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Editorial
Black-Shirt
Anniversary .,.
VOL. XLIX. No. 129
Z-323
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN TUESDAY, MARCH 28, 1939
PRICE FIVE CENTS
I
MOMMIMINNAM
Poland Floats
Huge National
Defense Loan
To StopHitler
Plans To Thwart German
Ambitions In Danzig
And Polish Corridor
Berlin Denies Report
Of Official Demands
WARSAW, March 27.-(;P)-Poland
today announced a huge extraordin-
ary national defense loan to "assure
new successes for Polish arms" should
difficulties arise with growing Ger-
many or any of her neighbors.
While the belief increased in War-
saw that Nazi Germany was planning
a new blow in Danzig, where Poland
has sworn to protect her minority
and her martime rights, the issue of
an internal loan of 1,200,000,000
Zloty ($225,600,000) was announced
by President Ignace Moscicki for war-
planes and air defense.
General Stanaslas Skwarczynski,
chief of the National Unity Move-
ment, Poland's only party which has
representatives in parliament, point-
edly recalled the Polish victory over
German knights at Grunwald in 1410
in issuing an appeal for subscriptions
to the loan tonight.
Announcement of the loan came as
it was persistently reported that the
German Fuehrer, Adolf Hitler, had
brought to the attention of the Polish
government a four-point list of de-
mands relating to Danzig and the
Polish Corridor.
Skwarcznski's statement, in the
light of these reports, was interpret-
ed to mean that Poland is ready and
determined to fight if necessary with-
out waiting for Britain and France to
form a "stop Hitler" bloc with iron-
clad guarantees of military assistance.
"Historical events are taking place
near our frontiers," Skwarczynski
said, in an apparent reference to Ger-
man annexation of the territory of
Memel from Lithuania last Thurs-
day, and to the dissolution of Czecho-
Slovakia on Poland's southern fron-
tier.
"We look upon these important
changes quietly because our security
is based on confidence in our power
and strength."
Official circles were silent and
sources close to the government said
the four points in the reported sug-
gestions given Warsaw by Berlin were
based on "speculation and presump-
tion."
"Official spokesmen in Berlin de-
nied insistently that Germany had
any designs on Danzig or Poland or
that any note had been sent to Po-
land."
Peace Strike
Programs Set
ByTwo Groups
Anti-War And All-Campus
Committees Announce
DifferingPlatforms
Two programs for the peace strike
to be held on April 20 were adopted
by the Anti-War Committee and the
All-Campus Peace Committee, at
separate meetings held last night.
A negotiating committee to attempt
to reach an agreement with other
peace groups was created, but a mo-
tion to establish such a committee
for the All-Campus group was de-
feated on the ground that its meet-
ings had been open from the begin-
ning and all persons interested were
free to participate in the formulation
of a program.
The program adopted by the All-
Campus Peace Committee meeting at-
tended by more than 50 people calls=
for the preservation of America's
peace and integrity by the following:
Recognizing that Fascist aggression
is the real war danger today and that
x"appeasement" and isolation mean
selling out to the Fascists; American
leadership in the struggle for world
peace through distinction in our for- f
eign policy and trade relations be-
tween aggressor nations and victims;
the good neighbor program for con-
tinental solidarity; strengthening and
democratizing our armed forces and
forwarding social and economic secur-
ity as part of defense as basic as
armaments themselves.
British Veto Nazi Boycott;
Will Seek Rumanian Trade
'Economic Independence'
Of Rumania Unaltered,
Cabinet Official Says
LONDON, March 27.-(RP)-GreatI
Britain today turned down the idea'
of joining any movement for an ec-'
-onomic boycott of Germany, but
made it clear she intended to go'
after Rumanian trade despite the
new German-Rumanian treaty.
Richard Austen Butler, Parliamen-
tary Under-Secretary for Foreign3
Affairs, told the House of Commons
the Government was not considering
a boycott against Germany either
independently or through the ma-
chinery of the League of Nations
"with American cooperation."
(A State Department official in'
Washington said there had been no
exchange of views between the Unit-
ed States and British Governments
Spring Concert
To Marks 80th
Year For Bhand
Two violins, two flutes, a guitar
and a cello-=such was the extent of
the University Band in 1859. Next
Tuesday 165 musicians will commem-
orate the 80th anniversary of a Band
which has grown to 130 members in,
the annual Spring Concert in Hill
Auditorium.
