WAR
EXTRA
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FINAL
VOL. LI. No. 60A
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, MONDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1941
Z-323
PRICE FIV COM'
Z-323
PRICE FiVE CE~T8
JAP AT
HEAVY
TACKS
TAKE
U.S.
TOLL
U.S. Fleet Commander
Japan Attacks
Hawaii Bases
With Surprise
Morning Rai
Warships In Pearl Harbor
Are Reported Damaged;
Two Invading Planes
Shot Down At Honolulu
Toll Of First Day
Given In Summary
HONOLULU, Dec. 7 - (0) - War
struck suddenly and without warning
from the sky and sea today at the
Hawaiian Islands. Japanese bombs
took a heavy toll in American lives.
Cannonading offshore indicated a
naval engagement in progress.
Wave after wave of planes streaked
over Oahu in an attack which the
army said started at 8:10 a.m., Hon-
olulu time, and which ended at
around 9:25, an hour and 15 minutes
later.
Witnesses said they counted at least
50 planes in the initial attack.
The attack seemed to center obn
Hickman Field, huge army airport
three miles northwest of Honolulu,
and Honolulu, where the islands'
hesavit 'rifjcations ae w td.
The planes streamed through the
sky from the southwest, their bombs
shattering the morning calm. Most of
the attackers flew high, but a few
came low, five down to under a hun-
dred feet elevation to attck Pearl
Harbor.
Oi Tank Hit
An oil tank there was seen blazing,
and smoking. An unconfirmed report
said one ship in the harbor was on]
its side and four others burning.
Army officials said two Japanese
planes had been shot down in the
Honolulu area.
Planes which did not bomb Pearl
Harbor apparently headed for Hick-
man Field. But there the attackers
apparently did not confine themselves
to the heavily fortified areas. From
Wahiawa, a town of 3,000 population
about 20 miles northwest of Honolulu,]
came reports that 10 or more persons
were injured when enemy planes
sprayed bullets on the streets.
Unconfirmed reports said the at-
tackers came from two airplane car-
riers.
United States destroyers were seen
steaming full speed from Pearl Har-
bor, and spectators reported seeing1
shell splashes in the ocean, indicating
an engagement between United States
and Japanese ships
/Several fires were started in the ]
Honolulu area, but all were immedi-
ately controlled.
Damage Not Revealed
There was no immediate statement;
by military officials here as to whe-
ther any service men were killed or
injured, or as to property damage at
military and naval posts.
(Soon after this dispatch was tele-
phoned, a tight censorship was im-
posed on dispatches from the Hawai-
ian Islands. In Washington, some
hours later, the War Department gave
the White House a preliminary esti-
mate that 104 were dead and more
than 300 wounded in the army forces
alone by the bombing.)
The Japanese aggression, which the
United States officially and unequivo-
cally described as "treacherous andt
utterly unprovoked," bore these fruits
for the Fnpire, as summed up from
official and unofficial sources:
Up to 350 U.\S. soldiers killed .and
more than 300 wounded at Hick-
man Field, Hawaiian Islands;
The U. S. Battleship Oklahoma
set afire and two other U. S. ships
at Pearl Harbor attacked;
Heavy damage to Honolulu resi-
dence districts, where there were
unnumbered casualties;
Rear Admiral C. C. Bloch, com-
manding the 14th naval district
which tmbraces Hawaii, heads the
United States fleet which went
into action yesterday against the
Japanese attackers.
S i.r
Moscow
Says
I l
Two Divisions Reported'
Wiped Out By Russians
In Northern Sectors
LONDON, Dec. 7.--A")-The Mos-
cow radio asserted tonight that =the
Russian&s had broken the German line
at two points on the Moscow front,
In one break-through, north of
Moscow, two German divisions were
said to have been completely wiped
out.
In the other, near Kalini\, 90 miles
northwest of the Russian capital, a
village was said to have been recap-
tured. '
Red Army men who the Germans
themselves admitted will die but not
'surrender, not only were holding Mos-
cow today against the worst artillery
'beating the Germans could muster
but also counter-attacking.
In the south, the Soviets continued
to push the Germans back along the
Sea of Azov from the approaches to
Caucasus oil deposits.
The oughness of the Russians' de-
fense of their capital was best de-
scribed by the Berlin radio itself
which said the most frightful artillery
pounding the termans could bring to
bear on the Russians left men and
positions unshaken.
