THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURs
--A
SDail
Further Analysis Favors U.S.
Declaration Of War On Nazis
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tvid Lachenbruch
vin Dann .
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NIGHT EDITOR: MORTON MINTZ
The editorials published in The Michigan
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only.
student Apathy
s Attacked . **
-I
T HE, UNIVERSITIES HAVE BEEN
traditionally - and complacently -
heralded as the last refuge for the dispassionate
and intelligent discussion of vital issues, the
stronghold of far-sighted opposition to blindly
emotional mass movements, the birth-place and
the cradle of liberalism. Members of the academic
world, professors and students , alike, have sol-
emnly warned the world beyond the cloisters
that the disappearance of this function of the
universities would sap democracy of much of its
vitality and slow down its resistance to the tidal
wave of blind and irrational movements.
We find ourselves at this moment being car-
ried with seeming inevitability along a torrential
stream toward the vastness of an unknown sea,
fraught with unknown perils. Our government
has initiated and nearly completed a program, the
effect of which will be to plunge us into total par-
ticipation in the most destructive of all wars; to
date-a war whose ultimate fruits are as un-
predictable as were those of the first War-TQ-
Save-Democracy. And the students at the Uni -
versity of Michigan go along in their usual blithe
way, their gaiety marred only by occasional wor-
ries as to what bands are going to play at the
next .J-Hop.
IT IS NO MORE than fair to assume that thd't
vast majority of students on campus who
neither oppose nor actively, support our govern-,
ment's foreign policy, accept it and are willing
to take all the possible consequences of its exe-
cution. Yet it is clear that just those who seem
passively to accept the destiny which has been
carved out for them and for their country are
the ones who have least of all examined the is-
sues at stake and carefully weighed probable
result against probable result. It is this curiously
apathetic mass of students which is making the
conception of a university as, at least partially,
a place where future leaders are trained to make
clear and thoughtful analyses and decisions con-
cerning vital problems; a pathetically hollow
conception.
They have refused to evaluate the possibility of
accomplishing the alleged purposes for which
we seem destined to kill off many of our men, to
wreak greater economic havoc than that which'
is inevitable even without entering a shooting
war, and to threaten the last fortress of democ-
racy with the possibility of internal fascism in
our very attempt to stamp it out on a world-
wide scale.
They have neglected-tragically so-to seek
the explicit peace aims of Roosevelt and Church-
ill if Hitler should be defeated. No one can ques-
tion the sincerity and admirable ends of Roose-
velt's Eight Points, but how many of those who
either actively urge or are passively willing to
accept American participation in the war, have
considered just how possible it will be to foist
them upon a ravaged and impoverished world
wracked vith practical problems demanding im-
mediate solution %by the most expedient methods
available-far from ideal. that they necessarily
have to be?,
THAT THE MENACE of Hitlerism must be ob-
literated is not denied by this writer. But
equally compelling is the necessity of avoiding
a plunge into a shooting war without knowing
exactly what our aims are and whether or not
they can best be accomplished by such partici-
By ROBERT MANTHO
ISOLATIONISTS refuse to admit it, but a
world order is collapsing in Europe, brought
on by the wide-spread war which Germany is
forcing the world to accept, much as Napoleon
compelled the people in his period to accept an
unwanted militarism. And, just as the world
could do nothing about it then, so the world
must now bear the tramp of marching feet until
it arms itself to end oppression and looks to the
future with a view toward preventing' the proba-
bility of a new Dark Age of loosened barriers, of
war and destruction, of enslavement.
Or, if the world cannot prevent such a
black period in man's advance from barbar-
ism, it can, at least, seek to shorten it by
providing a nation capable of giving leader-
ship to a lasting new world order hammered
from the anvil of bitter experience. Presen-
tation of facts reveals the hopeless inade-
quacy of any nation on or near the continent
of Europe to provide such a leadership.
Italy 4nd France can be ruled out on the basis
of insufficient power. There remain in Europe
only England and Germ'any as possible victors
of the war and, at the same time, as possible
leaders of a new world order. Outside Europe,
the new leader must come from one of three
powers Russia, Japan and the hUnited States of
America. These five then, are all that lie between
us and another Dark Age of indeterminable
length; and three of these nations conform to a
doctrine which contradicts ip every essential the
fabric into which is woven, fundamentally, the
existence itself of the other two potential leaders.
RESTING on the belief that war is a nation's
natural state, German economy s bidding
for its place in the sun of a post-war order. The
might of German armies threatens to put this
system in the saddle; yet such an economy can
only be supported by military victory; and mili-
tary victory is creator of nothing. Tribute and
enslavement of the defeated are its only fruits.
