DAILY
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Edited and managed by students of the University of-
Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of
Student Publications.
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reserved.
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Business Manager
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Women's Business'
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Publications Manag
Editorial Staff
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. . . Editorial Director
. . . . . . City Editor
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S. Associate Editor
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Business Staff
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., Credit Manager Ganson P. Taggart
Manager . Zenovia Skoratko
ng Manager . j. Jane Mowers
ger . . . . Harriet S. Levy
NIGHT EDITOR: KARL KESSLER
The editorials published in The Michigan
Daily are written by members, of The Daily
staff and represent the views of the writers
only.
Reciprocal Trade
Contributes To Exports ...
MORE DEAR even than the presiden-
tial nomination to Secretary. of
State Hull is his reciprocal trade agreement
'program. Having successfully endured the first
Senate third degree, the program again makes
its bid for extended existence. Both opposition
and supporters haul up their verbal artillery for
a vigorous mutual barrage.
Secretary Hull backs his position with the
factual record of the trade agreement plan
since its inception in 1934. Declaring that the
purpose of the agreements was to expand United
States exports through the reduction of trade
barriers in other countries, he insists that his
system has brought favorable results. Agree-
ments have been made with countries repre-
senting 60% of United States foreign trade,
and important markets have been developed
for both agricultural and industrial producers.
Secretary Hull firmly believes that nations
cannot sell without buying, and bases the
success of his program upon the growth of
exportation.
COMPARISON of exports during 1934-1935 and
1937-1938 shows an increase of 46%. Ex-
ports to trade-agreements nations increased 61%
in comparison to a 38% increase to non-agree-
ment countries. Recently the editor of the
"American Exporter" observed that during the
first five months of the current European war
United States exports have increased 400 mil-
lion dollars in contrast to a 200 million dollar
decrease in the same period of the World War.
He further noted that exports are at present
the largest in 10 years and only 20% less than
in the peak year 1929. Although the improved
organization of United States exporting must
be recognized, the contribution of the trade
agreements to this export development cannot
be discounted.
Among the most vehement accusations against
the agreements is that they destroy the profit
of the farmer by encouraging world competition.
Reduction of prices due to the influx of Cana-
dian beef cattle and Argentine casein (a kind
of cheese) are cited as proof of the lowering
of farm purchasing power. The trade agree-
ments are denounced as puerile attempts to
bolster foreign trade at the expense of domes-
tic economy.
In reply to this argument, Secretary Hull
refers to the decline of farm income from 11
billion dollars to four and a half billion dollars
in 1932 after two and a half years of the re-
strictive Smoot-Hawley tariff. After five years
of the agreements program, the income had
mounted to seven and a half billion dollars
and is still rising. The supposedly ruined cattle
industry climbed from 600 million dollars in
1932 to over a billion dollars in 1938, and the
dairy industry showed a similar rise.
SECRETARY HULL describes the method of
his program: "An inter-departmental or-
ganization, consisting of experienced and well-
informed practical experts of the departments
of State, Agriculture, Treasury and Commerce
and of the Tariff Commission, handles the prep-
aration and negotiation of the trade agree-
ments. All interested parties are given ample
opportunity to present heir views, orally or
in writ ng, with respect to every phase of the
program. No decision is reached on any par-
ticular customs duty without an extended and
profound study of all pertinent data, both
those assembled by the interdepartmental or-
ganization itself and those presented to the
that aWp hases of the treaty -making power
receive the direct approbation of the Senate.
They insist that the centering of treaty making
responsibility and administration in the hands
of the Presdent is unconstitutional. Whether
the program is actually constitutional remains
for the Supreme Court to decide, however; and
at present- Hull's opponents consider the or-
ganization of the Court hardly conducive to
a trial case.
- Emile Gele
Between The
'Cans' And 'Cannots' .
A VORY HANDY service for busi-
nesses is offered frequently in the
pages of the United States News. The service
is entitled "News-Lines" and tells "What you
as a businessman CAN and CANNOT do as a
result of federal court and administrative de-
cisions."
For instance, "YOU CANNOT advertise that
the prices you usually charge for your goods
are 'special' or 'introductory' prices without
risking action by the Federal Trade Commission.
the FTC recently ordered a quilt dealer to
stop advertising his normal prices as special
discounts."