The instruments used in that first
band now repose in musical collec-
tions, or are limited to use in concert
orchestras,
For a while doubt was voiced as to
the Band's actually originating way
back in '59, but an old sepia photo-
graph, showing the six founding fath-
ers and +their 'antiquated instruments1
now rests on the walls of Morris Hall,
the Band's headquarters.t
But it was not until 1913 that the
Varsity Band gained official recog-
nition and became a part of the Uni-
versity. In 1933 bandleader George
Olsen, '14, credited with originating
the stunt of tossing the drum major's
batonover the goalpost crossbar,
presented the Band with aset of flags
at a football game commemorating1
that event.df
concerning an economic boycott of
Germany).
The possibility of American par-
ticipation in a boycott was raised by
Laborite Morgan Pricewho suggested
that economic penalties be applied
"in view of the friendly reply re-
ceived from the American govern-
ment indicating willingness to co-
operate in economic activities of the
League."
A United States note to the League
Secretariat last Feb. 22 promised
greater collaboration w i t h t h e
League, but concerned only economic
studies and other non-political ac-
tivities.
Prime Minister Chamberlain told
Commons that Rumania had not
"signed away her economic indepen-
dence" in her new treaty with Ger-
many and said Britain still intended
to send a trade mission to Bucharest.
Rumania is eager for the British
mission to be sent, the Prime Min-
ister said, "and that, of course, is
our intention." Referring to the
German-Rumanian trade agreement,
concluded last week, Chamberlain
said Rumania had informed Britain
it was "directed against no third
party."
This was understood to indicate
that British trade with Rumania
would not be threatened.
The most pressing problem before
the Government continued to be the
question of military conscription
which, some sources said, was threat-
ening to split the Cabinet.
McCrea Will Speak
Here On Journalism
Archie McCrea, editor of the Mus-
kegon Chronicle, will talk on "The
Newspaper "and Public Opinion" inI
the sixth in a series of journalism lec-
ture to be given at 3 p.m. tomorrow
in Room E, Haven Hall under the
auspices of the journalism depart-
ment.
McCrea is one of the distinguished
editors of the state, according to
'Prof. John L. Brumm of the journal-
ism department. He has been a mem-
ber of the University Press Club of
Michigan since its inception 20 years
ago.
Report Shows
Student Wives
EarnOwnWay
Business Research Bureau
Survey Indicates Wife
Aids In 44% Of Cases
Median Incomes Are
Found Nearly Equal
By CARL PETERSEN
That the place for student wives
is scarcely in the home was indicated
in figures released by the University
today.
A report recently issued on "The
Housing Status of Married Students
at the University of Michigan," pre-
pared by the Bureau of Business Re-
search under the direction of Prof.
Richard U. Ratcliff of the School of
Business Administration, indicates
that in 44 per cent of the families
surveyed, the wife provides a part
of the income and in two cases out of
272; she is the sole source of income.
Of the 500 married students living
as tenants, 272, or 54 per cent of the
total number reported to the Bu-
reau's questionaire. Bureau statisti-
cians believe this figure constitutes a
statistically dependable sample and
that the results obtained are repre-
sentative of the entire body of mar-
ried students.
The most common type of struc-
ture in which married students live,
according to the report, is the made-
over one-family house, "usually an
old building located within a few
blocks of the campus
In general, the report asserted, the
financial status of married students
is better than was anticipated. Only
4.8 per cent of the families depend
entirely upon a University appoint-
ment for their living. Four per cent
depend on savings alone and 10.4 per
cent depend upon other sources of in-
come, including outside jobs of the
husband and income from invest-
ments. Of husbands on the Univer-
sity pay roll, the average pay is be-
tween $700 and $800. "It is interest-
ing to note," says the report, "that
the median income of wives is ap-
proximately the same as that of hus-
bands on the University payroll." The
wives are engaged in a great variety
of work, the report states-18 dif-
(Continued on Page 2)
Income
Tax
Supreme Court Abolishes
Of Governme
French Concession Might i
Colonial Ambitions Italy's
Only Bond With Reich.;
France Faces Dilemma
By HERVIE HAUFILER
Mussolini's speech Sunday has
forced France to face the problem of
how much she is willing to offer Italy
in order to weaken the Rome-Berlin
axis, Prof. Howard M. Ehrmann of
;he history department declared yes-
terday.
Since the annexation of Austria,
virtually the only strong bond that
keeps Italy's destiny tied up with that
of Germany, Professor Ehrmann
claimed, is the support that Hitler
may give Italy in making colonial
conquests.
Aside from the Spanish war Profes-
sor Ehrmann believes that Italy now
has more in common with France
and Great Britain than " with Ger-
many. Hitler's "Drang Nach Osten"
is impinging on Italian interests, has
extended Germany to the borders of
Italy and may ultimately raise a
question of control of the Adriatic
Sea. The eastward march of the Third
Reich is of no benefit to Italy.