Marriage of the Nazi system to any free econ-
omy is out of the question, since from divorce-
ment' alone it derives its strength. So long as it
can project its anarchic concepts on a far-flung
front, survival of this system follows apriori. So
long as non-anarchic trade regions remain in
the world, the system's functioning will be con-
siderably hampered. In the event of a Nazi
victory over the combined forces of England
and Russia, collapse of the German economy is
unlikely. On the contrary, a F'ascist victory
indubitably will mean an enforcement of a set of
world conditions under which the Nazi economy.
and state could survive.
If Germany is not defeated in the struggle,
our generation can never look again for
peace. Such will be the situation under a
German-sponsored "new world order," a
state of affairs not visualized, certainly, by
our many appeasers. On this point, two
facts hold sway: morally, there is no sanc-
tion for a German leadership of the world
and the system itwould bring about; at the
same time, the strength for such leadership
is augmented by further conquest of terri-
tory-the "worlds to conquer" concept
which dates back to Alexander the Great.
LOOKING TO ENGLAND, there are powerful
factors which-presage that the permanence
of British leadership in a new order is doubtful,
even if her armies win the war. England's
supreme rank among nations has always been
based on her economic and financial strength.
But she entered this war an England already
burdened by a long depression's debt; thus, she
was forced, for the first time in her long history,
to enter an armed conflict as a debtor rathef
than as a creditor nation. The heavy taxes,
draining even the smallest of incomes, speak an
eloquent story of the financial burden with
which England is saddled in waging her present
war. Kaiser Wilhelm's venture cost Great
Britain much of her standing in the United
States and Canada. This one promises to com-
plete the job by obliterating many of her valu-
able interests in the Far East, as well as those
yet remaining in America.
Even as far back as 1914, basic economic
changes were seriously restricting a considerable
number of England's more strategic world mar-
kets. Today the limitation of those markets is
moretlin evidence. The .cotton mills of China,
Japan and India are encroaching upon the pre-
serves of Lancashire cotton spinners. Her coal
industry has been hard hit by oil fuel and by
development of hydro-electric power in other
markets. At the same time, other natiorns,
formerly forced to take a back seat to England's
industrial efficiency, are shifting the gears of
technological advancement at a speed which is
stand on this most vital of issues must be taken
by everybody; no one can afford to be passive.
Indeed the most deplorable thing that can happen
to America, regardless of what our subsequent
policy may be, is that the probable consequences
of that policy not be realized by the mass of its
supporters. It will require mature thought and
a perspective removed, for the moment, from the
confusion and heated emotions of the immediate
situation, in order to arrive at a firm conviction
as to what position one shold take.
But unless America's citizens-especially those
in 'the universities-individually face the issue
and act according to their firm convictions, our
fast making "the world's workshop" lose ground
gained previously.
Points like these argue the inability of
Britain to provide world leadership in a
post-war order. We can ask no more of
England than survival in this struggle to the
death. Even success in such an undertaking
will sap too much of her moral and material
strength.
ELIMINATION OF ENGLAND narrows the
field down to three candidates: Russia,
Japan and the United States. But no one can
seriously regard Russia or Japan as capable of
directing the world's destiny after the war. Both
these nations deny any freedom to the individual
-the core of American doctrine. Russia, al-
though professing the belief that the state is for
the idividual, yeti denies him necessary free-
dom; America stands firm for individual su-
premacy over the state and recognizes that prog-
ress of society goes hand-in-glove with freedom
of the individual. Japan holds its emperor
accountable only to God; the American press is
liberally critical and sanctions use of the politi-
cal cartoon.
All isolationist argument to the contrary, the
days of George Washington live only in the
pages of history. "No entangling alliances with
other nations" may have been sage advice back
in the 1790's. Today the pictue has changed..
Force of circumstance decrees America's day has
dawned. An established world order is crum-
bling. A new one must be supplied in its place.
It would be useless for America to prepare
for a peace perhaps never to be seen by this
generation. The only step is a bold step, one
which will force events toward a world that
satisfies America. And such a world is
blocked by the German boulder. To turn
back andbseek a ircuitos path, as our isoa-
tionists would have us do, is fatuous. No path
will be found. Neither will gentle pushing
solve the problem. We cannot wish our way
to freedom. Application of force sufficientI
for removal of the boulder is the only practi-
cal answer. Might must be met with might.
OUR ATTITUDE toward Nazi aggession has
been analagous to pushing gently on a boul-
der which blocks forward progress. Those advo-
cating this recourse realize the problem con-
fronting America, but they are content to hope
the boulder will remove itself. All aid to Britain
short of war, however, is, at best, a halfway
measure.
