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No. 129
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, MARCH 23, 1924
PRICE, FIVE
;HIGAN
IEWS
THE
PHI IPPINE
r
{ or that period of time, about $700,00,000
M av r e s en t The island Hero! th*mrcn o tw er.I ol
I and some 100,008 American soldiers
to conquer him and his people.
P aO fProtection:x Aft. erehisfinal defeat ad ,capture
She agreed to abstain from further
-.warfare or incitement to warfare
Apolitical organization able to control against his late foes. And he has
DANGER OF JAPAN their govenment cetainly and peace-agishsltefs.Ad ehs
thei goernentcertinl an pece-never broken his word. Not only that,
fully. The, further development of but he has kept out of politics almost
PROF. WILLIAM H. HbBBS, head of I
the party system of the islands coupl- completely, never allowing his pres-
the geology department- ei with additional popular experience tige to be used either by parties or
"The troubles which we are now ih its use undoubtedly will give them by individual politicians for the fur-
having in the administration of the tr. ni htherance of their ends. Upon several
aving a n that -control. But in my opinion that i" ' occasions, howev~er, when Filipino-
Phlipie ae agey f uocn ~
Philippines are largely of our own development wil not occur so long - American relations have become
making. It appears to be a more or as independence is an issue. So long strained he has warned and urged
less traditional policy of the Congress as all leaders, policies, and parties Filipinos to remain within the law.
when assuming new responsibilities arjdedan upore -Within the last year or so he has been
are judged and supported with refer- hIvery active in organizing an associa-
in government to effectually tie its ence to this issue alone normal polit- ttion of the veterans of the 'Filipino's
towcalvgrowth in the Philippineisneedfno
own hands by definite promises ofcal growth in the Philippines need not wars for, independence, nor has he
speci~firfture action, though fate has ineenec 4..**'t*i*.
not c fore8 withision togh frechas be expected. Once the independencever ceased to use his influence to
o, fsard wth vision to forecast su e ttrwtkeen, inscrutable yes as bright as
future events: Such action was tak- and patriotism among his people.
en in reference to Cuba, as well as by very rapid indeea. Those who know him believe that he
the Jones Act which 'guaranteed to "The second weakness of the Philip- still expects to be the first president
the Filipinos their independence so pines is economic. Despite its rich of the nw Philippine Republic.
soon as a "stable government' should natural resources, social and political: Aguinaldo today is a small, dig-
be set up. This piece of folly was growth have outrun economic devel- nified, impressive ma sofabout 50.
greatly aggravated in the appointment opment in the islands. Further pro- His short pompadour is still untouch-
by President Wilson of Francis Bur- gress therefore depends upon a con- - ed by gray, his step is elastic, and his
ton Harrison as Governor General siderable increase in national wealth. keen, inscructable eyes as bright as
with instructions to give the Filipinos There is no evidence that this in- kee rucal yes as .ightas
the largest possible measure of self- crease will occur, however, so long as Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo they were 20years ago. In courtesy
Iand hospitality he is a matchless host,
government, we remain in the Philippines against
Harrison Disastrous the will of the Filipinos. Neither Filipino insurrectionist leader who and he takes great delight in show-
I ar the concluson of the figpital wile is known the world over as the ing American guests the splintered
"In 1921 after the conclusion of the American nor foreign capital will en- staunch defender of Philippine inde- holes which were made when Dewey's
Harrison regime and a week only be- ter the islands under the onitions pendence. He has achieved a perma- shells hurtled through his house at
fore Major General Leonard Wood as- of uncertainty inherent in such a sit- net place for himself in American Cavite. His name is one to conjure
umed th officeof Govenor Geenen, placeonforndhimself FliniAmericane
sumed the office of Governor General, uation, indeed, the Filipinos are re- history for it took two years for the with in the Philippines and it is not
I spent a week in the city of Manila luctant to encourage investments in United States to conquer him and his impossible that in the future as in the
and talked with many Americans their country for fear that should they people with the aid of 100,000 soldiers past it will pay to "watch Aguinaldo."
both Republicans and Democrats, on do so they would jeopardiza independ- and $706,000,000.