LITTLE can be said against the idea. With
a host of boards and quasi-administrative
commissions throwing off decisions like Saroyan
throwing off fiction, businessmen are entitled
to some means by which they can determine
their legal status.
But the CAN and CANNOT have unwelcome
connotations. They remind one of the tiny,
two-by-four cubby-holes in New Jersey and
Delaware that bear the names of billion-dollar
firms. By means of such little facades, these
firms are able to stay within the "letter of the
law." They are just barely able to leave the
CANNOT and get across the border among the
CAN class.
There is a vast amount of this living just
within the law. Firms have legal staffs to tell
them how near the lawless precipice they can
skirt. For instance, several years ago a Detroit
auto manufacturing company began doing busi-
ness with a parts firm. As time passed, the
auto company absorbed more and more of the
smaller firm's output until the latter was geared
only to produce parts needed by this particular
manufacturer. Then the officials of the parent
firm began to lower their bids. The small firm
had to sell to that market or no other, and so
had to submit and to continue to submit until
it was selling for les than cost.aFinally it
went bankrupt and was absorbed as a unit-
no longer independent-into the larger enter-
prise. And all was within the law.
THE RESULT of this and other similar high-
pressure tricks brought about a law-the
Robinson-Patman Act of 1936, which made it
illegal to give discounts greater than actual
savings through quantity purchases.
It is the definition of this shadowy borderline
between the CAN and CANNOT 'that must, of
course, occupy much of the efforts of the law-
makers. But it is the actions of firms and in-
dividuals who seek some advantage from that
borderland that is socially wrong, though not
yet legally prohibited, that have brought about
our countless volumes of statutes which seek
to cover every contingency. It is these persons,
either cOrporations or individuals, who scurry
just beyond the reach of advancing legislation
that have caused law-making to become an
almost futile task.
- Hervie Haufler
The FBI.
HE DISCHARGE a short while ago,
after tremendous public pressure
was exerted, of the one woman and 11 men
arrested in the Detroit FBI raids on charges
of recruiting men for Loyalist Spain, doesn't
close that much publicized case. Developments
of last week which brought charges against
the FBI of violating the civil rights of citizens
may mark the beginning of a congressional
investigation into the affairs and methods of
government detective agencies.
In. a report written by Chairman Burton K.
Wheeler (Dem.-Mont.) of the Senate Committee
on Interstate Commerce, the activities of the
G-men were condemned and the Senate was
urged to approve a resolution by Senator Theo-
dore F. Greene (Dem.-R. I.) calling for an in-
quiry into the question of, "unlawfNa espionage
by public as well as private agencies."
SENATOR GEORGE W. NORRIS (Prog.-Neb.)
criticized the activities of the FBI, in connection
with the recent arrest of the Detroit citizens,
in his letter to Attorney-General Robert H.
Jackson, urging that, "the case should not be
closed until the G-men have been brought to
account for high-handed and illegal treatment
of the prisoners." In expressing a desire to re-
open the case and bring out all the facts, Sen-
ator Norris maintained this was the only way
to thus adopt policies to safeguard the civil
liberties of citizens.
Conceding that the FBI has in the past ac-
complished many worth while jobs, it does not
necessarily follow that because a human being
has done a righteous and honorable thing, he
should therefore have license to disregard the
very law he is, supposed to enforce. Until the
citizen realizes that law is going to be enforced
by humane, honest, legitimate and constitutional
methods, law and order will never be maintained.
N NONE of the above mentioned respects was
the law carried out in the Detroit raid cases.
From the time the suspects were arrested in
the middle of the night until 3 p.m. that after-
noon when they were taken into court, they
were subjected to the third degree. The Detroit
citizens, unaware that they were being arrested,
thought from the forcible and destructive man-
ner of entrance into their homes that they
Wages-Hours Act
On The Defensive
i i
AMERICA'S LABORERS are the cen-
ter attraction at the current session
of Congress. Reactionaries have lavished their
attentions on their problems, bringing forth
numerous investigations and bills designed for
"the ultimate interests of labor."
The latest testament of "felicity," the Barden
bill proposed by the notorious Associated Far-
mers of California, is now pending in the House.
