-LOCAL/STATE-
The Michigan Daily - Tuesday, November 10, 1998 - 7
NDOWS
inspect any other residence hall win-
dows, Levy said.
In 1979, windows at Alice Lloyd,
Betsy Barbour, Couzens, East
Quadrangle, Helen Newberry,
Mosher-Jordan, Stockwell and West
Quadrangle residence halls all were
replaced.
"Those windows should last a very
time," Levy said.
Low-cost federal loans for projects
improving energy conservation during
the Carter administration made the
massive window reinstallation possi-
ble. The new windows provide better
quality insulation, saving on heating
bills.
Since other residence hall win-
dows are not going to be inspected,
Levy said it is the resident's responsi-
bility to put in a repair order if his or
& window is not working properly.
In public areas such as bathrooms
and stairwells, maintenance workers
are responsible to place repair orders.
But that does not necessarily mean
all windows that need maintenance
receive proper attention.
Engineering first-year student Dan
Lee has noticed problems with the
Windows at Alice Lloyd.
Although the window in his Lloyd
*m works properly, "if you look
around, probably half of the screens
can be easily jiggled or pushed out ...
they aren't the most reliable screens"
11 Looking out the screenless win-
dow of the third floor men's bathroom
in Lloyd's Kleinsteu House, two
screens laying on a roof facing
Observatory Avenue could be seen
yesterday.
"Without screens, it wouldn't be
at hard to fall out," Lee said.
All windows in residents' rooms
,fe supposed to have screens, Levy
sid.
. Students are not supposed to
emove screens from their window
oasings, though in some rooms, cer-
tain fan units require the removal of
screens.
Window use falls under the aus-
pices of Housing's proper use con-
O t, which residents sign before
moving into their rooms.
"Whatever you damage in the
room, you are responsible for," Levy
said.
In the wake of Cantor's death,
Housing may update its room readi-
Hess checklist. Before move-in,
Housing officials check each room to
be sure everything is working proper-
Ty.
The checklist does not currently
elude window screens and stops, but
most likely will in the future, Levy
said.
"When you have a death as tragic
as (Cantor's), you want to do every-
thing possible to make sure every-
thing is working properly," Levy
said.
Besides Cantor's death, "there is
no record of anyone falling out of a
ndow in (Housing's) collective
Iemory."
The other instance of a person
falling from a University residence
hall occurred at Markley in the '70s,
Levy said. A resident, who fell asleep
on an exterior ledge while sun-
bathing, landed in bushes with minor
injuries.
Child's play
Study: City size affects crime
By Dave Lu
For the Daily
Poverty activists have long argued that crime has many
negative effects on urban populations.
But the claim has been proven for the first time by the
research of economics Prof. Julie Cullen and colleague
Steven Levitt, an economist at the University of
Chicago.
The study, which will be published in an upcoming
issue of Review of Economics and Statistics, proposes
that for every reported urban crime, a net effect of one
person abandons the city for suburbia.
Moreover, the study claims that for every 10 percent
increase in the urban crime rate, city population subse-
quently declines one percent.
"People know that crime and a decrease in population
are related, but there has never been a study to prove it,"
Cullen said. "'Urban flight' or 'white flight' started in
the '80s, and it is the trend of people moving out to the
suburbs."
Cullen's research set out to demonstrate crime as the
primary culprit for the exodus of urban residents, as
opposed to the idea that crime rates rose as a result of
people leaving the cities.
Employing a very detailed study with three different
data sets, Cullen showed that people were encouraged to
move out of the cities at a faster rate than people were
encouraged to move in.
"We studied 10-year changes of the urban population
from '70 to '80 and from '80 to '90. We then conducted
a year-by-year investigation of the same population.
Finally, as the third data set, we took information from
the census and studied the '75 to '80 cross-section,"
Cullen said.
"We saw where people ended up, and all three yield-
ed the same results," she said.
Although the study did not detect distinguishing racial
or ethnic trends, it showed that an individual's education
level and number of children were influential factors in
residential choices.
High school graduates and those with children were
"Crime has actually ;gone
down over the years"
- Steven Levitt
University of Chicago Economist
twice as likely to leave the city than those who dropped
out of school and had no children.
Cullen said she believes families with children and the
ability to move would generally feel safer away from the
crime and dangers of the city.
"Although those who leave still maintain their jobs in
the city, their leaving as residents cause housing values to
plummet," Cullen said. "The feed to city taxes also
decreases."
Levitt said this pattern characterizes the situation in
Detroit over the past two decades.
"Urban flight is very detrimental to cities," Levitt said.
"People generally prefer to live in cities because they are
centers of art and culture.
"When they leave, all the infrastructure that is already
there is wasted," Levitt said.
Although the suburbs have grown over the past two
decades, big cities will most likely survive the changes,
Cullen said.
"Crime has actually gone down over the years," Levitt
said. "We are presently seeing a rejuvenation of cities like
New York and Houston."
Levitt said he believes that with a lot of redevelopment,
reinvestment and better police forces, cities can become
more attractive.
Michelle Zdrodowski, deputy press secretary to Detroit
Mayor Dennis Archer, echoed Levitt's comments.
"We have seen many people moving back to Detroit
over the past few years,' Zdrodowski said. "The city is
undergoing a renaissance of sorts.
"There are new businesses, new development - includ-
ing the 34 new residential projects currently underway -
and new reforms in the police department," Zdrodowski
said.