the effect of the Harrison administra- ence. Let the existing uncertainty as F
tion. There seemed to be entire to the future be removed by the es-ee Philipines
agreement that it had been disastrous, tablishment of a regime which restsTa K e s
by which the evolution of native civil pinos will at least have an oppor- gg K eW l a o T
government had been set back to be tunity to carry forward the economicr A lve E a e
perhaps a' decade, while the Republi- development of their rich land and i £ A "" Manila, March 22.-"American capi-
cans claimed that it was many times thus make possible the social and . N1 atona lsf talists in the Philippines will not need
that period. ;,political development which they seek. protection of the Amerien flag after in-
"'As an examle selected from one Of course it is obvious that capital The nane of Aguinaldo is known to depence has been granted the islands,
fild, Filipinos with no banking ex- will not enter the Philippines until millions of Americans who have never but will be treated squarely, even gen-
perience had been placed in charge it is convinced that the new arrange- heard of Osmena, Quezon, Aglipay, or erously," President Manuel Quezon of
of e PhilippIne Nationl Bank and l actually be stable, But it, any other 'of the active leaders of the the insular Senate, declared today at a
had made large loans to speculative will be ui to the Filipios to convince
cocrsonn rpe euit;teinetr ponti oit . 1Filipirno people for the 'past genera- meeting held here.
concerns on no proper seCrty;then s.tion, and to whox" the fame of Rizal, Antonio de Ia Salas, Speaker Pro
result being that the' Insular Treas- Immediate Independence the geat hero of the Philippines, has Tem of the 'Houseof Representatives,
ury had become practically bank°. The Phil'pptnes . today is "asking ' ,never reached. This Malay, who, for n the same connection, asserted that
rupt. afor absoluAe and immediatedopend- 22 years has lived the retred life p2 as a result of the present Administra-
"The Firbes-Wood 'report,. muad ence.s For tactical, reasons. they cau av pla'nter;. and,laMiwner achieved a tien'of the Philippiies the. riendship
after mpnths os careful .investigation: denim'ninothing 'lese pt- co.untry.; permanent plagin ,Amer ican history between the two p les wasin .danger
by men who already possessed a bak- and any Filipino-who;asked 'loss would. as well as in that of. his c n coun- . Be.nghtoange
ground :of large experience in the bera'inedsat home. I thoroughly b tiy because sPresident of the Philip- ofeng broken. >
Philippines, makes clear the generally ieve, however, that 'were the :United. pine Republic and general of itsar- "It is high.time that:A mericans here
chaotic condition in whieh the Har- States to 'offer.tQ recognize ,the .Phirtl I nies he person ifl'ed the. F pinopPo- shoul! know wht we will give inre-
rison administration had left the Is- 9Ivpine Republic and to establish relap;le in4 their war for independence fromn turn ;for' what we are asking.'" Senator
lands. Th'ir passe which has "flow ; tins with it similar to those existing the United, States, Whoever thiksg Q iezon sa& '.'America wants a naval
Dteveloped between Governor General between the United. Statj.s arnd Cubat of Dewey at Manila, of "Imperialism," base in the Orient. She needs a coun-
Wood and the Filipino Nationalists in the offer would be promptly accepted, o[ the Philippine insurrection thinks try in this part of the globe where she
his attempt to restore normal con- provided that it were specified that of Aguinaldo. can sell her products and get what she
ditions has come about as an inevit- after a definite period complete sep- A Tagalog with some admixture of1 jcannot produce in the homeland.
able consequence of the Harrison aration would be granted should the Chinese blood, springing from the "We want to assure America and
policy. General Wood's policy has Philippines then desire it. Such a re- common people, Aguinaldo won his Americans here that they will not have
now been upheld by official action of lationship would give to the Filipinos way to military leadership during the to govern this country in order to get
the Secretary of War, and has still the best possible opportunity to carry Philippine rebellion of 1896-1897 thes things. If she grants our free-
mbre recently been given the unquali- forward their national development, against Spain. He fought the Don!these hcns.ils antse here.'
,led approval of President Coolidge. already so splendidly begun. It would to a stalemate, left the islands by doI she can build a naval base here.
Jones Act also afford the best and the safest agreement, and returned at Admiral We will give her preference in our
"Te Filipinos are not without a road to the end which the United Dewey's invitation in 1898 to coo-per- trae; we will buy her products, and in
"heasFrof justice in their tons States has always striven for in its ate against the common enemy. Then, every way we will give her all the con-
afor independence, especially in 'view reations with the islands, the crea- believing that he had been promised cessions necessary to maintain her
fr the pomisesmdeto hem in te tion of a strong, self-governing demo- independence for his people, be fought position in the Orient."