If adopted it will break down the standards
of the existing Wages-Hours Act for many peo-
ple. The Wages-Hours Act, though its provi-
sions are pitifully weak, puts a floor under wages
and a ceiling over hours for millions of Amer-
ican workers whom reactionary employers would
prefer to see entirely defenseless.
The Barden bill applies primarily to agri-
cultural workers and under it 1,000,000 workers
would lose wage guarantees and 1,500000 more
would lose hour provisions. However, because
the proposal is so loosely drawn, millions of
other workers in related agricultural processing
and distributing industries might be deprived
of the benefits of the Wages-Hours Act.
The Barden bill is a part of the campaign to
cripple labor. If adopted it would leave millions
of American workersedefenseless. This vicious
bill should never leave the House,
-Robert Speckhard
Is Student
Government Possible? . . .
TUDENT GOVERNMENT is a pleas-
ing phrase-to the ear. But is it pos-
sible on the Michigan campus? Many students
and faculty men think so, but all differ in their
interpretation of just what constitutes effective
and necessary government. By far, most of the
differences in opinion are reconciled in a sort
of plan whereby the governmental set-up is
classified and separated into units dealing with
the separate phases of student life on campus-
sorority, fraternity, independent and so forth.
Sweeping government, of, by and for the
students is not practicable, obviously. The only
school which even attempts such broad student
control is Antioch College, and that is a much
smaller school and, moreover, self-supporting.
We at Michigan not only have to consider the
number of colleges we have, but the fact that
we are attending a state university, dependent
in part on funds appropriated by the state legis-
lature.
THE TYPE of government which fits our cam-
pus is one which deals with the following
three categories-expression of student opinion,
student planning and control of their own ac-
tivities, and student participation in the various
University boards and committees. These three
phases are ably fulfilled by the Student Senate
for the first, the League, Union and other or-
ganizations for the second, and the representa-
tion we have on the Boards in Control of Pub-
lications and Athletics and' on the Student Af-
fairs Committee for the last.
At first glance, the set-up seems ample.
But there is this to consider-how democratic
and how effective is the organization?, Do the
members of the committees, organizations,
Boards, know what the student wants? Afte
all, they are all appointed except .the represen-
tatives to the Boards. More vital, the members
are not fully in touch with the student body
as a whole. For example, the Senate may well
express student opinion, but does that make
for any bond between the students and the
representatives say, on the Board in Control
of Athletics? Last year, the Senate, acting as
representative of student opinion, passed a reso\
lution calling for open and above board sub-
sidization of athletes, if any subsidization was
practiced.
But the only channel for transmitting this
resolve to the student members of the Board
on Athletics was through The Daily or through
mere hearsay. And that is neither efficient
nor effective. Furthermore, of the many func-
tional groups on campus, there is little coopera-
tion except on specific activities, between the
Union or League or the IFC or any of the other
social groups. These organizations are not aware
of student desires except insofar as they come
into personal contact with small portions of
the student body.
IT IS very well to have students on the Uni-
versity Boards and Committees, but how
can the students be assured that their views
will predominate, when there is no way of
transmitting student opinion to these repre-
sentatives?
In short, the existing set-up is capable of
handling all student activities, but there should
be some sort of superstructure organization
which could coordinate the other groups. This
is practical and would bring about the results
that the students are asking for.
- William B. Elmer
Speaking Of Taxidermy
We liked the way Harvard University's anthro-
pologist, Dr. Ernest M. Hooton, described his
own "blueprint for Utopia," as the Associated
Collegiate Press writer calls it.
We think you'll like it too.
"The chaos of modern civilization," writes
Dr. Hooton, "can scarcely be attributed to acts
of God. The structure of human society is not
rotten but sound. It is the defective utilization
of human culture that lies at the bottom of
our present trouble.
-- Daily Iowan
Although there have been cases where private
agencies are known to be active in industrial
and even political "espionage," the bulk of cases
involve the detective practices by officers of the
government, the report continued.
FREEDOM OF SPEECH, civil, humane treat-
ment, the right to counsel, and protection
from the levying of excess fines are only a few
ALL
By M~orty-Q.
