The Michigan Daily - Tuesday, March 6, 1984 - Page 5
Lebanon's factions try
to resolve differences
BEIRUT, Lebanon (AP) - After
four months of negotiating and fighting,
Lebanon's factions have removed the
first obstacle to reconciling their dif-
ferences. Now they must heal the
divisions and hatreds that have mired
Lebanon in nine years of civil war.
;With the announcement yesterday
that it was cancelling its troop with-
drPwal pact with Israel, the gover-
ment of President Amin Gemayel has
opened the way for resumption of the
"stational reconciliation talks" that
fopndered last year on Syria's objec-
tions to the Israeli-Lebanese pact.
NOW THE leaders of Lebanon's
arring factions are ready to go back to
S;tzerland to try and settle their own dif-
ferences.
For although Lebanon has been
caught up in the conflict between Syria
and Israel, and even that between the
United States and the Soviet Union, the
roots of this tiny country's civil war are
ii its own special and religious
inequalities.
in part, the fight that began with the
1i75-76 civil war was motivated by a,
desire among the nation's Moslems to
remove the minority Christians from
the position of political dominance they
hiAe held since Lebanon's founding in
1943.
iASED ON the last national census
-?taken in 1932 by the French who then
ruled Lebanon and were the Christians'
allies - an unwritten agreement was
reached to give Christians a greater
share of power to match what was
thought to be their percentage of the
population.
Since 1943, the impoverished Shiite
Moslems have become the largest
single religious sect, estimated at about
45 percent of Lebanon's people.
THE ANCIENT enmity of the
minority Druse toward the Christians
has been exacerbated as the Christians
have maneuvered to stay in power an-
d preserve their ties to the West.
Thus the outbreak of war last Sep-
tember began with Shiite Moslem
militiamen fighting the army of the
Christian-dominated government, and
Druse militiamen battling right-wing
Christianimilitas. The three-week war
ended with a cease-fire Sept. 26.
Though it formally held for months,
it was violated almost daily. It took more
than a month for leaders of the various
factions to agree to meet in Geneva,
Switzerland.
Two agreements were reached. First,
that Lebanon was "Arab" in character.
Second, that President Gemayel was to
try to work out an alternative to the
May 17 agreement for withdrawal of
Israeli troops in exchange for security
guarantees for Israel's northern bor-
der.
Seven men
accused of
MSU rape
back in
court
LANSING - Seven young men
accused of gang raping a Michigan
State University student in the fall of
1982 will be back in court facing
reduced charges of third-degree
criminal sexual conduct.
The trial is scheduled to start with
jury selection at Ingham County Circuit
Court in Mason.
THE ALLEGED rape occured at a
dormitory party in November 1982. The
alleged victim was a 17-year-old MSU
freshman at the time.
Six of her alleged assailants were
MSU students, one of them a counselor.
The seventh attended Ferris State
College.
Third-degree criminal sexual con-
duct carries a maximum penalty of 15
years in prison, compared to life for fir-
stadegree criminal sexual conduct.
EAST LANSING District Judge
Daniel Tschirhart threw out first-
degree criminal sexual conduct
charges against the seven following a
tumultuous hearing, noting the young
woman had not sought help during the
incident nor tried to escape when she
had an opportunity.
Tschirhart called her testimony "in-
credible."
IN ORDERING the men tried on
reduced charges, Giddings criticized
the emphasis placed by Tschirhart on
the woman's alleged failure to resist.
Giddings said "because the actions of
this 17-year-old university freshman
differed from the carefully considered
conduct one might expect of 4
magistrate under the circumstances..
the alleged victim's version as to what
occurred must therefore be 'in-
credible."'
The Supreme Court ruled yesterday that Nativity scenes
stitutionally required separation of church and state. The de
court okay
From AP and UPI
WASHINGTON - Communities nationwide may put Christ
in Christmas by including Nativity scenes in officially spon-
sored holiday displays, the Supreme Court said yesterday.
The court tuled 5-4 that Pawtucket, R.I. did not violate the
constitutionally required separation of church and state
when it included a scene depicting the biblical version of
Jesus Christ's birth among its annual Christmas decorations.
TWO LOWER courts had struck down the city's 40-year
tradition of displaying the scene.
The Constitution does not require "complete separation of
church and state," Chief Justice Warren Burger wrote for
the majority.
Burger said Nativity scenes - at least when included
along with depictions of Santa Claus, reindeer, snowmen and
AP Photo
like this one in Pawtucket, R.I., do not violate the con-
cision overturned a previous 1981 verdict.
is Nativity scenes
iGemayel abrogates pact
the like - are no more unconstitutional than printing "In God
We Trust" on U.S. currency, reciting "One Nation Under
God" in the Pledge of Allegiance to the American flag, or
displaying religious paintings in government museums.