A German broad ast heard here
said:
"Our artillery aimed tons of steel
for days (at the Russians.) Yet no
artillery can possibly smash the num-
erous systems of, trenches and many
dug-in tanks, which form powerful
pillbox posts from every one of which
the Russians maintain a terrific fire."
Except for Russian-held Tula, 100
miles south of Moscow, which was in
danger of being surrounded; war dis-
paches here gave the Soviets the up-
per hand here on virtually every ac-
tiVe sector of the almost completely
snowbound Russian front.
The Kuibyshev radio commentator
said the Russians had advanced from
50 to 75 miles since opening the of-
fensive which rooted the Germans out
of Rostov, gateway city of the Cau-
casus.
CIO Mine Workers
Win Union Shop
In Captive Mines
NEW YORK, Dec. 7. -(A)- The
United Mine Workers of America
(CIO) tonight won a 2-to-1 Arbitr y-
tion Board decision awarding a union
shop in captive mines owned by the
country's major steel producers.
The decision was announced by Dr.
John R. Steelman, chairman on the
board who was granted a leave of ab-
sence as director of the U.S. Concili-
ation Service to head the arbitrators.
John L. Lewis, president of the
union, agreed with Steelman in the
majority opinion. Benjamin F. Fair-
less, president of the United States
Steel Corporation, dissented and re-
BULLETINS
NEW YORK, Dec. 8.-(P)-Australia has declared war on Japan, the
Columbia Broadcasting System correspondent in that country reported
tonight in a cable received her.
CBS said the correspondent sent this cable:
"Australia declared war on Japan.
"Carefully elaborated plansi. . were immediately put into opera-
tion. The average Australian is now facing the present situation with
relief and enthusiasm."
NEW YORK, Monday, Dec. 8.--iP)-NB'C reported from Manila
early today that it had received a report that the U.S. transport General
Hugh L. Scott, formerly an American President liner, had been sunk
about 1600 miles from Manila.
NBC relayed another report from Manila that the forme President
Harrison, now a transport which has been sent to China to evacuate
Americans, "had been either seized or sunk in the Yangtze River, just
south of Shanghai."
NEW YORK, Dec. 7.-W)-The Berlin radio tonight broadcast a Tokyo
announce'nent that the U.S. Battleship West Virginia had been sunk and the
Battleship Oklahoma set afire in an engagement between the Japanese and
the U.S. and British navies. The broadcast was heard by CBS.
The Berlin broadcast said that the battle was "still going on" ad that
altogether three U.S. ships were hit. The third was not named.
* * - * *
LONDON, Monday, Dec. 8.-(A)-A Reuters dispatch from Shang-
hai today quoted an unconfirmed report circulated there saying U.S.-
owned Wake Island had been occupied by the Japanese.
The British News Agency said the Shanghai rumors had it that the
pccupation of Wake was accomplished peacably.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 7.-(JP)-The Civil Aeronautics Authority issued
orders tonight grounding all private airplanes in the United States and its
possessions, except commercial airliners. The CAA suspended temporarily
all pilot licenses except those held by pilots on regular air lines.
LOS ANGELES, Dec. 7.-U)-Premier Hideki Tojo told the Japanese
people in a broadcast from Tokyo tonight "I hereby promise you that
Japan will win final victory." He said Japan was declari _,war on the
United States for "self protection and self existence."
LONDON, Monday, Dec. 8.-P)--The British Parliament was called into
special session for 3 p.m. today (9 a.m., EST) to hear a Government state-
ment which everyone agreed would be a declaration of war against Japan
which was expected to coincide with similar action by the United States.
* ,' . 4 4
BALBOA, Canal Zone, Dec. 7.-(P)-A blackout of the Canal Zone
and Panama was ordered tonight effective at 6:30 p.m.
HONGKONG, Dec. 8.-4A1-Hongkong had its first air-raid alarm to-
day when nine Japanese planes bombed Kowloon, mainland sector of this
British Crown Colony.
NEW YORK, De'. 8-A)-The British radio reported 10 Japanese
ships were sighted today in the Gulf of Siam (Thailand) off Bankok,
the Thai capital. The broadcast was heard by CBS.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 7.-P(A)-Civilian air raid wardens in the Capital
were ordered on the alert tonight by J. Russell Young, civilian defense co-
ordthator here, in a radio message which urged citizens to stay off the
streets and reduce illumination as far as possible.