THIS IS a lazy man's column. Not
too .lazy, mind you, but just
enough so that after staring at the
keys on this machine for a while,
relegating five or six wrong starts
to the waste-baskets, Mr. Q. decided
to take advantage of several con-
tributions. But just one thing: About
this contest Gulliver was running
to find out what the Q. in Morty Q.
stands for: Gulliver has called it
off because he found out that the
Q. was a modest abbreviation of
Qute.
FROM The California Bruin, the
U.C.L.A. student paper Mr. Q. pre-
sents a short note on Bertrand Rus-
sell. It's quite funny that with all this
fuss about the horribleand immoral
effect that Lord Russell would have
on the innocent New York City Col-
lege people, no one thought to find
out just how perverted his present
students in California are. Here's
an answer:
The spontaneous applause with
which his class greeted Bertrand
Russell upon his return to the cam-
pus yesterday is the best answer we
know to the vicious attacks that
have been made upon him during
the last week by the Hearst press
and certain groups and individuals
equally unqualified to judge him.
The genuine affection which Pro-
fessor Russell's students feel for him
is a rare thing, particularly the high
degree of affection. The manner in
which they greeted him yesterday
was not only a demonstration of
their resentment of the unjust at-
tacks which have been directed
against him, but an expression of
their pleasure in having a great
teacher and a friend with them again.
* , ,*
FROM Bill (Hairless Joe) El-
mer on the junior staff,
comes the following contribution.
Bill says that if Hervie Haufler
can write about corn likker for
Gulliver, well .., here's what he
has to say on education:
When Dr. Robert M. Hutchins said
that modern higher education should
be based on the traditions of the
past, fearing that the schools of to-
day were too much obsessed with
the idea of practical training, he
once more had to shout down from
the fifth floor of his ivory tower.
An educational institution which
lives in the past and is so handi-
capped by precedents and tradi-
tions that it cannot meet, or even
anticipate, changes in the social or-
der, is a dead institution to be
quietly buried with other failures
of the human species.
Not only is the modern college
endeavoring to meet the new order
of things, as witnessedrby the greater
number of students from the lower
income group families, but it is also'
trying to give these youths an oppor-
tunity for training so that they
might be able to realize on their in-
vestment.
Chicago is undoubtedly progres-
sive. Their new systems of teach-
ing, with attendance not compulsory
at classes, and their stressing of
,lassical literature and learning,
have certainly filled a great gap in
modern education. But to say that
America is retrogressing merely be-
cause more and more students are
learning to make capital of their
education, is contrariwise to fact.
First of all, colleges and univer-
sities, having invaded the field of
practical education, must not rest
on their laurels, much less turn back
to the old liberal curricula of past
years. The needs and interests of
the citizens of the nation must be
met, and that they are interested
in practical education is proved by
the large percentage of students en-
tered in the training courses.
By no means should the sole busi-
ness of the university be the teach-
ing of the ways and means of life.
The citizens of the United States
believe that higher education is a
method of equalizing opportunity and
raising the average level of citizen-
ship, as an agency for building
character and of providing leader-
ship in a democracy, and as a means
of promoting the general welfare
by increasing knowledge and bring-
ing it to those who are engaged in
the practical application of what is
known as the process of living.
The argument against Dr. Hut-
chins is not that the university or
college should be a commercial lab-
oratory, a welfare agency or a trade
school. No, to the contrary, what
is expected of them, is a realistic
attitude toward learning, partly ex-
pressed in well-considered attempts
to spread the principles of discrim-
inative thinking and new as well as
old knowledge beyond the adolescent
period and beyond the circle of
scholars and teachers, to all thbse
who might make use of it in their
work or in their cultural growth.
Universities should not only be
schools for the dissemination of cul-.
ture and the necessry implementa-
tions of traditions a d classical in-
terpretation, but they must also be
Ah..,t..cnA fto rixr n a,., Ni.C.hIAi d i
«.- ...
.....,_.. .......r .. .. ...
. r
(Continued from Page 2)
Science, and the Arts: After tomor-
row, April 6, freshmen may not
drop courses without E grade.
E. A. Walter. Assistant Dean
Faculty, College of Literature, Sci-
ence, and the Arts: Midsemester re-
ports are due tomorrow, April 6.
