping en route at
Ionia, Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo,
Marshall and Jackson. From here it
fI
PRACTiCAL9 RE4ALISTIC POINT OFVIEW ADVOCATED:
Prof. Pa ton Urges Elimination oCorporation ncome Tax
Editor's Nte: This is the last in a series of threearticles dealing sith
post-wzar plannzing ina the economtxic field. The opinion± presented is not
necessarily that of any department of the University, and The Daily does not
mean to imply that it is the only acceptable view on this subject.
By MARGARET FARMER i
. - -ralio nf the tax system."'
for elimination of income and profits
taxes on corporations as such,
"In the first place, such taxes
are inequitable in that they subject
the income accruing to sharehold-
expansion of business capital is a
serious stumbling-block in the way of
maintaining and expanding the level
of production.
"Third, the use of the dual system
of taxing ineome earned through cor -
vestors, Prof. Paton nolnted out.
Basically, the income of the cornr~-
"ation is the same as the income of
the stockholders, and the simplest
method of taxation would be to
ulace the entire burden rdliretiv