Of the promises .made to them in the c'rac Y i the Philippines
Jones At; but it is to be regretted ct i
that their propaganda in this country''"""' t
is not entirelyt'honest. They call= A QUESTION O TIME
loudly for'independence, when rwhat 1 mA"1 A T ""[" Tn
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Inydependence Stand
Vigrouly efendi
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PEOPLE CAPABLE
Statements that the United States
promised the Philippine people inde-
pendence as soon as they are fitted for
it are untrue according to Dean M.
M. Kalaw, exchange professor from
the University of the Philippines.
Dean Kalaw said in an address be-
fore the Philippine-Michigan club re-
cently that the question as to the time
when the Flipinos should be granted
independence had been definitely de-
cided so that there should be no cause
for ambiguity.
The Jones Law which was passed'by
Congress on August 29, 1916, provided
for Philippine independence as soon
as a stable form of government should
be established. Dean Kalaw stated
further that a definition of stable gov-
ernment had been made through the
precedents established by the United
States in relations with Cuba and the
South American countries. According;
to those precedents and the interpre-
tation given by the League of Nations
the term stable government means a
government supported by the people
and capable of fulfilling its interna-
tional obligations. Dean Kalaw stat-
ed that this was a promise made offi-
cially by the United States which has
not been fulfilled. President Wilson
has nfeiilly ntifiad tha th Tcli
Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood
Present governor general of the
Philippine Islands who has been
praised by Lord Cromer, the famous
English administrator of Egypt, as
one of the greatest colonial execut-
ives of the present day. General
Wood took his oath of office in 1921,
"WE WANT FREEDOI
"Why of course we want inde
ence. Every Filipino does," wa
response Maria Lanzar, Grad.,
the reporter who asked her a
responding question. "We wa:
be free just as every other c
wants to be free."
Miss Lanzar is here on a Ba:
degree and is taking her Ph.:
Political science. She is writing
thesis on the "Exercise of Ame
Sovereignity in the Philippines."
interest is vital and alive and sh
a good grasp of the situation bc
of her particular interest in thi
of study.
American 'Protection-
"There are several problems
fronting the Philippines right 1
Miss Lanzar continued. "One o
most vital concerns the dispe
with American protection. The
linos are willing to risk taking
step. Japan would be the gre
menace, no doubt.
"Another problem is the Philip
economic question which is still
settled. The promises from
United States are far too gener
be of consequence now," states
Lanzar. "Filipinos don't believe
can get their independence right
It is necessary they feel to agitat
question continually in order tha
one will think they have given up
thought of complete freedom.
Governor Too Strong
Miss Lanzar believes that the
ernor general has too much gen
power at present. 'Under the J
Law, the Constitution of the P1
pines, the power may be used in
a way as to severely handicap
enterprise instigated by the Filip
themselves. As long as the gove
general does not allow himself t
swayed by his party interests her
the United States,'his,"ample po
will allow him to be of great 'se'
in the Philippines economically
politically.
Speaking of the different polil
I factions in the Islands,-Miss La
says, "Oh .my goodness, you
know how they quarrel. But
only keeps, the people as a
more interested. I. suppose it's
ter so."
From The File
coming in with the Harding adminis-
tration. pnos have established the stable gov-
ernment required of them.
"England has gone ahead of the
General Wood United States in her dealings with
dependencies," said Dean Kalaw. He
Hcited the cases of England's policy
with Egypt and Ireland as examples
" where England had used the, round'
I S ong rbp ale method rather than force. If
America would use this method. she
"Major-G'eneral Leonard Wood is would gaina great deal in her rela-
"Majr-Gnera Lenard Woo *i tions with dependencies.
one of th'e greatest colonial adminis-tFsrohdpde ies.
trators of modern times," said the Deviated From Principle
Earl of Cromer who, as resident con- Dean Kalaw stated that the founda-
sul of Egypt for the British govern- tion for the Philippine trouble rests
itient, was himself recognized as prob- on the fact that America has deviated
ably the foremost colonial expert of from the principle which she holds
tne day. sacred-that governments derive their
iWhen the Republican administration first powers from the consent of the
took control of our national govern- governed. Whether an independent!
me t in 1921 Gneral Wood was made Philppine government can withstand
gov e n r1general of the odInw s ma e nvasion is another question. There I
Islands, succeeding Francis B. Harri- are only two or three nations in the'
son, who had charge of the Philippine world at the present time that are
affairs during th eight years of' the' proof against invasion and the Philip-
'Wiisrn 'administration. Wood's . - jpines are as capable of protecting
nin~a'tiri of the' island' has been themselves as-a large number of other
very different from that of his prede- countries.
cessor. ' "In the Philippines there are more
Harrison was very lenient, allowing than a million farms' owned by the
the natives to practically run their people. More than half of the popula-
own affairs. Wood's regime; has been lion live independently on their own
of a different nature. He has regu- farms thus evenly dividing the proper-I
lated the affairs .of the island as the 1 ty. ' In a people like this it is hard
governor-general was instructed to to get disorders," said Dean Kalaw.