Today we still have those who argue let well
enough alone. These are the "do-nothings"-
our isolationists. They are confused. But Presi-
dent Roosevelt, by his bold shoot-.on-sight speech
of a few weeks past, has carried the nation to
the brink of war with Germany. In so doing,
he has shown he is preparing the American
people for the final step. There he has stopped.
N THE MEANTIME, American supply
ships, bound for those who still struggle
against German transgression, are warily
watching the sea-lanes for Nazi U-boats and
surface raiders. A situation of virtual war
on the seas exists. How much better would
be a state of actual war, made significant
by an open declaration. Sch a step would
loose the might of America's army and navy
in all-out war against Germany,, and the
scales must tip heavily on the side of Eng-
land and Russia. There would be no confu-
sion, no wishful thinking on the part of the
American people. Instead there would be
stark reality: the people must then resolve
themselves to total war. Beyond lies Amer-
ica's destiny. Defeat of Hitler is the sole
guarantee of a peace according to American
terms.
a. p. blaustein's %
ONE GOOD THING about the idea of repealing
the Neutrality Act,-it'll save administration
leaders a lot of embarrassment trying to explain.
to whom we've been neutral.
If our memory serves us right, the only
war the U.S. hasn't butted into (A.D. FDR)
was that fracas between Peru and Ecuador
last summer. Remember, the war that start-
ed because there was ne definite boundary
line and six pecks of dirt were unidentified.
Maybe good fences would also make Good
Neighbor policy.
* *. *
ALTHOUGH THE BROOKLYN DODGERS are
now among the world's defeated objects,
they are fortunate in being able to say "waitt
'till next year." All the Republicans can say is
"wait 'till 1944." All the Japs can say is "wait."
To The Daily from Peter Carter: "I wonder
when Tom Harmon reads some of the criti-
cisms in The Daily columns does he think
about a line of Shakespeare's which reads:
"...This was the most unkindest cut of all."
No, he doesn't. The Gary Flash agrees
with us that "Harmon of Michigan" is one
of the pictures Senator Nye should have in-
vestigated.
For Britain: Cooperation
The Germans have much to avenge, after the
terrible battering the R.A.F. has given them, and
the Germans are a vengeful people. Long, dark
nights will give their bombers the' opportunity
once more of assaulting our cities with fire and
LETTERS
TO THE EDITOR
MR. BAKER'S EDITORIAL of
Tuesday, October 7, brings to
my mind a question that recurs con-
stantly to me in observing the man-
ner in which we Americans educate
ourselves:-When, in ' the name of
heaven, are students to be left on
their own feet, thinking freely, un-
sheltered by pedagogical proprieties?
It's the same old story of academic
apron strings that Heine hated at
Gottingen, that Bertrand Russell
found in New York City-and that
Baker, now, would make more secure
in Ann Arbor. Thus speak the apron
string mongers: "Ah,if we but can
wait another two,-three years, un-
til one is more mature, then can we
safely permit our charges to examine
the ideas of the world!"
This maturity, it is a very odd
thing. One is asked to refrain from
certain experiences until one has at-
tained maturity, when maturity is
born only of those very experiences.
Step by step we have retreated be-
fore every maturing agency in our
manner of education. Principally,
by abandoning the classical Western
cultural tradition, we have thrown
away our finest anchorage for ma-
ture speculation. Via an accent on
the practical arts we have fallen
ever further away from our inherited
cultural maturity, so that to the
American student falls the infinitely
difficult task of developing such a
maturity by and of himself. It is
senseless to suppose that such ma-
turity will ever be found in Mr. Ba-
ker's classroom.
I S IT too much to ask that the col-
lege student be prepared to at-
tack the validity of argument, inside
or outside the classroom? And again,
looking at Baker's greatest fear, that
.the student will not perceive where
fact ceases and idea commences, c-
cepting all Tor fact-Baker should
realize, as in his own illustration, the
very existence of an inescapable ar-
gument of opposition will prevent
the student from committing this
basic error. And just in the order of
the question's importance, will there
always be inescapable opposing argu-
ent, obvious to the thinking stu-
.nt. An unthinking individual has
no place in any university.
Anyone failing to perceive these
things, failing to grant the student
complete freedom in sources of ideas
is the one responsible for the very
immaturity that he decries and uses
again, viciously, as an argument for
the further postponement of the day
when the boy and girl are finally to
be weaned fromthe infernal pesti-
lence of constant, stifling guidance.
I realize that Baker will grant the
student freedom in the selection of
ideas, but it should be fully realized
that no source of idea should be de-
nied the student as too advanced,
too mature--for it is by the maturity
of the ideas with which the student
becomes familiar that the all im-
portant maturity of the student him-
self is developed.
