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www.michigandaily.com Ann Arbor, Michigan m Vol. CXIII, No. 134 ©2004 The Michigan Daily
Institute
offers new
links for
.depression
By Genevieve Lampinen
Daily Staff Reporter
Severe depression disorders are
twice as likely to occur in women than
men. But research shows hormone dif-
ferences and emotional expression are
not the primary causes for high diagno-
sis rates in women, said Susan Nolen-
Hoeksema, director of the Institute for
Research on Women and Gender.
This issue was addressed during a
presentation at Lane Hall yesterday
where Nolen-Hoeksema highlighted
studies and literature explaining the
biological and psychological factors
that contribute to female depression.
"The notion that women's moods are
controlled completely by hormones has
not been supported by the past 25 years
of research. The research is showing
over and over that there are several rea-
sons for depression," she said.
Nolen-Hoeksema cited social net-
works, sexual and physical abuse,
poverty and relationship inequities as
factors that have more of a negative
impact on women than men and conse-
quently contribute to a higher rate of
mental sickness.
Categorizing these factors into three
groups - biological, psychological or
stress factors - she said that not only
do these factors contribute to depres-
sion, but they also contribute to each
other, creating a cycles in which one
problem can spark another. This type
of cycle, or "feedback loop," can trap
women in a state of depression.
"The sad news is that each of these
factors reacts with the others creating
feedback loops. The good news is that
it looks like you can intervene at a
number of levels," Nolen-Hoeksema
said, adding that although negative fac-
tors antagonize one another, positive
factors work in the same way, having
the ability to influence the overall
mood of a depression victim.
Nolen-Hoeksema said although
women are more likely to experience
rumination - passively and repetitively
focusing on negative feeling - statisti-
cal modeling has been done to show this
is only one part of depression.
"The academic and clinical world
has known for years that women are
more treated than men and treat it as
phenomenon. Lay people write it off as
women seek more help and are more
willing to admit it," Nolen-Hoeksema
said.
She said two-thirds of students who
possess symptoms of depression and
would benefit from mental health serv-
ices don't seek help, the majority of
this population being women.
"A very large population of Univer-
sity students is depressed. The Univer-
sity of Michigan is very lucky to have
a nationally recognized depression
See DEPRESSION, Page 3
WAR IN IRAQ
President
notes Iraq
difficulties
Bush still pans on June
30 transfer power to new
Iraqi government
By Jameel Naqvi
Daily Staff Reporter
President Bush held a nationally-tel-
evised press conference last night to
address the worsening situation in Iraq
and the intense scrutiny his administra-
tion has come under in the past weeks
over pre-Sept. 11 intelligence.
Throughout the conference, Bush
portrayed the war on Iraq as one
against the "ideology of terror," casting
those who have inflicted casualties on
coalition forces in the past month in
the same light as those who carried out
the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. "Terrorist
agents infiltrated Iraq to incite and
carry out attacks," Bush said. Whether
part of the Shiite or Sunni Muslim
sect, Bush said the resistance in Iraq
has a common goal - to run the coali-
tion out of Iraq.
Bush named only one resistance
leader, influential Shiite cleric Muqta-
da al-Sadr, whose militia is responsible
for many coalition deaths. "Al-Sadr
must answer the charges against him
and disband his illegal militia," he said.
U.S. military officials want al-Sadr
dead or captured.
Bush dismissed the notion that the
resistance in Iraq is a popular uprising,
countering that the deadly attacks of
the past month were the actions of a
minority of Iraqis.
But mounting casualties have led
some politicians to question whether
the United States. is dangerously
undercommitted in Iraq. Bush
answered these criticisms last night. "If
additional forces are needed, I will
send them. If additional resources are
needed, I will provide them," he said.
There are currently about 135,000 U.S.
troops in Iraq. If U.S. casualties contin-
ue to mount at the current pace - 80
killed so far this month - April will
soon eclipse November 2003 as the
deadliest month since Bush declared
the end of major combat operations on
May 1, 2003.
While Bush left open the possibility
of an increased military presence, he
also reaffirmed his dedication to the
June 30 deadline for the transfer of sov-
ereignty to the Iraqi people and said he
did not support a military commitment
of an indefinite duration. "We're not an
imperial power. ... We're a liberating
power," he said. "We seek an independ-
ent, secure and free Iraq."
But Bush later said a coalition pres-
ence will remain in Iraq after the June
30 deadline.
A recurring theme in Bush's remarks
was Iraqi democracy as an important
precedent in the Arab world. "The
Iraqi Constitution will include a bill of
rights that is unprecedented in the Arab
world," he said. Establishing democra-
cy overseas was a central goal of the
idealistic foreign policy Bush present-
ed. "We're changing the world and the
world will be better off," Bush said.
Bush responded to the claim he took
the country to war on false pretenses.
