PAGEFOUR
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
Evolution Of Equitable Society Is Only Hope
For Solution To Problems Of Minority Qroups
~1
iI
S Irs4 c ,or. .-.W.,,
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Editorial
Carl Petersen
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NIGHT EDITOR: MILTOl! ORSHEFSKY
The editorials published in The Michigan
Daily are written by members of The Daily
staff and represent the views of the writers
only.
Soviet Bombing
Can't Be Justified . .
USTIFICATION of Russia's action
in subjecting Finnish civilian popu-
lations to aerial bombardment is impossible.
On Sunday of last week the Finnish Govern-
ment dispatched a note to Moscow in reply to
Ritssian protest over alleged firing by Finnish
batteries of seven shells into Russian territory.
In the note, denying that Finnish troops had
fired the shells and asserting it had been Rus-
,ian batteries which were in action, Foreign
Minister Eljas Erkko of Finland declared:
my government is ready to deliberate the
Russian proposal with the intention that troops
be removed by both sides to a fixed distance from
the frontier. I have noticed with satisfaction
your intimation the Soviet Government does
not intend to exaggerate the importance of a
frontier incident that they . . . believed had
taken place." i
On Wednesday the Russian government,
through Foreign Commissar Molotoff, replied
to the Finnish note, saying: "The reply of th
Government of Finland to the note of the
Soviet Government of Nov. 26 constituted a
document reflecting profound hostility on the
part of the Government of Finland toward the
Soviet Union and carries to the extreme the
crisis in relations between the two countries."
Declaring that the bombing of Soviet troops
could not be explained by any other reason
than "a desire to lead astray public opinion and
deride the victims of the shooting;" that refusal
of the Finnish Government to withdraw the bor-
der troops and its demand for simultaneous
withdrawal of Soviet and Finnish troops con-
stiuted a hostile act incompatible with the non-
aggression pact between the two countries, the
note concluded: ". . . the Soviet Government
deems itself compelled to state that from this
date it considers itself free from the obliga-
tions undertaken under the non-aggression pact
concluded between the U.S.S.R. and Finland
and systematically violated by the Government
of Finland."
This action was followed Wednesday night
by the breaking off, by Moscow, of diplomatic
relations with Finland, while the Russian army
and navy units concentrated along Finnish land
and sea frontiers were ordered to "be ready for
all emergencies." This action by Moscow came
before the Finnish Government could deliver a
note to the Kremlin offering to withdraw Fin-
nish forces from the frontier as a gesture toward
settling their quarrel. The note, signed by
Erkko, said: "My government is ready to settle
with the Soviet government the question of the
removal of Finnish defense forces on the Kare-
lian Isthmus . . ." He said the Finnish Gov-
ernment desired "to prove emphatically there
is a sincere effort to reach an accord with the
Soviet Government, and refute the Soviet Gov-
ernment's allegations that Finland has adopted
a hostile attitude toward the U.S.S.R. and is
desirous of threatening the security of Lent-
grad."
The severing of diplomatic relations was fol-
lowed on Thursday by active military moves
by Russia against Finland, including three air-
raids on Helsinki, the Finnish capital, in which
official estimates of the dead were placed at 80.
Russian objectives apparently were the railroad
station, the harbor and airport, but many pro-
iectiles fell in the central part of the city.
By ROBERT SPECKHARD
SEVERAL WEEKS AGO on this campus Dr.
Ludwig Lewisohn, noted Jewish author and
Zionist leader, discussed the Jewish minority
problem, and, by his own definition, involved
the question of minorities in general.
In his analysis of the present condition of
the Jewish minority Dr. Lewisohn pointed out
that, in times of general economic well-being the
minority of a country is in a "tolerable" posi-
tion. That is, although the life of a minority is
filled with innumerable insults and miseries, it
is yet able to share employment, decent living
conditions, educational facilities, and other bene-
fices of society to a "tolerable" degree. As an
example he pointed to the life of the Jewish
minority in the United States as being "toler-
able" compared to the life of the Jewish minor-
ity in some of the European countries. It may
be emphasized, however, that the very presence
of a minority problem in the United States in-
dicates that this country's economic well-being
and the "tolerableness" of the position of minor-
ities are only relative.
