De icits:
By CECILIA DELAVE
The federal government's deficit has been a major issue
in this year's presidential campaign, and each candidate
offers a plan to decrease the deficit by controlling the
budget.
The controversy, however, stems from the difference in
the Republican and Democratic plans.
PROPONENTS OF social spending say government is
increasing defense spending while cutting social programs,
like Social Security, in an effort to reduce the deficit.
Electio 0
They fear that continued increases in defense spending
will cut social spending to a bare minimum.
But the Republicans assert that recent cuts in social
programs are not unhealthy and claim the deficit will be
reduced through economic growth, not unnecessary cuts.
That growth is supposed to come from the administration's
plan for tax incentives, across-the-board tax cuts and effor-
ts to continue to reduce the rate of inflation.
ACCORDING TO THE Reagan plan, reducing the rate of
inflation would mean greater spending power for con-
sumers, and economic growth would lead to an increased
Key issue
in
'84
Dollars for (social) programs have not been taken away to be spent
on defense; they've actually been increasing for a long time.''
-Richard Czuba Michigan Republican Party Volunteer
national income and Gross National Product. The end
result would be to create less need for government, thereby
cutting the budget and reducing the deficit.
The Reagan administration has already made what is
said were necessary cuts in the budget.
According to the Republican Party platform, President
Reagan has helped lower the deficit by curbing the ex-
cessive growth in federal programs for the truly needy. In
addition, Republicans say they have tightened overly-broad
qualifications for participants in these programs and
restructured overly-generous cost-of-living adjustments to
make them efficient. Payments of welfare-type benefits to
those who ought to be self-supportive have been curbed.
ONE PROGRAM affected by the cut is educational
benefits from Social Security. Lynn Borset, of the Univer-
sity's Office of Financial Aid, explained what these cuts
mean. "The problem was the deficit," said Borset.
The government thought that educational funding coming
from Social Security was duplicating existing programs
such as Guaranteed Student Loans and Work Study.
"The government had to cut expenditures to maintain the
health of the Social Security system," Borset said, in order
to continue the rest of the programs funded by Social
Security.
Reagan supporters point out that increases in defense
spending have not led to reductions in the share of the
budget devoted to social programs.
"DOLLARS FOR these programs have not been taken
away to be spent on defense," said Richard Czuba, a volun-
teer at the Michigan Republican headquarters. "They've
actually been increasing for a long time."
The share of the budget which goes toward defense has
decreased over the last 30 years. During the Eisenhower
and Kennedy administrations, money for defense con-
sumed 53 percent of the budget. Presently it accounts for
26.4 percent. Forty-three percent of the budget was then
used for social spending while today it is 54 percent. The
yearly defense budget has risen 300 percent since the
Eisenhower administration while social spending has gone
up 1300 percent.
Democrats defend a program which includes tax in-
creases and cuts in defense. Democratic presidential can-
didate Walter Mondale, while arguing that a strong sensible
defense is necessary to protect American interests, would
election
reduce the rate of increase in defense spending.
UNIVERSITY Prof. Abramo Organski said "the slowing
down of the rate of increase can cut 25, 30, 40 billion dollars
out of the (existing) budget ... (and) would be a substantial
savings." Besides cuts in defense, Mondale proposes to
reduce the deficit by raising taxes. According to Terry
Ware, from Michigan Republican headquarters, "for every
three dollar and fifty cent increase in taxes, Mondale would
cut defense one dollar."
Organski explained that it would not be possible to get the
political coalition in Washington to cut the budget and
return to the $165 billion dollar budget of four years ago. "I
do not think politically or any other way the budget could
now be reduced beyond the 20, 30 billion dollar mark," he
said.
Democrats argue that the present administration's cuts
in some areas have been too severe and detrimental to the
health of the nation. They also charge Republicans with ex-
cessive military spending.
REPUBLICANS AND Democrats debate the philosophy
that national strength depends greatly on large military
expenditures.
According to Organski, "the United States is twice as
strong as the Soviet Union but that judgement includes not
only military power but economic power, established
relationships with the world, it includes a lot of factors." A
combination of factors must be taken into account, he em-
phasized.
-See CANDIDATES, Page 2
Ninety-five Years L i~1~ai1 Better
Of aesSunny and warmer with a high
Editorial Freedom 9 Arbi ign yb 4 6E P
Vol. XCV, No. 52 Copyright 1984, The Michigan Daily Ann Arbor, Michigan -Sunday, November 4, 1984 Fifteen Cents Eight Pages
Fear of
violence
pervades
Gandhi
funeral
From AP and UPI
NEW DELHI, India - The flower-
draped body of slain Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi was set aflame by her
weeping son yesterday and consumed
by swirling flames in a ritual Hindu
ceremony watched by hundreds of
thousands of mourners chanting "Gan-
dhi, Gandhi, Gandhi immortal."
Wrapped in a scarlet and gold ari and
surrounded by red and white flowers, the
body of "Mother India," who
dominated the political life of the
world's most populous democracy for
nearly 20 years, was reduced to ashes in
about two hours.
THE ASHES will be gathered today
to be scattered later over parts of the
land of 720 million.
The final rites were conducted by
family priest Pandit Girdharilal
Goswamin, who performed the same
service for her younger son, Sanjay, af-
-ter his death in the crash of a stunt
plane four years ago and for her father,
Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime
minister, in 1964.