"Make your blunders on a small
scale, and make your profits on a
large scale," so advises a well known
principal of engineering practice. An-
alogously to the engineer's use of
the miniature pilot plant or semi-
works, where production methods are
attempted for the first time on a
small scale with a small investment
in equipment, so may the school be
considered such a device for the ap-
plication of the thinking proceses of
the student. Here, in the compara-
tive safety of a university, the stu-
dent should be fully free to explore
his own intellect under a genuinely
universal stimulation stemming not
only from the minds of student as-
sociates, but from the minds of the
faculty; for in many interests of the
intellect only a relatively mature and
informed individual is capable of ex-
citing such stinulation. Mistakes
made in this institution will seem
small compared to those we may
make in later life. If Baker should
have his way, and we should leave
school with our store of blunders of
the thinking process left undimin-
ished, we should find ourselves ex-
hausting ourselves of those intellec-
tual errors under the most arduous
circumstances of life, where such er-
ror means moral, social, and eco-
nomic tragedy.
AKE NO MISTAKE, Mr. Baker,
the minds and ideas of your fac-
ulty constitute the vitals of this Uni-I
versity; remove them from the class-
room and you no longer have a Uni-
versity.
--Richard Young, '42E
Trouble In Argentina
All that lies behind Argentina's
suppression of anballegedsubversive
plot in the air corps has not come
to light, but it seems reasonably cer-
tain that internal politics cuts heav-
ily across the drive against Nazi fifth
columnists.
Divisions run deep between Argen-
tines of the ruling classes on both
domestic and foreign policies. The air
corps incident, involving removal of
Gen. Angel M. Zuloaga from his com-
mand and the arrest of some twenty
lesser officers, 4harply discloses- the
The Reply Churlish.
By TOUCHSTONE
MONDAY'S DAILY carried an in- THE DIETROIT TIMES now run-
teresting news item, from which ning serialized version of Jan Val-
I take the liberty to reprint here two tin's Out of the Night. We do not
paragraphs. choose to read, but I am pondering
The ordinance, if assed in its£ over whether the ripe language, and
i erotic'adventures which did far more
present form by the Ckuncil to. make the book a best seller than
(City Council of Ann Arbor) any political significance, are being
would compel all food handlers bowdlerized. Inot,Valtin represents
to receive instruction in the han- a departure from the usual type of
dling of food, and to fill out a fiction appearing in our newspapers.
notarized question blank which
would be used as the basis for
determining the advisability of a AND from the Times (Detroit) Is a
health examination by the city k good point to.get to work plug-
physician. ging for Orson Welles' Citizen Kane.
Since there are 2,500 food My personal nomination for the best
handlers in the city, it was motion picture of all time. Welles
pointed, out, the problem is one as actor, Welles as director, Welles
that should be taken care of at as writer, is so far above ,anything
once. that has come out of Hollywood be-
fore that it hurts. If the Academy is
In the light of recent. scientific anything but blind and senile, a new
disclosures by Lister, Pasteur, and order of things will be noted at the
several other prominent moderns, time of distribution of Phe Oscars
and bearing in mind the advanced this year.
attitude toward social disease which Approach the picture from what-
if it has not filtered through to the ever angle you choose, it stands above
general public, has at least become all other attempts. It is the greatest
a topic of discussion among medical study of the American tycoon, the
men, I feel that the City Council of "American scene which produced him,
Ann Arbor deserves something in the and the hidden things which are
line of congratulations for its pro- private even to tycoons, that has
gressive spirit and unswerving loyal- ever been'made. It is the first pic-
ty to the public good, ture to convey both a social and a
personal moral with force, and sans
YOUR DOLLAR will get somebody malarchy. The Informer and Grapes
else twenty at the Chinese Relief of Wrath and for me, The Scoundrel
dance Friday night at the League. were all great pictures within the
Admission two bucks the couple, and limitations of their own intentions,
I'm sure the Union will be able to but Citizen Kane has everything any
spare you just this once. Cost' of of them had, plus the best rounded
living still not rising appreciably in out cast, the finest photography, and
China, and a little goes no kidding the most impressive and colloquial
twenty times as far, and you can feel form ever -put on the screen. More
useful and dance at the same time. to come. So long until soon.
DLY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
4
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GRIN AND BEAR IT Byifichty
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"What shall I say to
the Whiffle Whistle Co.?-shall I lose
your temper?"
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(Continued from Page 2) !
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Further Information. If at any time
an employee wishes further informa-
tion regarding any compensation case,,
he is urged to consult either the Busi-
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Shirley W. Smith
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Herbert G. Watkins
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in order to insure an adeqgate check.
If a student does not complete his
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C. S. Yoakum, Dean
Graduate Students: Without good
and sufficient' reasons courses may
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