THE CONDITION of the minority, Dr. Lewi-
sohn pointed out, gets inevitably worse as
the economic well-being of a country declines.
In the cases of Czarist Russia, post-war Poland,
and Nazi Germany, the murderous attacks and
persecutions of Jews manifested the decline of
those economies. The growth in the last few
years in this country of anti-Semitism, expressed
by such men as Father Coughlin, is a graphic
illustration of hatred of minorities increasing
as economic depression stresses the bitter com-
petition for existence.'
After this analysis of the causes for minority
problems, Dr. Lewisohn formulated his solu-
tion on the premise that the Jewish race is a
thing immutable, that it is incapable of assimi-
lation. Forgetting his economic bases for the
existence of minority problems, he failed to
arrive at a solution that would correct the
causes he had just described. Dr. Lewisohn
based his arguments on a biologically and lin-
guistically weak premise, disregarded his eco-
nomic analysis and emphasized the immut-
ability of the Jewish race, a concept founded on
racial emotionalism rather than rational inter-
pretation.
DR. LEWISOHN's solution, transplanting mil-
lions of Jewish people to the arid land from
music
By RICHARD BENNETT
THERE IS NOTHING particularly outstanding
about Jussi Bjoerling's program for his
Choral Union recital tomorrow evening. Most
interesting inclusions are two songs ("Ich mochte
Schweben" and "I drommen du ar mig iara")
by Emil Sjogren and two ("Say, Say, Susa" and
"Slicken kom") by Jan Sibelius.
Johann Gustav Emil Sjogren, the post-roman-
tic 'Stockholm composer, organist and teacher,
was the writer of about eighty songs which are
still as highly regarded in Sweden as. those of
Adolf Jensen in Germany. His works do not
display the almost exclusively Scandinavian
character of Grieg, but show an infusion of
German ideas. They are characterized by a
certain amount of Scandinavian style, however,
coupled with a warm emotionalism which was
derived from more southern countries. (In the
middle eighties Sjogren made a tour through
Europe, visiting Vienna, Munich, Venice, and
Paris.)
Although Sjogren's activity was'devoted main-
ly to writing songs-they belong to the best in
the post-romantic style of the period 1880-1900
-he has enriched the scanty store of Sweden's
chamber music with some important and valu-
able works. These latter have the same qualities
that distinguish his songs-instinctive lyrical
feeling, freshness of invention, and an enthusi-
astic love of nature. Much of his work shows a
highly developed harmonic instinct capable of
fine modulatory effects. His style, while per-
sonal, is not highly original; it bears, as was
said, an unmistakable northern stamp, but
without any specifically national means of
expression. Being, as he was, a lyrical composer,
Sjogren avoided speculative tendencies (especi-
ally in his youth) and seldom devoted himself
to serious technical work. This particular limi-
tation of his creative ability is evident in the
working-out sections of his sonatas for piano
and for violin, for he had no idea of compli-
cated thematic development. For the same
reason, presumably, he never attempted any
work on a large and difficult scale.
SJOGREN'S EARLY WORK is full of youth-
ful passion and daring, strength, and tender
romanticism; the later works show richness of
imagination, fine sensibility in the best light,.
and are not without a note of pathos, though
they have less individuality and charm.
The work of Sibelius will be sketched at- a
later date. Other compositions Mr. Bjoerling
will offer are: "Adelaide," an early song by
Beethoven; "An Sylvia," Schubert's setting of
Shakespeare's "Who Is Sylvia?" from Two
Gentlemen of Verona (it is to be hoped Mr.
Bjoerling will sing the work in English); also
Schubert's "Die Boese Farbe;" two songs, "Mor-
gen" and "Caecilee" by Richard Strauss; three
operatic aries, "O Paradiso" from Meyerbeer's
L'Afrlcana, "The Dream" from Massenet's opera
Manon, and the "Flower Song" from Carmen;
and a group of songs by the American writers,
Clay, Foster, and LaForge.
which their ancestors were forced centuries
ago, is erroneous in its concept and impractical
in its application. As a general solution to the
problem of minorities, the creation of suitable
homelands for the many minorities is a practical
impossibility, and when viewed in the light of
historical experience, offers no assurance of
permanence. Mere realignments of minorities
and majorities or of territories is not a per-
manent solution to the problem as European
post-war events bear out.