{ "Every enrolled air raid warden in every section of the metropolitan
area should arrange for a constant watch tonight and into tomorrow. Not
less than four citizens in every block of this area should remain constantly
on the alert during the night and until after sun-up.
"Citizens not attending to necessary business should remain indoors and
off the streets. All unnecessary use of roads and streets should be avoided.
All driving lights should be dimmed.
"This does not mean a blackout," he added.
Campus Response To Crisis:
JapaneserWar On United States
Brings Varied Faculty Reactions
Speech To Joint
Of Senate, House
Session
Today
Chief Executive Summons Congressional Leaders,
Cabinet Members To Emergene Meeting
WASHINGTON, Monday, Dec. 8.--(J)-Bombs from Japan made war on the United States today and as death
tolls mounted President Roosevelt announced he would deliver in person today a special message to Congress.
In the background as the Commander-in-Chief went before the joint session of the House and Senate was a
Government report of "heavy" Naval and "large" losses to the Army.
Whether Mr. Roosevelt will ask for a formal declaration of war by this country, to match the action taken In
Tokyo, was left uncertain after a hurriedly summoned meeting of his Cabinet and Congressional leaders of both
parties last night at the White House. Also uncertain was whether that declaration might extend to Japan's Axis
Allies, Germany and Italy.
It was clear from a statement made by the participants, however, that Congress would be requested to
adopt a resolution of some nature, and equally clear that it would quickly give its approval. A request for govern-
>mental power equivalent to that under a war declaration was expected as
a minimum. As quickly as word of the first bursting bomb was received,
Nippon Break the President as Commander-in-Chief called upon the Army and Navy to
repel the attack. Far in advance of any action which Congress may take
/ h A m erica today, the United States was fighting an attack.
Tokyo later announced its declaration of war on this country, and Great
S ~Britain as well. As was the case here, the British Parliament was called into
s tarted t I '3 special session for this afternoon to take action.
_ ii ^ r % a i +I - . ;n,... -.. ., .. ..,a.. ....:. . _. _ L _ _ i _ .. _
Nation Awaits Roosevelt
Chinese Invasion Began
Decade Of Friction
With Japanese -
By GLENN BABB
(Associated Press Cable Staff)
Japanese-American friendship last-
ed a half century and began to break
up in 1931.
Eighty-eight years ago America in-
troduced Japan to the family of na-
tions; in the decades that followed
Americans encouraged, fostered, took
an almost paternal pride in Japan's
spectacular rise to world power. In
the main, two or three generations of
Japanese responded with gratitude,
admiration and efforts to emulate the
American way of life.
Discord In Advancea
But in Japan's very advance were
elements of discord; she 'became a
great power and embarked on a vast
imperial program which made even
the wide Pacific Ocean too small to
contain both Japanese ambitions and
America's conception of her own
safety.
Small frictions which arose some
35 years ago developed slowly until
1931, when Japan plunged into Man-
churia and embarked on a program of
expansion and conquest. Seen in
retrospect , it seems clear now that
that was'"the turning point in'Ameri-
can-Japanese relations, ,that clashl
in faraway Mukden the night of Sep-
temper 18, 1931; even the turning
point of modern history. From there
Japan went on to the first successful
defiance of the existing world order,
showing the way to Mussolini and
Hitler.
Cold Relations
For ten years there have been only
coldly polite relations between Wash-
ington and Tokyo. Formal diplomatic
ties barely concealed growing hostil-
ity. The pace of the movement toward
collision has steadily increased; in the
past year it has become an avalanche.
Japan has aligned herself with Ger-
many and Italy and proclaimed a new
order for Europe, Africa and Asia.
The United States has decided that
her interests lie with the nations
fighting to prevent establishment of
that order, to which Japan's contri-
butions have been the conquest of
Manchuria, the over-running of east-
ern China, the subjection of French
Indo-China, the declaration of her
purpose to dominate all "Greater East
Asia."
U. S. Joins Others
So the United State has taken her
place alongside Britain, China, Russia,
the Netherlands and the other gov-
ernments, mostly in exile, which are
fighting the Axis. Of these China has
been fighting Japan more than, four
years and Britain, Russia and The
Quickiy, many or the discordant elements which have been bickering
over foreign policy for months, united in a sglid front of support for the war.
