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Page Two
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Constitutional change blasted in India w
NEW DELHI, India (AP) -
Charging that Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi is trying to make
permanent her present authori-
tarian rule, non-Communist op-
position parties are mounting
a last-ditch campaign to block
her plans to amend the Indian
constitution.
But with the government en-
joying a two-thirds majority in
both houses of parliament,
Gandhi is expected to have her
way easily when the amend-
ments come up for debate later
this month.
ALTHOUGH the government's
final proposals have not been
announced, officials of the rul-
ing Congress party who have
studied the issue since March
have repeatedly stressed that
the thrust of the constitutional
amendments would be to en-
sure the "supremacy of Parlia-
ment."
At the samte time, the offi-
cials have said, the powers of
the courts would be restricted
to limit the chances of the ju-
diciary branch overturning leg-
islation passed by Parliament.
According to one proposal un-
der consideration, there would
be a flat ban on the courts
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reviewing constitutional amend-
ments in the future. The courts
would be allowed to consider
the validity of ordinary legis-
lation, but decisions by the judg-
es would have to be by a two-
thirds majority, instead of a
simple majority as at present.
THE CONGRESS PARTY has
argued that the constitutional
changes are necessary "to re-
move hurdles and pave the way
for rapid and far-reaching eco-
nomic changes." But an oppo-
sition-backed committee that in-
cludes representatives of non-
Communist parties and leading
jurists has taken a different
view.
"The committee has no doubt
that the claim made by the rul-
ing party that the constitution-
al changes proposed by it are
necessary for achieving socio-
economic objectives is nothing
but a cover for achieving whol-
ly different objectives," the op-
position members said in a
statement released Sunday
night.
"It is clear to the committee
that the drastic changes in the
constitution which are being pro-
posed by the ruling party are
for the purpose of institutional-
izing the present emergency on
a permanent basis and for es-
tablishing an authoritative poli-
cy in the country."
THE STATEMENT also con-
tended that the ruling party's
proposals would "emasculate
the concept of checks and bal-
ances by seriously diminishing
the scope of judicial review."
Finally, the opposition com-
mittee urged that Parliament
not consider any constitutional
amendments until "fresh elec-
tions have been held under con-
ditions conducive to the holding
of free and fair elections."
The committee argued that
the existing Parliament "has
forfeited its moral and political
authority to amend the consti-
tution" since its regular five-
year term expired last March.
THE PARLIAMENT'S term
was extended for a year when
the Congress party decided to
postpone national elections for
the first time since indepen-
dence, arguing that a poll then
would have ,disrupted attempts
to improve political and econom-
ic conditions in the country.
Gandhi's view is that her
party still has its mandate
from the electorate, based on
the 1971 parliamentary elec-
tions that returned the Congress
party to power with a landslide
two-thirds majority.
The government and the op-
position also differ on whether
there has been sufficient pub-
lic discussion on the constitu-
tional changes.
LAW MINISTER H.R. Gek-
hale said last week he was
"happy over the countrywide
debate." He cited newspaper
articles on the topic and sug-
gestions he said had been re-
ceived from universities, bar
councils and lawyers.
The opposition committee,
however, maintained in its
statement that "no such free
debate has been allowed by the
government."
Bridge on The move
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slides into position at approach at right after being moved 155
feet from the approach at left where it was built, two years
ago. The bridge moved at a speed of 0.03 inches per second
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