"TO FORBID the use of this one passive symbol - the
creche . . . would be a stilted over-reaction contrary to our
history and to our holdings," Burger added.
The justices reversed a lower court ruling that banned in-
clusion of a nativity scene in a city Christmas display in
downtown Pawtucket. The display was challenged by a tax-
payer's group and the American Civil Liberties Union.
Burt Neuborne, legal director for the ACLU, called the
decision "part of an obvious movement by the court towards a
more sympathetic view of government involvement in
religion.'
(Continued from Page 1)
noeessary steps toward security
arrangements that would ensure
sovereignty, security and stability in
southern Lebanon, prevent infiltration
aeross the southern border and bring
about the withdrawal of Israeli forces
from all Lebanese territory," the
Cabinet's statement said.
IN JERUSALEM, Israeli Prime
Minister Yitzhak Shamir condemned
the abrogation of the accord as a
"death sentence to Lebanese indepen-
dfnce and sovereignty" and vowed
Israel would decide "the best ways" to
guard against terrorism in southern
Lebanon.
fin Washington, White House
spokesman Larry Speakes said, "We
regret the decision by the government
of Lebanon."
The cancellation represented a major
setback for U.S. policy in Lebanon. But
Speakes said the United States "does
not intend to abandon" the Lebanese
and will continue diplomatic efforts in
the region.
Mneimne said the Cabinet considered
the U.S.-mediated accord, which was
never ratified, "void as if it never
existed and agreed to the cancellation
of everything depending on it."
Syrian president Hafezl Assad called
Gemayel by telephone from Damascus
and congratulated him,
Jackson comes to campaign in state
(Continued from Page 1)
rally at Saginaw High School.
In Flint, Jackson planned to visit a get-
out-the-vote office and receive a key to
the city. It was not immediately clear
Hart still a 'darkhorse'
(Continued from Page 1)
revised his schedule to devote most of
the next three days to the region.
One of the commercials opens with
the comment, "Some 'people say the
South isn't ready for change," and then
moves to one of Hart's favorite themes
that this is a time for change
requiring new leadership, according to
Hart spokeswoman Kathy Bushkin.
IN WASHINGTON, Hart's campaign
director, Oliver Henkel, was asked
whether the Colorado senator now leads
the pack. "I don't think we are the
front-runner by any stretch of the
imagination," he said.
Henkel said Hart will campaign
mainly in Massachusetts, Georgia,
Alabama, and Florida during the next
10 days, although stops in Wyoming
and Oklahoma also are scheduled.
Besides the Maine scalp, Hart had
another encouragement in Boston - a
new Boston Globe pollshowing him
leading Mondale 41 percent to 29 per-
cent in the Massachusetts primary. In
January, Hart had 3 percent in the same
newspaper's poll. '
THE POLL was based on telephone
interviews with 611 Democrats and in-
dependents over four days, beginning
last Wednesday, the day after the New
Hampshire primary.
whether the key would be presented by
Mayor James Sharp. Jackson backers
believe Sharp's recent election resulted
from a visit by their candidate.
JACKSON planned to wind up the day
with a 6 p.m. rally at Pontiac Central
High School and an 8 p.m. rally in
Detroit.
Riddle said Mondale's failures in
New Hampshire and Maine will result
in many people "moving into our camp."
"I think we're in position to surprise a
lot of people in the State of Michigan in
our target cities" such as Detroit, Flin-
t, Lansing and Grand Rapids, he said.
"I know if we get a turnout, that
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largest political upsets of the season"
Riddle said.
Jackson backers said their candidate
may return to Michigan at least once
more before the March 17 cuacuses.
Meese 's money ties probed
co
0
(Continued from Page 1)
were made, McKean was named to the
U.S. Postal Service Board of Gover-
nors.
Metzenbaum also said Thomas
Barrack, a California developer and
rancher, would be asked about a deal he
arranged in 1982 to help Meese sell the
La Mesa home to Howard.
IN 1983, President Reagan named
Barrack an assistant secretary of the
interior. He was later nominated to a
higher position at the Commerce
Department but withdrew from con-
Sdrtion without explanation.
b S=d
Metzebaumargues the answers
about his finances bear on whether
Meese, who was chief of staff of
Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign,
can function as an independent attor-
ney general.
Meese was suffering heavy financial
problems in 1981 and 1982 because of
trouble selling his California house
gim m
while paying on his new $300,000 home
in McLean, Va. He missed paying up to
15 months of house payments.
The loan from McKean helped tide
Meese over his financial problems, but
Metzenbaum has questioned the
propriety of the help because Meese
missed paying interest on the loan for
more than two years.
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