Senator Wheeler (Dem.-Mont.) issued a statement declaring his support,
and General Robert Wood, chairman of the America First Committee, made
a similar declaration.
At the same time, the other republics of his hemisphere were rallying to
the support of the United States. Canada declared war on Japan and so.
did Costa Rica. Mexico unhesitating ly ranged itself beside its northern
The President will address a joint session of
Congress at 12:30 p.m. today. This announce-
ment was made following a special meeting of
the Cabinet and Congressional leaders at the
White House last night.
neighbor. All the nations of the continent were officially iformed of
Japan's "treacherous attack" and the State Department reported a heart-
ening number of immediate sympathetic responses.
And America's allies in this war, tco, were busy. In addition to prepara-
tions for today's parliament meeting in London, the Government of the
Dutch East Indies declared war on Jal an.
. Out in the Far Pacific, meanwhil , American soldiers and sailors were
dead or dying. War Department estimates said that 104 had been killed on
the island of Oahu alone, with more than 300 wounded. Oahu is the largest
of the Hawaiian islands.
The reference to "heavy" losses to the Navy came from the White
House itself, and led some to connect the phrase with recurrent unofficial
reports that a battleship of the line had been sunk. There were unofficial
reports, too, that a Japanese aircraft carrier had been sent to the bottom.
It was a calm, unhurried Capital that went to war today, a Capital
completely devoid of parades, cheerinis and the usual exuberant outburst of
demonstrative patriotism. A cluster of people, peering through the pickets
of the White House fence, and special guards posted 4t some buildings was
the only evidence of what had taken place.
Cabinet, Congressional Leaders Meet
The Cabinet and the Congressional group gravely gathered for last-
night's conference at the White House, a session at which an official state-
ment said, all the information that had been received was carefully classi-
fied as between fact and rumor.
Until the time of the meeting it had been assumed that a declaration of
war by the United States would come today as a matter of course, However,
the President's callers, for the most part, referred only to the announcement
of the joint session and Mr. Roosevelt's speech, as they left the Executive
Mansion.
This was matter-of-factly announced by Chairman Connally (Dem.-
Tex.) of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
Speaker Rayburn, questioned by the newsmen, said the Chief Executive
did not disclose what he was going to say, and, asked if there would be'a
declaration of war, replied:
"I don't know."
There Will Be Congressional Unity
Rayburn added, however, that a declaration of war was one thing upon
which there would be Congressional unity.
Representative Martin (Rep.-Mass.), the minority floor leader, asked
whether there had been a discussion of abandoning politics during the wpr
emergency said:
"This is a serious moment. We were not talking about politics. Of
course there will be none." . r
And from Senator McNdry (Rep.-Ore.), the Republican floor leader,
came a statement that his party colleagues would "all go along with what
is done."
Japan Attacks Singapore
SINGAPORE, Monday, Dec. 8.--P)-The Japanese landed in northern
By CLAYTON DICKEY and
HALE ChAMPION
Japan's sudden plunge into all-.
out war in the Pacific, surprised, but
on the whole didn't faze, Michigan's
well-informed faculty. Those that
were at home wvhen the news broke
were ready instantly with their re-
actions, many of which included sub-
jects not touched in rapid-fire news
reports.
Prof. Preston W. Slosson, after two
hours of listening to radio bulletins,
declared that this new phase of World
War II would soon become integrat-
ed with the whole and that the U.S.
would become even more entangled
in the other phases.
Adding that this was evidently
an all-out gamble on the part of
the Japanese which must make or
break them in a short time, Slosson
stated that the purpose of the war
did not include Oriental suprem-
acy aloe, but rather was an at-
te ct to end all American inflo-
anese move by asking that we re-
member that it is the Tokyo military
clique that is responsible for this wild
gamble, not the millions of common
people who have no voice in their
government.
He further stressed that perhaps a
clean break was better, for it cleared
the air of uncertainty and clarified
issues. McDowell also commented
on the possibility that German-Jap-
anese naval cooperation might bring
World War II to a stage in which it
would be the Allies against the Axis
with no holds barred.
How the Japanese declaration in
the face of certain United States
resistance will affect the Selective
Service draft was described by Ed-
win C. Goddard, professor emeritus
of law and chairman of the Ann
Arbor draft board. Although God-
dard has as yet received no instruc-
tions from the War Department at
Washington, it is his belief that