The only permanent solution to the minority
question is a correction of those forces that
create the problem which)Dr. Le'visohn so ex-
cellently analysed. The persecutions and suf-
ferings of minorities increase in proportion to
amount of economic depression, and therefore
the competition for existence is made keener.
Hatred of a minority is not a biologically in-
herent thing, but the result of the bitter eco-
nomic competition for existence in our capi-
talist society, which acts upon majority and
minority alike, and in which the minority is
always the weaker and powerless competitor.
THE ELIMINATION of the stupid, exhausting,
and everlasting competition for existence in
our capitalist society and the evolution of a
society in which an equitable and decent exis-
tence is a heritage of man and not the doubt-
ful prize of bitter human struggle is the only
permanent solution to the minority problem.
So long as men must compete with each other
for the right to an existence, so long will there
be persecuted and suffering minorities, be they
of race, religion, color, or class; for minorities
are the weaker and powerless competitor.
Of ALL Things!. .
.....y MortyQ . . .
OH, FOR THE TIME in the not-so-long-ago
when a man's best friend was his dog, a
woman's place was in the home, when two
wrongs didn't make a right, and when a bowl
was simply a kitchen utensil to be used, in
collaboration with a spoon and a mouth, to con-
vey soup from the stove to the digestive tract.
At this time of the year, every chamber of com-
merce in the nation casts a searching glance
around the countryside surrounding their par-
ticular vale-where the sun always shines, a
perfect spot for your new factory, ideal loca-
tion for anything, etc.-in an effort to spot a
playing field with a spectator stand where a
post-season game could be held.
And, of course, for some unknown reason, they
must call this game a "Bowl" game. So we
have the Rose Bowl and the Orange Bowl and
the Cotton Bowl and the Sugar Bowl and the
Sun Bowl and a slew of other kinds of bowls.
The latest suggestion for an additiqn tp this bowl
family, coming from Portland, Ore., is by far
the funniest of the bunch. It is a Brain Bowl
idea, proposing a game between Chicago-some-
times referred to as The Hapless-and little
Reed College of Portland, a cultural center that
has deemphasized the grid game to the point of
allotting only $100 for the football budget.
THIS WEEK'S Time magazine carries an
amusing story of the history of the Brain
Bowl movement. It seems that when a gentle-
man by the name of Dexter Merriam Keezer
took over the President's office at Reed five
years back, he thought the best way to start
his administrative career there was to pop off
with a joke. You know how some of these edu-
cators are: the one's who grouch into a class-
room with a puss hanging around the region of
the knees and then crackle some grotesque epi-
sode that couldn't even get a smile from a
ticklish laughing hyena. Well, anyhow, Dexter
came through with what he thought would be
a hilarious little bit: he said the best possible
thing he could do for Reed was hire a good foot-
ball team and enlist a bunch of extra faculty
men to keep the grid boys scholastically happ.
An action of this sort, of course, isn't par-
ticularly amazing to those who have observed
the antics of some of our major colleges in try-
ing to develop winning elevens. But to the
good scholars of Reed, it was revolutionary, and
to the cultured alumni it was not a little bit
funny-especially when, a few days after Dex-
ter had his little joke, scores of big bruisers came
bouncing into town waving press clippings, and
mousey little guys accompanied them with
"pee-kool-yar" brief-cases, clamoring for the
jobs as football players and faculty men re-
spectively.
SO DEX told them he was only kidding and
that Reed had no use for football. So the
bruisers and the brains departed and Dex settled
down to the business of teaching Reed's 546
students the intracices of living happily in a
cozy ivory tower. Everything went quite well
for a time: that is, everything went well on the
academic front. But on the athletic side, there
was some difficulty. The handful of muscular
academicians who thought they might delve into
the philosophy of football didn't have enough
equipment and were getting hurt. So Dex de-
cided to appropriate $300 more for shoulder pads
and guards.