E. A. Walter, Assistant Dean.
School of Education Freshmen:
Courses dropped after Saturday,
April 6. will be recorded with the
grade of E except under extraordin-
ary circumstances. No course is con-
sidered officially dropped unless it
has been reported in the office of the
Registrar, Room 4, University Hall.
College of Architecture June Seni-
ors should fill in grade request cards
at Room 4. U. Hall BEFORE SPRING
VACATION. Those failing to file
these cards will assume all responsi-
bility for late grades which may pro-
hibit graduation.
School of Education June Seniors
should fill in grade request cards at
Room 4, U. Hall BEFORE SPRING
VACATION. Those failing to file
these cards will assume all responsi-
bility for late grades which may pro-
hibit graduation.
School of Forestry June Seniors
should fill in grade request cards at
Room 4, U. Hall BEFORE SPRING
VACATION. Those failing to file
these cards will assume all responsi-
bility for late grades which may pro-
hibit graduation.
School of Music June
DAILY OFFICIAL BUL
I
Pu
Seniors
should fill in grade request cards at
Room 4, U. Hall BEFORE SPRING
VACATION. Those failing to file
these cards will assume all responsi-
bility for late grades which may pro-
hibit graduation.
Robert L. Williams,
Assistant Registrar
College of Architecture, School of
Education, School of Forestry and
Conservation, and School of Mlusi:
Midsemester reports indicating stu-
dents enrolled in these units doing
unsatisfactory work in any unit of
the University are due in the office of
the school, Saturday, April 6, at
noon. Report blanks for this purpose
may be secured from the office of the
school or from Room 4 U. Hall.
Robert L. Williams
Assistant Registrar
The Automobile Regulation will be
lifted for the Spring Vacation period
from this noon, until 8 a.m. on Mon-
day, April 15.
Office of the Dean of Students
First Mortgage Loans: The Uni-
versity has a limited amount of funds
to loan on modern well-located Ann
Arbor residential property. Interest
at current rates. F.H.A. terms avail-
able. Apply Investment Office, Room
100, South Wing, University Hall.
To the Householders: Many of the
students will remain in Ann Arbor
over the Spring Vacation. If you
need student help for your spring
housecleaning, yard or garden work,
call Miss Elizabeth A. Smith, Uni-
versity 4121, Ext. 2121, Student Em-
ployment Bureau. The student rate
of pay is 40 cents an hour.
J. A. Bursley, Dean of Students
Library Hours, April 6-13: During
the Spring Recess, the General Li-
brary will be open as usual from
7:45 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. daily, with
the following exceptions: the two
study halls in the building will be
open from 10:00-12:00 a.m. and 2:00-
4:00 p.m. daily, and the Graduate
Reading Rooms from 9:00-12:00 a.m.
and 1:00-5:00 p.m. daily.
The hours of opening of the De-
partmental Libraries will also be
10:00-12:00 a.m. and 2:00-4:00 p.m.
Sunday service will be discontinued
during this period.
Win. W. Bishop, Librarian.
Biological Station: Application for
admission for the coming summer
session should be in my office before
April 15, when all applications will
be considered. An Announcement
describing the courses offered can be
obtained at the Office of the Summer
Session or from the Director. Ap-
plications should be made on forms
which can be secured at Room 1073
N.S. from 2 to 4 p.m., daily.
A. H. Stockard, Director
Military Ball Banquet tickets are
on sale now to the entire advance
corps. They may be paid for out of
the April commutation checks. Be-
cause of the limited number being
sold, those wishing to attend the ban-
quet should make arrangements im-
mediately with Mrs. Kinney at ROTC
headquarters.
Copies of the lectures on "The Exis-
tence and Nature of Religion" are
available at the office of the Student
Religious Association, Lane Hall,
without charge.
fTr
April 17, 2-5 p.m.. American Litera-
ture.
April 20, 9-12 a.m., English Litera-
ture, 1700-1900.
April 24, 2-5 p.m., English Litera-
ture, 1550-1700.
April 27, 9-12 a.m., English Litera-
ture, Beginnings to 1550.
Those expecting to take the exam-
inations should leave their names
with N. E. Nelson, 3232 A.H.