(1o under the Jones Act, and ha3 not Nearly ninety-eight per cent of the:
allowed the natives to assume pow- natives have been Christians for more
ers tc which they are not entitled un- than thre hundred years. Out of'the
Sd(r that act. For this reason he is j 10,500,000 inhabitants there are near-;
net as popular on the island as. was ly 10,000,000 Christians. Dean Kalaw!
Harrison. but it is admitted that be asserted that the argument that the'
has accomplshed great things in' b e state of civilization is too low in the
i gering the condition of the Islander .i Philippines to for ma democracy is
>EAKS
without foundation.
Moro Problem
The Moro problem so much dis-
cussed in this country is an issue of
religion, not of politics, he said, and
therefore should not be considered in
the independence question. The trou-
ble is the outgrowth of the natural
they really want is entire freedom to
govern themselves with the United
States benevolently standing behind
them from the consequences of theirI
acts. Their publicists are fully aware
that corplete independence would
mean taking over the Islands by
Japan, and making of them another;
Korea, but no sane protecting nationk
would assume the obligation to pre-
vent such an outcome unless it were
in a position to curb the follies of a
dark-skinned race holding the reins
of government in the early stages ofj
its evolution.I
CONSENT TO GOVERN
PROF. J. R. HAYDEN, of the politi-
cal' science department-
The fundamental purpose of the
United States in its relations with the
Philippines has been to prepare the
Filipino people for successful self-
government. Today this purpose can
best be furthered by the prompt es-
tablishment in the islands of a govern-
ment which will rest upon the Ameri-
can principle that government derives
its just powers from the consent of'
the governed. Only in a relationship
which is freely agreed to by the Fili-
pino people can the United States
assist in the further political, socialI
and economic' development of the
Philippines and thus reach the goal'
which is sought by both nations. Ac-
ceptance of this principle by the Unit-
ed States is an absolite prerequisiteI
to any real solution of the Philippine
"America has apparently .pledged . 1
herself to ,eventual independence of
'the Philippine Islands, but I doubt
if this will come within a century,
is the'opinion of Professor Preston W. cause of the stage of industrial devel-,
Slosson of the history department in'opment existing in the islands,,must
regard to the question of Philippine ois
independence..' .. .. come from outside lenders of capi-
"It is a question of time until in- Ial," said Prof. C. E. Griffin of the
dependence must be granted. There economics department. ' "In bidding
is a necessity of not only acknowledg- for capital in the world market, an
ing the independence of the nation, area which is assured of stable gov-
but of creating a nation from amonga
people who are of different classes, e nent and guaranteed against ex-
races, religions, and cultures. The i ternal aggression by some large for-
question is much the same as in eign power is in" an advantageous
SIndia, only ona' smaller scale. In position. Foreign investments are of-
that country there is the same hetero- ten thought of as benefiting only the
geneous mass of people who must oes
united. The question of the Philip- lenders, but there is an even greater
pines will be solved much sooner benefit than the interest derived by
however, because the country is so the lender to the country in which the
much smaller," Professor Slosson be- capital is invested.
Nieves."Complete independence could
"A common mind must be developed... y
through the American schools. This; hardly help but act as a check upon
can be done in one generation if the the investment of much foreign, cap .
progress continues at the sanie rate ! tal, particularly ofAmerican capital,
it hs' The schools have been'a great in the Philippines. From this point
Sfactor ini1uilding up the nation as it of view it would be undesirable to the
now stands. In regard to the.-matteri Philippines to establish independence
of government ,there is ai difference from the United States. Such a step
of opinion. However at present I do would 'destroy the advantage which
not believe there will be much change the Philippines now have oyer South
in 'form. It is apparently. working 'Ainerica and the other areas which
successfully," Professor Slosson con- are available for capital investment. ,
tinned. "We created a certain task "Anothereconomic'advantage to
for ourselves when we took the is-
landsnder our cre, ad ok whe set the Philippines in the present, ar-
lands under our care, and so we set rangement is the freedom of trade be-
up a government. It would create a I tween the islands and the United
difficulty if we took it away, and so 4 e+ ,AI o Ac. n ,anl of this nrnneP-
'rIXAJIi1 1,0
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against the goods of this country NOT YET READY Mohammedan restlessness which is
would be to the United States. ___going around the world at the pres-
ent time.