But it seems that a couple of ex-football men
on the faculty thought that Dex was at last
recognizing the importance of the game in thr
educational set-up and decided the least they
could do was offer to coach the boys and per-
haps arrange a couple of games. They worked
with the boys and taught them a few funda-
mentals. They evolved a real hipper-dipper
offense, with the quarterback calling the signals
in Latin and the guards assigned to engage
In view of the new develop-
ments in the north of Europe, the
editors are deferring until a later
date their promised analysis of
the war in Europe.
Free Speech I n
A War Nation
(From the McGill Daily, Toronto, Canada)
SINCE the start of hostilities, there4
has been marked interest shown
in the methods employed to desem-
inate war news. Likewise consider-
able attention has been paid to the1
degree of restriction placed upon
the expression of individual opinion
on these topics.
With this in mind it is opportune
to consider what is meant by "the
right to freedom of speech" espec-
ially under war-time conditions.
We may grant at the outset man's
right to freedom of speech. However,
the word "freedom," as used here,
must be defined. It is obvious then,
that freedom of speech means free-
dom to speak the truth-asone sees
it.-It does not give anyone the
right to lie, even when the laws of
the land don't forbid it. Again the
right to freedom of speech is limit-
ed to the known rights of others,
either individuals or the state. Thus
we have laws against libel, perjury
and sedition.
In short it must be realized that
this freedom of the written or spoken
word can and must be of a restricted
nature.
Hence the government, in time of
war, has a perfect right to censor
the utterances of its citizens, if the
safety of the nation is at stake. It
must be remembered, however, that
such censorship must be guided care-
fully. The restriction of public ut-
terances. in a democracy, is a serious
step to take. Hence in blunt words,
no government has the right, under
the pretext of war, to impose a cen-
sorship any stricter than is abso-
lutely necessary for the preserva-
tion of national security.
ANY sound system of ethics recog-'
nizes that the existence of a right
calls into being a corresponding
duty. Hence once the citizens of a
country lay claim to the moral right
to speak freely, they shoulder the
burden,, the duty, the responsibility
of using and not abusing this liberty.
Since wartime conditions exist, and
since definite censorship under the
War-Measures Act, is at present im-
posed on the country, the above men-
tioned duty falls upon two classes
of people. Those whose utterances
might conflict with the censorship
laws, have the duty of remaining
silent. A far graver responsibility,
however, is shared by those states-
men and journalists whose opinions
may be freely expressed. This class
of people, who are our 'sources of
information at the present time, have
the solemn duty to print or speak
the undistorted truth. Under this
heading comes the question of war
propaganda. It is obvious that our
press and our politicians must pre-
sent facts concerning the war in a
cool, logical manner. They take up-
on their consciences a great responsi-
bility, if they attempt to stampede
the public along a certain course of
action by calculatingly appealing to
hatred, or other emotions. The de-
cisions that a citizen must make re-
garding the war are of paramount
importance, both to himself and to
the state. Surely they must be ren-
dered after a cool summation of
the facts and must not flow from
blind hysteria.
To add to the responsibility that
lies upon our newspapers and our
governing bodies, one of the funda-
mental tenets of our democratic way
of life is at present totally under
their control. We refer to that spirit
of tolerance for the other person's
opinion. Without this the democ-
racy for which the nation is strug-
gling is a sham, purely and simply.
THEREFORE, considering the facts
as they apply to Canada our
press has no right to attack under
the guise of patriotism, that class
whose ideas concerning war differ
from those of the group in power.
This class of people, under the pres-
ent laws, cannot defend themselves
from verbal attack. We are not
condemning this condition, but we
are contending that their rights, as
defined, must be respected.
There is no logical contention
against a necessary limitation of
free speech in time of war, but there
is a strong objection to unjust ad-
vantages taken from this limitation.
Clever Propaganda
The Ohio Lantern reports receipt
by the university of a letter appar-
ently by a British tommy, requesting
a souvenir program of an Ohio State
football game. The note's author
explained he is an ardent follower
of the Buckeye's football fortunes.
He adds, parenthetically but in great
detail, that he might be in France
at the front when the program
reaches England. But thanks any-
way, old chaps.
It's quite a touching note. Or
would be-if it weren't that the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin and Northwes-
tern have also received similar let-
ters.