Exhibitions
Exhibition, College of Architecture
and Design: Photographs of Finnish
architecture, by Ernst L. Schaible,
'37A, Booth Traveling Fellow in Arch-
itecture in 1938. Architectural cor-
ridor, ground floor cases, through
April 5. Open daily 9 to 5, except
Sunday. The public is invited.
Lectures
University Lecture: Dr. Miles D.
Pirnie, Director of the W. K. Kellogg
Bird Sanctuary at Battle Creek,
Michigan, will lecture on "Birds of
Sanctuary and Wilderness" under the
auspices of the Department of Geog-
raphy at 4:15 p.m. on Thursday,
April 18, in the Amphitheatre of
thel Rackham Building. The public
is cordially invited.
University Lecture: Professor Doug-
las Johnson, of Columbia University,
will lecture on "Geology and the Stra-
tegy of the Present War" under the
auspices of the Department of Ge-
ology at 4:15 p.m. on Thursday, April
25, in the Rackham Lecture Hall.
The public is cordially invited.
Carnegie Lectures: Dr. Carlos Del-
gado de Carvalho, Professor of Soci-
ology in the Colegio Pedro II and Pro-
fessor of the Geography of Brazil in
the University of Brazil, the Visiting
Carnegie Professor, will be in resi-
dence at the University of Michigan
from April 15 to May 10.
The following series of lectures has
been arranged under the auspices of
the Division of the Social Sciences
G"Glimpses of the Human Geography
of Brazil" on Tuesday, April 16, 4:15
p.m., Rackham Amphitheatre.
"An Outline of the Economic His-
tpry of Brazil" on Friday, April 19,
4:15 p.m., Rackham Amphitheatre.
"Problems y of Race Mixture and
White Acclimatization in Brazil" on
Tuesday, April 23, 4:15 p.m., Rack-
ham Amphitheatre.
"Present Trends in Brazilian Edu-
cation" on Thursday, April 25, 4:15
p.m., Rackham Amphitheatre.
"The Immigration Problem in Bra-
zil" (Annual Phi Kappa Phi Lecture)
on Tuesday, April 30, 8.63'p.m., Mich-
igan Union, Large Ballroom.
"The New Brazilian State" on Mon-
day, May 6, 4:15 p.m., Rackham
Amphitheatre.
All of the above lectures areopen
to the public.
The annual William J. Mayo Lee-
ture will be given by Dr. Winchell
MK. Craig on Monday, April 22 at
1:30 p.m. in the main amphitheatre
of the University Hospital.
Dr. Craig's title will be "The Pain
of Intraspinal Lesions in General
Diagnosis."
All classes for the Junior and Senior
medical students will be dismissed
in order that these students may at-
tend this lecture.
Today's Events
Far Eastern Art group leaves for
Cleveland trip from Alumni Hall at
12:00 noon today.
Stalker Hall: Group leaving Stalk-
er Hall tonight at 7:30 to go roller
skating. Small charge. Please
phone 6881 this afternoon if you
plan to go.
Coming Events
Varsity Glee Club: The following
men will go on the Spring Trip. Bus
will leave from the Union at 7:45
a.m. Saturday. Bring full dress suits,
Trial costumes, ribbons. Keep bag-
gage as small as possible.
Whitney, Connor, Gibson, Liima-
tainen, Sorenson, G. Brown, C.
Brown, Haberaecker, Landis, J.
George, Ossewaarde, Loessel, Fromm,
Luxan, Hines, Gell, Mason, Peter-
son, Langford.
Rector, Berger, Penn, MacIntosh,
Heininger, Allen, Tobin, Secrist,
Scherdt, Kelly, Crowe, Tuttle,, Re-
pola, Steere, Erke, Pinney, Barber,
Strickland.
Graduate Outing Club will meet
during the vacation period on both
Sundays, April 7 and 14, in )the rear
of the Rackham Building at 2:30
p.m. All Graduate students and fac-
ulty invited.
Grad ate students and others are
invited to hear the broadcast of the
opera "Faust" given by the Metro-
politan Opera Company on Satur-
day, April 6, at 1:50 p.m. in the
Men's Lounge of the Rackham Build-
ing.
4