"A wise decision must take ito "To the ignorant mass of the Fil- Economic independence is totally
account many considerations other pinos independence only means no dependent' on political independence.
than the economic, but from this point morel taxes. An island peopled with They go hand in hand and it is im-
of view it appears that the Philip- individuals who first came in con- possible tp have one without 'the
pines have little to gain by .complete tact with the elements of Spanish eiv- other.I "Give the Philippines their own
,,vgovernment and economic independ-'
independence." ilization less than 300 years ago are ence will be easier of attainment,
surely not ready to take upon them- said Dean Kalaw.
TIME NOT RIPE selves the responsibilities of self- The Philippines would not be will-
I government. Frankly, the natives are ing to accept a dominion status, but
It is the opinion of Prof. A. L. I not ready for freedom; it is only the they might be temporarily satisfied!
Cross of the history department that f "politicoes", as we call them, that ad-' with a position such as Cuba holds,
perhaps the time is not ripe for com- vocate the absence of American con- the Dean beieves. They do, however,
plete Philippine Independence "By trol," according to a member of the want to continue as friends of th'
reason of their inexperience along the Michigan .student body, a resident of United States and continue the edu-
lines of self(government," Professor Manilla and the daughter of a prom-, cational' program started by the
Cross' continues, and because the inent faculty member of the Univer-' Americans.
Philippines are for the most part un- sity of.the. Philippines.
educated, I am 'forced to -believe they "A primitive type of civilization ex-
are hardly ready to manage their own i sts. in the Philippines today. Farm-
affairs.'As is generally the ease when ing- is carri'ed on at about the same ~ ,,N
such conditions exist there would be speed that the old Romans knew. The ; .oay In T
an; ever present danger of foreign in- typical native, clothed in- short,. red j
tervetion, owing to the inadequate trousers rolled high above his knees
defensive'preparation of the.new gov- and a huge straw hat upon his head, St. Andrew's Episcopal Church
ernment. Should such a thing take drives before him his crude plough The Rev. Dickinson S. Miller of the
place. the result would of course be and "carabao." The inefficient ineth- General Theological Seminary, 'New
entirely unsatisfactory to both par- ods whereby agriculture is carried
ties. I on, characterize practically all of the York City, will be the preacher at St.
"A' system of self government simi- activity' into which' the natives enter. Andrew's church this morning. Dr.l
lar to that employed by England seems The major industries, the fisheries Miller is Professor of Apologetics and
to be one way of satisfactorily settling and lumber concerns, are conducted Philosophy at the Seminary and is
the problem. In this case the execut- 'by Europeans and Japanese. The I widefy known as a lecturer and
ive lislaitive: and administtrative "tiendas" offering everything from _
In the U. of M. Daily of Ja
11, 1899, an article appeared 1
of the appointment of Prof. De
Worcester to the Philippines in
gation committee. In the article
fessor Worcester was quoted r
Ing the result of Philippine inde
ence, which he called at the tin
possible, as saying:
"There would be one nation
north, another in the center.
would eat each other up, unt
Moro pirates come up from the IN
dao, and ate up all the rest.
Moros are one of the fiercest ra
the world. They are pirates an
as desperately as the 'Fuzzy-V
of the Soudan. How can we c
them? Well, they have Moha
dan civilization now, but that to
them to prey on Christians.' I
the best plan is to isolate them
trol their island with gunboats tc
themn away from other partsc
group and letthem take care of
selves."
An Old Questio
In the files of the U. of M. Da
A larch' 2 1899, an article app
from wi'och an excerpt follows
Prof. Bradley M. Thompsor
tared lasI night in University H
the subject: "What Shall We Do
The Philippines?" The hall wa:
filled, the law students predomi:
and Occupying the greater pa
the msain floor. 2'iey made
'ovi w th their rival yells and
until F-r'ofessor Thompson was
duced.
'he Churches ---
"Some of the Major Problems I
by Modern Industrialism." Con
ltion classes for adults and the
women's Bible class will meet at
At 5 o'clock there will be e
prayer and address by Mr. Lew
the student supper in Harris 1
16 o'clock Rev. Miller will
speaker.