Any concessions that are granted
to Italy, however, must be at the
direct expense of France and Eng-
land. Perhaps Germany's colonial as-
pirations can be met in large degree
by sacrificing Belgian or Portuguese-
overseas possessions, Professor Ehr-
mann said, but Mussolini's immediate
demands are for gain in the French
territories in Africa.
This minimum program for Tunis
would includes a guaranty of protec-
tion of approximately 100,000 Italian
colonists in Tunis against French
assimilation. Under the terms of the
Mussolini-Laval Treaty of 1935, since
declared inoperative, the French
granted that all persons born in Tunis
of Italian parentage until 1965 may
retain Italian nationality, be free to
enter the professions and attend Itali-
an schools. Professor Ehrmann be-
lieves that an indefinite extension of
this right, conflicting with the French
desire of a unified colony, will prob-
(Continued on Page 2)
Ruthven Will Broadcast
To Nation On Tolerance
Tmmunities
nt Workers
re Opes Doors To Taxation
Of 3,800,000 Federal
iSays State And Local Workers
Decision Reverses
Historic Precedent
WASHINGTON, March 27.-(P)-
In a historic 6 to 2 decision, the Su-
preme Court today wiped out the in-
come tax immunity of 3,800,000 per-
sons employed by Federal, State, mu-
nicipal, county and other govern-
ments.
Sharply reversing a trend of de-
cisions that extended far back into
the 19th century, the tribunal de-
Glared that the Federal government
N and states would not hamper or bur-
den each other's activities unconsti-
tutionally if they taxed each other's
employes.
Some Salaries Below Limit
The decision, in effect, gave judi-
cial sanction to half of the Roosevelt
program calling for reciprocal taxa-
LINI tion of Federal and state salaries and
securities. Moreover, the broad lan-
BENITO MUSSO
Hitler's .Dream O Empire Seen Near
Fulfillment A Result Of latest Coups
SWEDEN MEMEL RETURNED
TO GERMANY
. v,.DANZ IG MARCH 22 BY
TECHNICALLY LITH UAN IA
SCHLESWIG 4k FREE CITY -
PARTLY HELD DOMINATED
BY DENMARK BY NAZIS LITHUANIA .
a __ --M
-C-E.RU-I
w
~ EUPEN AND MALMEDYW
HELD BY BELGIUM WEATDPOSNAL
,dp~ ANDBYPOLENHD
let'. UPPERSIL.ESIA P L ND
122 SQUARE UPPE SILESIA
MILES T74EN THREE QUARTERS RE-
FRANCE FROM CZECHO-f TURNED TO GERMANY
HOLDS SLOVAKIA AT 1921 AFTER PLEBWTE
LORRAINE RETURNEDMNCH
LORRINETO GERANY -----
AFTER PLEQSCITE POLAND STILL HAS THIS
.FR ANCE OF 1935 AREA OF UPPER 51 LESIA
ITZERLXT4
HUSGRUMANIA
I T ALY s AI
This map shows how, by plebiscite and by what Adolf Hitler termed a "unique process of reparations," Ger-
many has recovered or partially recovered some of the areas taken away from her in Europe under the Treaty
of Versailles in 1919. Continental Germany today is composed of the striped areas above. Areas striped diagonal-
ly have been recovered as shown in the legends. Black areas were surrendered under the treaty, and have not
been recovered.
Student Senate
Will Consider
Poll On Kipke
May Invite Former Coach
To Open Forum Held
On Regency Election
A proposal to submit Harry Kipke's
candidacy for the Board of Regents
to a campus referendum vote Friday
will be considered by the Student
Senate at 7:30 p.m. today in the
Union. The possibility of inviting
Michigan's former football coach to
an open forum meeting on the Regen-
cy election will also be discussed.
The Senate last week asked the
voters of the State to "repudiate Mr.
Kipke's candidacy" because of his
"affiliations, his connection with
machine politics, and his lack of
training for the position." Immedi-
ately there was a cry that the Senate
was no true mirror of student opinion.
on this subject. The projected poll
should decide. this question, it was
explained.
Meanwhile campaigning for the
16 seats on the Student Senate to be
vacated after tonight's meeting con-
tinued. Platforms were whipped into
final shape yesterday to be printed
tomorrow on the Daily's Student Sen-
ate Battle Page. The complete list of
candidates and an explanation of
the proportional representation vot-
ing system will also appear.
The nation will hear President
Ruthven's views on tolerance at 9
a.m. Sunday over a national hook-
up of the Columbia Broadcasting
System.
Join the Choir, the program us-
ually heard at this time, will be sus-
pended but will be heard at its regu-
lar time following Spring Vacation.
The Court took the following action
yesterday:
Abolished tax immunity on salaries
paid to Federal and State employes.
Agreed to pass on the constitution-
ality of the Agricultural Marketing
Agreement Act of 1937.