Gandhi's body was borne through the
streets of New Delhi to the grassy Shan-
ti Vana - woodland of peace - on a
flower-bedecked gun carriage pulled by
a military truck. Solemn drum beats
sounded as the procession moved
slowly down seven miles of dusty New
Delhi streets.
IN SMOLDERING cities across In-
dia, the death toll passed 1,000 in four
days of anti-Sikh rioting that erupted
after Prime Minister Gandhi was
assassinated by her Sikh security guar-
ds, according to police and Indian news
media reports. Hundreds of Sikhs were
massacred in one New Delhi district
alone.
Between 200 and 350 men, women and
children - mostly Sikhs - were
massacred in a single 30-hour onslaught
on a poor New Delhi neighborhood,
news reports said.
Authorities feared that the violence,
the worst since India's independence in
1947, would flare again and Hindus
would continue attacks against mem-
bers of the Sikh faith to avenge the Michigan's Tria
See DIGNITARIES, Page 3 the third quarte
Wolverines lost
TODAY-
Boilermakers deliver
Boilers
blast past
4 M'
31-29
Loss leaves Blue
bowl hopes pit-iful
By PAUL HELGREN
Special to the Daily
WEST LAFAYETTE - The
precarious strings of optimism woven
by Michigan in last Saturday's victory
over Illinois were decisively severed by
a precision Purdue passing attack in
Ross-Ade Stadium yesterday.
Boilermaker quarterback Jim
Everett lacerated the Wolverines'
defense in the first half, hitting on 14-17
passes for 170 yards and spotting his
team to a 24-0 lead. The final score
read, Purdue 31, Michigan 29, but
Michigan's fourth-quarter rush was
more of a face-saver than a game-
saver.
THE LOSS DROPPED Michigan to 5-
4, 4-3 in the Big Ten. Faint dreams of a
league championship or bid from a
major bowl slipped away before 60,159
witnesses, including representatives
from the Liberty, Holiday, Citrus, Hall
of Fame and Peach Bowls. It would
seem that the Wolverines' final post-
season hopes lie in Pontiac, but even a
Cherry Bowl berth is probably con-
tingent upon Michigan victories in its
final two games over Minnesota and
Ohio State.
Purdue's fortunes, however, are on
the rise. Leon Burtnett's club owns a 6-3
record and is 5-2 in the conference, a
half game behind Big Ten leader Iowa,
which tied Wisconsin yesterday. And
with three wins over traditional
powerhouses, Burtnett feels the
Boilermakers should be assured a bowl
berth no matter what happens in their
final games versus Wisconsin and In-
diana.
"Any team that beats Notre Dame,
Ohio State and Michigan deserves to go
to a bowl somewhere," Burtnett said.
"We're an exciting football team and
we have one of the best quarterbacks in
the country."
BURTNETT'S EXULTATION over
Everett was not mere bravado. The 6-5
junior, who had what Burtnett called
"the best first half I've ever seen in all
my years in football," was indeed scin-
tillating. He had completion strings of
10 and eight passes, and threw for 290
yards and two touchdowns.
"Everett is one of the hottest passers
we've come across in a long time,"
commented Bo Schembechler.
SAID MICHIGAN quarterback Chris
Zurbrugg, who himself tossed 259 yards
and four touchdowns on 21-30 through
the air, "That was a precision passing
job."
The ease with which Everett was able
to pick apart the Wolverine's secondary
surprised him. Often working out of the
shotgun, Everett fired a steady barrage
of short and medium-range missiles in-
to enemy territory.
"I really was (surprised)," Everett
said. "From the films I saw, Michigan
had been doing a great job of covering
the pass and they had been putting a lot
of pressure on the quarterback."
BUT YESTERDAY was a different
story as Everett had plenty of time to
find his receivers, who were often wide
open.
And when Everett was not right on
target, his receivers made nifty grabs.
Most notable was Steve Griffin, who
hauled in six aerials for 112 yards. Four
of those receptions came in the first
half when Purdue piled up its huge lead.
The opening 30 minutes was the most
lopsided affair of Schembechler's
career. Purdue garnered 286 yards and
See DEFENSE, Page 8
Daily Photo by DAN HABIB
ando Markray reaches in vain as Purdue defender Don Anderson eyes what became an interception in
r of yesterday's game. Markray grabbed one touchdown pass in Michigan's fourth quarter rally, but the
31-29.
new equipment will be able to produce up to 220,000 pounds
of steam per hour to help produce heat and electricity for
the University.
Vote for experience
CANDIDATE ROGER Grove says his best qualification
for Seneca County, Ohio sheriff are the days he spent in
been in. "I know most of them in Seneca County ... Troube
has followed me. "I've been in enough jails that I know I'd
be a good sheriff. I've never been on that side of the fence,
but I can relate to it more."
Political plates
"People would come up to us just to tell us how much they
liked him. I guess they thought we were related to him,"
Reagan said. Reagan has had the plate since 1977, long
before President Reagan was elected. He's quick to point
out that his choice in license plates is personal, not political,
and he won't disclose who he is voting for in Tuesday's elec-
tion. " ... I'm a registered independent. I'm safe that
way," he said.
fl ho inriAn
l
I
i
I