AP PHoTO
Anne Klanka works with kindergartners at Lansing's YMCA Child Care Center
yesterday.
FRATERN ITI ES
Continued from Page 2.
director of Theta Chi, said the president of the campus
chapter, Wesley Cornwell, has been cooperative. He
added that Cornwell was given a deadline of 4:30 p.m.
today to turn in a complete report of the house's events
this past weekend. After Theta Chi's headquarters reviews
the report, the risk management and standards committee
will make a recommendation about the campus' charter.
Westol added that the committee can make a sugges-
tion to revoke the charter, but members of the fraternity
have the opportunity to hold a show-cause hearing.
At this hearing, members would show why the charter
should not be revoked.
Both Theta Chi and Sigma Nu have set goals to be
alcohol-free fraternities. Westol said Theta Chi set a time-
line to make all of its 144 active chapters alcohol free by
July 2003. Currently, five of the 144 are alcohol free.
Westol added that because Theta Chi has some men who
join for social reasons, making the fraternity alcohol free
would filter out individuals who join Theta Chi for the
wrong reasons and change the culture of the chapter. "If
they knew it was alcohol free, they wouldn't join," he said.
By the fall of 2000, Beacham said the Sigma Nu fra-
ternity should be alcohol free. Out of 204 active Sigma
Nu chapters, Beacham said 150 of those have houses and
70 of them are alcohol free.
- Daily Staff Reporter Adam Cohen contributed to
this report.
GOP
Continued from Page i
Influence was flowing to Livingston,
who chairs the Appropriations
Committee and was elected last Tuesday
to his 1Ith full term. Cox announced his
decision on ABC's Good Morning
America, then wrote a letter to fellow
Republican lawmakers, saying
Livingston "deserves our unanimous
support as he takes on this daunting chal-
lenge."
The maneuvering continued in the
House while in the Senate, any threat of
a challenge to Majority Leader Trent Lott
(R-Miss.) disappeared during the day.
Sen. Don Nickles (R-Okla.), the GOP
whip, was sending a letter to colleagues,
saying he will seek a second term as sec-
ond-in-command.
Livingston, as a veteran of the House
Appropriations Committee, has spent a
career making deals with lawmakers of
both parties to build support for legisla-
tion. While solidly conservative - he is
firmly opposed to abortion, for example
- he bristled at several points over the
last few years when other conservatives
wanted to use the spending bills that
came out of his committee to carry con-
troversial amendments dealing with
social issues.
Normally genial - on one recent day
he lingered to explain details of a diet that
has enabled him to shed several pounds
- Livingston also has occasional out-
bursts of temper. Past targets of his anger
say it passes quickly.
One GOP source, who spoke on
condition of anonymity, said
Livingston has been assuring senior
committee chairs that he will not
resort to the numerous task forces
that Gingrich created to oversee the
drafting of legislation - an approach
that eroded the role of chairs.
Livingston is also very much a man
of the House, unabashedly supporting
past pay raises for members of Congress,
for example, even though the issue
makes fellow lawmakers squirm.
He had been on the verge of
announcing plans to retire earlier this
year when he decided .4the last moment
to seek one more term. He said at the
time that he wanted to be ready to run for
speaker if Gingrich stepped down to
campaign for president.
If Livingston seemed secure as the
new speaker, there was intense jockeying
for other leadership positions.
NIKE
Continued from Page 1
setting up their own monitoring processes," said Vada Manager,
a spokesperson for Nike.
The FLA also will make agreements and compile data.
Complaints from workers will be routed through FLA, which
will mediate the complaints and monitor the company's
response, he added.
"Companies will still be responsible for their own internal
monitoring," Manager said.
The companies can rest easy in the knowledge that the com-
plaints are being handled, Manager said. People can consume
these goods knowing they were produced under fair conditions.
These goods include many University T-shirts, sweatshirts
and jackets.
"College apparel shouldn't be made in sweatshops," U.S.
Labor Secretary Alexis Herman said ina teleconference Oct. 5.
Joel Seguine, an information officer for the University, said
the University of Michigan is one of many universities follow-
ing the example of Notre Dame University and Duke University
in creating a code of conduct for its apparel manufacturers.
"The University is very serious about making sure that appar-
el that bears its logo is not made in sweatshops," Seguine said.
He said the University supports AIP's efforts but is working
with its licensing contractor to come up with a code of its own.
Nike and other manufactures already have codes of their
own, he added. Nike's fulfillment of its current obligations will
be a highly debated issue during the Athletic Department's con-
tract review with Nike in 2000, Seguine said.
The AIP agreement also mandates publicly available reports
detailing the conditions of the factories and for the AIP to edu-
cate workers of their rights.
He referred to the situation in Indonesia when Nike hiked
wages in April and October - a total increase of 40 percent.
Currently, only eight companies are signed to implement
this code of conduct and monitoring system. Among them are
Nike, Liz Claiborne, L.L. Bean and Reebok International Ltd.
"We have created the foundation," said Roberta Karp, a
spokesperson for Liz Claiborne.
Karp added that she feels the agreement is receiving nega-
tive attention and could drive businesses away from joining.
Many human igt
agreement. But t
Responsibility did no
"We feel that the
David Schilling, dire
Interfaith Center.
- Daily Staff
hts groups within the AlP also signed the
he Interfaith Center for Corporate
t support it.
agreement doesn't go far enough," said
vtor of global corporate accountability for
Reporter Mike Spahn contributed to this
report.
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