-Daily Illini
NoticesI
President and Mrs. Ruthven will bet
at home to members of the facultyr
and other townspeople this after-~
noon from 4 o 6 o'clock.
Student Tea: President and Mrs.
Ruthven will be at home to students
Wednesday afternoon from 4 to 61
o'clock.
To All Faculty and Staff Members:
Those who have not yet signed up forl
group hospitalization under the plan
of the Michigan Society for Group
Hospitalization may do so between
now and the close of business ont
Tuesday, Dec. 5. Thereafter there,
will be a 60-day waiting period so,
that anyone who wishes to enter the
plan will not be allowed to do so until
Feb. 5, 1940. Enrollment cards and.
information may be obtained either
at the respective Deans' Offices or
the Business Office.
Shirley W. Smith.
Notice to all Members of the Uni-
versity: The following is an extract
of a by-law of the Regents (Chapter
II-B, Sections 8 and 9) which has
been in effect since September, 1926:
"It will hereafter be regarded as
contrary to University policy for any-
one to have in his or her possession
any key to University buildings or
parts of buildings if such key is not
stamped as provided (i.e. by the
Buildings and Grounds Department).
If such unauthorized keys are
found the case shall be referred to
the Dean or other proper head of the
University division involved for his
action in accordance with this prin-
ciple. Any watchman or other proper
representative of the Buildings and
Grounds Department, or any Dean,
department head or other proper
University official shall have the
right to inspect keys believed to open
University 'buildings, at any reason-
able time or place.
"-For any individual to order,
have made, or permit to be ordered
or made, any duplicate of his or her
University key, through unauthorized
channels, must be regarded as a spe-
cial and willful disregard of the safe-
ty of University property."
These regulations are called to the
attention of all concerned, for their
information and guidance. Any per-
son having any key or keys to Univer-
sity buildings, doors, or other locks,
contrary to the provisions recited
above, should promptly surrender the
same to the Key Clerk at the-office
of the Department of Buildings and
Grounds.
SHIRLEY W. SMITH
Any member of the University staff
who may have purchased 1940 license
plates, may, if eligible to receive park-
ing permits, obtain them at the In-
formation Desk in the Business Of-
fice. The University Council's Com-
mittee on Parking urgently requests
that the plates be attached as soon
as possible and that both plates be
used, front and rear.
Herbert G. Watkins,
AssistantGSecretary.
Faculty, College of Engineering:
There will be a meeting cf she Facul-
ty on Monday, Dec. 4, at 4:15 p.m.
in Room 348, West Engineering Bldg.
Agenda: Recommendations from the
Standing Committee (a) Naval
ROTC. (b) Limitation of Provisional
Admission; Evaluation of Faculty
Services; general business.
To The Members of the Faculty of
the College of Literature, Science,
and the Arts: The third regular
meeting of the Faculty of the Col-
lege of Literature, Science, and the
Arts for the academic session of
1939-1940 will be held in Room 1025
Angell Hall, Dec. 4, at 4:10 p.m.
The reports of the several com-
mittees, instead of being read orally
at the meeting, have been prepared
in advance and are included with
this call to the meeting. They should
be retained in your files as part of
the minutes of the December meet-
ing.
Edward H. Kraus.
Agenda-
1. Consideration of the minutes of
the meeting of Nov. 6, 1939 which
have been distributed by campus
mail.
2. Consideration of the reports sub-
mitted with this call to the meet-
ing:
a. Executive Committee, prepared
by Professor W. G. Rice.
b. Executive Board of the Gradu-
ate School, prepared by Professor A.
E. R. Boak.
c. During the past month there
has been no meeting of the Univer-
sity Council, Senate Admisory Com-
mittee on University Affairs, nor
Deans' Conference.
3. European Books and Periodicals
-Dr. W. W. Bishop.
4. Freshman Tests of Scholastic
Aptitud--Professor P. S. Dwyer,
5. New business.
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
SUNDAY, DEC. 3, 1939
VOL. L. No. 60
ed. If the meeting is open to others
than members, this may be stated.
Notices should be presented to the
Editor of the Bulletin in this form.