Refused to consider a new chal-
lenge to the right of Associate Jus-
tice Black to his seat on the Court.
Held unconstitutional the New Jer-
sey "gangster" act.
Affirmed a lower court decision
that Douglas Fairbanks must repay
to the Federal government a $72,186
income tax refund, with interest
since 1932.
guage of the decision buoyed hopes
of Administration men that the way
was cleared for wiping out immuni-
ties on the income from future is-
sues of securities.
Federal revenue officials welcomed
the decision they estimated they
could get $16,000,000 a year by tax-
ing the salaries of state and local em-
ployes. There was no immediate
estimate of the sums the state would
collect, because the rates in the 33
states which have income taxes vary
widely.
Sanctions Tax Program
The Federal government has about
1,200,000 employes, while the state
and local governments have 2,600,-
000. Although the immunity of all
has been abolished, many of them
will not, in fact, have to pay income
taxes because their salaries fall be-
low the exemptions granted in in-
come tax law.
Today's decision was made in the
case of James B. O'Keefe, a Home
Owners Loan Corporation attorney
whom New York state sought to tax.
Justice Stone, reading the majority
opinion, declared that previous de-
cisions were over-ruled "so far as
they recognize an implied constitu-
tional immunity from income taxa-
tion of the salaries of officers or em-
ployes of the national or a state gov-
ernment or their instrumentalities."
Operetta Cast
Is Announced
Varsity Glee Club To Give
'Trial By Jury'
The cast of Gilbert and Sullivan's
comic operetta, "Trial by Jury;" which
will be presented at the Varsity Glee
Club's annual Spring Concert at 8:30
p.m. Thursday in Hill Auditorium,
was announced yesterday.
The male lead, the Judge, will be
sung by Harry Lusk, '39, The "female
lead," the Plaintiff, will be sung by
Jack Secrist, Grad. The parts of four
"bridesmaids" will be taken by Wil-
liam MacIntosh, '40, Arthur Swann,
'39, Hugh Roberts, '39 and Chandler
Pinney, '40E.
Other soloists are Counsel for the
Plaintiff,. James George, '41; Defend-
ant. Robert Nelson .4- :heriff Ralnh
-
Business, Politics, Fraternities
And Finals Perplex Students'
By MORTON LINDER
A short time ago this column,
which has been peppering the cam-
pus with questions for some few
months, reversed the process and at-
tempted to answer various questions
submitted by students selected at
random. The variation was received
quite well and so we are trying it
again today. Remember that the
opinions presented are strictly our
own, and any similarity to logical
reasoning is purely accidental.
THE QUESTION: If you were con-
ducting this column, what question
would you ask?
THE PLACE: Library steps.
Don Stevenson, '41, asks: "Do you
think the United States government
should act to stim-
ulate business?"
The Answer: To
say the govern-
ment should act as
a business stimu-
lant is to touch the
problem lightly
and superficially.
Assuming that gov-
ernment and busi-
ness should be two distinct spheres
(a. danntab nlioint) we mst realize
ment lend a hand in addition to a
handout).
Jane Larson, '41, asks: "Who will
be the next governor of Michigan?
The answer: Our clairvoyant pow-
ers being in a I
somewhat u n r e-
vealing state, this
question finds us a
little unprepared.
We imagine, how-
ever, that, should
Governor Dickin-
son appoint Harry
Toy Lieutenant-
Governor, there is
a distinct possibility that Dickinson
might retire, thus leaving Toy with
the gubernatorial chair. Outside of
this, we can think of none as a pos-
sible candidate unless it's Harry
Kipke.
Erma Bush, '42, asks: "What do the
majority of freshmen women think
of the new hours regulation?"
The Answer: We should think they
would bevery much
pleased if the head
on The Daily story r
late last semester
announcing th e
hnonna i s eaan+ '
Reich Now Wields World's Largest Military Machine;
Poland Seen Next Victim Of Nazi Might
By ELLIOTT MARANISS
Hitler's swift moves in the last two
weeks, resulting in the forcible an-
nexation of Czechoslovakia and Mem-
el and the attainment of economic
control over Rumania, have served,
according to most observers to im-
times the territory Germany lost at
Versailles, and commands an empire
which comprises 269,000 square miles
with a total population of 88,000,000.
The German dream of political and
economic sovereignty over Central
and Eastern Europe, a dream char-
naar,,nA , t i Cth, a- ,-. F ait., i .Am
'Ensian Poll May Incite
Prof.'s To Apple-Polish
The tables will be turned this week
when professors apple polish stu-
dents to get their votes in the election
for the most popular professor on
campus.
The contest, sponsored by the
flfnh-i x at, an ur i n Aaa4 An Fla