All evidence, he said, pointed to for-
mer Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein
being in possession of illicit weapons.
"That's the assessment I made, Con-
gress made and the U.N. Security
See BUSH, Page 3
TOP: President Bush addresses the White House press corps and the nation in the East Room of the White House last
night. BOTTOM: Marine Sgt. Jeff Hardy and Lance Cpl. Cody Finnell look out over the rooftops of homes at sunrise
yesterday at a post their regiment has been occupying in Fallujah, Iraq.
Din gel attacks Bush s policies
By Melissa Benton
Daiy Staff Reporter
Students in Prof. Lawrence
Greene's political science class had
the chance to ask Rep. John Dingell
about the Patriot Act and the Bush
administration's war on terrorism yes-
terday.
In a lecture in the Terrorism, Law
and Due Process class, Dingell (D-
Dearborn) criticized the actions of the
Bush administration and expressed his
desire to protect the American people
as well as his distrust for the Bush
administration.
Dingell said the Patriot Act -
which was passed Oct. 26, 2001, giv-
ing the government access to certain
personal information without proba-
ble cause - infringes upon the basic
rights of the American people.
"It permits too much spying ... by
our government," Dingell said.
The Patriot Act is especially contro-
versial because it was passed very
quickly, before hearings on the issue
could take place, Dingell said. "The
Patriot Act was passed with very few
members having seen it or understood
it," he added.
Yet LSA senior Ruben Duran said
Dingell skirted the issue when he was
challenged. "He had absolutely no
answer as to how Presidential candi-
date John Kerry would solve the prob-
lem on terrorism," Duran said.
Dingell also said the Bush adminis-
tration cannot be trusted. "Never,
never, did they have real proof that
Saddam Hussein was using Iraq as a
host or a sanctuary for terrorism. And
now they're discerning that there were
no weapons of mass destruction
there," he added.
Dingell met with Secretary of
Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Vice
President Dick Cheney before Congress
voted to support Bush in invading Iraq
in October 2002. At that time, Rums-
feld and Cheney did not say what evi-
dence they had of terrorists and
weapons of mass destruction in Iraq,"
Dingell said.
For this reason, Dingell said Bush's
motives for going to war were not
based on factual information. Dingell
was hesitant to allow Bush to occupy
Iraq. "As you recall, Congress simply
wrote a blank check for George Bush.
I voted against that," Dingell said.
The Bush administration also refus-
es to take responsibility for its mis-
takes since Iraq has not been found to
harbor any weapons of mass destruc-
tion, he added.
Dingell said the only way to solve
these problems is to remove Bush
from office. He said the Democratic
See DINGELL, Page 3
SAPAC volunteers
defend new changes
By Aymar Jean
Daily Staff Reporter
For more than two months, students have open-
ly resisted the University's proposed changes to
sexual assault services, but during those months,
a group of students working
inside the Sexual Assault Preven-
tion and Awareness Center have "We're al]
agreed with the University's plan.
While opponents see these tiC same
changes as a fragmentation of provide g
services that will only harm sur-
vivors, some students who work ServmceS t
at SAPAC - speaking on their SurvivorS
own behalf and not for all the
center's volunteers - said the violence.
changes will improve upon the
current program. SAPAC p
"We're all fighting the same
- fight to provide good services to
1
j
;
x
e
"This is what we believe, and we feel very
strongly about it," Stephanie Vitale said, an alum
and peer education coordinator.
The staffers said the proposed changes are a
coordinated community response, in which sur-
vivors seek services at either SAFE House,
SAPAC or CAPS and are imme-
diately networked in a seam-
I less system. In the plan, SAFE
House handles crisis situations,
iigiit to SAPAC provides follow-up and
advocacy and CAPS offers
ongoing counseling.
O SAPAC Director Kelly
of sexul Cichy, who has worked for
years in this field, said she has
seen this model at numerous
- Sasha Achen other schools, including the
eer coordinator universities of Minnesota and
Arizona.
The changes are not a result
Museum snail
collection aids
conservation
By Naila Moreira
Daily Staff Reporter
One of the world's most notoriously slow creatures, the
land snail, may soon get a boost in the race against extinc-
tion, thanks to a suite of specimens from the University's
zoological collection.
Tahitian land snails, famous among the biological commu-
nity as examples of species that evolved rapidly in isolated
island environments, now teeter at the brink of extinction. Of
61 species that once left trails of slime in the leafy forests of
the.French Polynesian islands, only about five remain in the
wild. An estimated 15 more have been conserved and bred in
zoos, including the Detroit Zoological Institute.
Zoology Prof. Diarmaid 6 Foighil said he believes he can
aid conservation efforts using samples that have lain unused
in a museum freezer for more than 30 years. The samples,
freeze-dried specimens of original snail populations, were
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