Users of the Bulletin are reminded
that the Bulletin is intended only for
notices in the strict meaning of that
term, and that neither news nor ad-
vertising matter can be included in
the column.
Student Loan Committee meeting
in Room 2, University Hall, at 2 p.m.,
Tuesday, Dec. 5. All applications to
be considered fpr the meeting must be
filed in Room 2 before Monday noon,
Dec. 4, and appointments made with
the Committee.
Seniors: College of L.S. and A.,
School of Education, School of For-
estry and Conservation, and School
of Music:
Tentative list of seniors have been
posted on the bulletin board in Room
4, U. Hall. If your name does not ap-
pear, or, if included there, it is not
correctly spelled, please notify the
counter clerk.
The New York State EpiAloyment
Service has asked us for applicants
or counselors, nurses, physicians, and
ietitians, for the summer of 1940.
here will be a meeting for all those
nterested at 12:45 p.m. Monday, Dec.
at 205 Mason Hall. Dr. Purdom
ill discuss the qualifications re-
quired. There are three definite spe-
ifications for camp counselors: 21
ears of age or over, at least 2 years
f college training, and at least one
eason of successful work as a camp
counselor.
The University Bureau of Appoint-
ments and Occupational Informa-
tion.
1940 Mechanical Engineers and
Graduates: Monday, Dec. 4, is the
deadline for turning in your 4x6
glossy print.
1940 Mechanical Engineers and
Graduates: Mr. F. L. Pierce of the
American Machine and Foundry Co.,
Brooklyn, N.Y., will outline the op-
portunities with this company at 7
o'clock, Wednesday evening, Dec. 6,
in Room 348 West Engineering, after
which appointments will be given for
interviews on the following day.
Choral Union Members in good
standing will be issued tickets for the
Jussi Bjoerling concert Monday, Dec.
4, between the hours of 9 and 12,
and 1 and 4, at the office of the
School of Music on Maynard Street.
Members are required to call in per-
son, and are reminded that no tickets
will be given out after 4 o'clock.
Commander A. D. Brown, USN, will
lecture on "The Navy Afloat" at the
third U.S. Naval Reserve Lecture to
be held Tuesday, Dec. 5, in Room 336
West Engineering Building at 4 p.m.
Concerts
Choral Union Concert: Jussi Boer-
ling, Swedish tenor with Harry Ebert,
accompanist, will give the fifth pro-
gram in the Choral Union Concert
Series, Monday, Dec. 4, at 8:30 p.m.,
in Hill Auditorium.
StudentuRecital: Students of Wil-
liam H. Stubbins, instructor in wood-
wind instruments in the School of
Music, will appear in recital Tues-
day evening, Dec. 5, at 8:15 o'clock,
in the School of Music Auditorium
on Maynard St. The general public
is invited.
Exhibitions
Paintings by William Gropper and
prints by the Associated American
Artists shown insWest Gallery, Al-
umni Memorial Hall, daily, 2-5, until
Dec. 15. Auspices of Ann Arbor Art
Association.
Exhibitions, College of Architecture
and Design: Student work of member
colleges of the Association of Colle-
giate Schools of Architecture. Dec. 1
to 9.
Photographs of tools, processes,
and products representative of the
Department of Industrial Design at
Pratt Institute. Dec. 1 through 14.
Open daily, except Sunday, 9 to 5,
in Third Floor Exhibition Room,
Architectural Building. Open to the
public.
The Ann Arbor Camera Clubs
Third Annual Exhibit of photog-
raphy is being held in the Exhibit
Galleries on the Mezzanine floor of
the Rackham Building. Open daily,
except Sunday, from 2 to 10 p.m. un-
til Dec., 9.
Ledures
University Lecture: Frank A.
Waugh, Professor Emerius of Hor-
ticulture and Landscape Gardening
of Massachusetts State College, will
lecture on "Humanity Out of Doors,"
under the auspices of the School of
Forestry, at 4:15 p.m. on Thursday,
Dec. 7, in the Rackham Amphithe-
atre. The public is cordially invited.
University Lecture: Dr. Martin P.
Nilsson, Professor of Classical Ar-
nhnn-rrr oA nno f. i -, ,va