Page 4-Wednesday, January 25, 1978-The Michigan Daily
LA TEST U. S. MO VES IN EASTERN EUROPE:
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Eighty-Eight Years of Editorial Freedomll
420Maynard St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Vol. LXXXVIII, No. 95 News Phone: 764-0552
Edited and managed by students at the University of Michigan
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AF1 U.U. . MAR 1tKj SI IS P II4AaEY 46N9" 86 eDCFA / 6
Can Hungary win new trade
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By JACK W. LESSENBERRY JR.
Hungary probably won't be granted nor-
mal tariff status by the United States in the
near future, according to two Eastern
European scholars at the University of Michi-
gan.
Professors Zvi Y. Gitelman and Morris
Bornstein both doubted that Hungary would
comply with the Jackson amendment suf-
ficiently to be granted most-favored nation
(MFN) tariff rates.
THE JACKSON AMENDMENT was an
addition made to a trade bill in 1975 by
Senator Henry M. Jackson (D-Wash.). It
specified that the Soviet Union must permit a
certain percentage of Jews and others who
wished to emigrate to leave the country
before MFN status could be granted. Al-
though the U.S.S.R. has never complied with
its terms, the Jackson amendment has since
been used as a standard for other nations as
well.
There has been considerable speculation
that the United States and Hungary would
soon negotiate a trade agreement granting
Hungary MFN rights. Earlier this month, the
Carter administration announced the return
to Hungary of its crown jewels, which the U.S.
has held since the end of World War II. The
announcement climaxed several months of
steadily improving relations between the
United States and Hungary. During this time,
a cultural and scientific agreement was con-
cluded.
American officials were also impressed by
Hungary's willingness to let evangelist Billy
Graham make a week's tour of the country in
September. Observers felt this would prob-
ably have been impossible earlier.
THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION has
not proclaimed a distinct policy towards
Eastern Europe, although it seems to want to
try and improve ties with some of the Eastern
European nations.
Poland and Romania are the only Eastern
European countries that have MFN status.
Our current policy is not to grant it to other
nations unless they "make at least some ges-
ture or statement" indicating they intefd to
comply with the Jackson amendment, ac-
cording to Morris Bornstein, professor of
Economics?
. Full compliance, Bornstein added, was not
immediately expected.
"BUT HUNGARY will not even pay lip-
service to (the Jackson amendment)" Born-
stein said, "because they don't feel they can
lead the Soviet Union on this matter." Hun-
gary has followed Soviet policy without ex-
ception since the failure of a revolt there in
1956.
Gitelman, a political scientist, said he
trade. The refusal to grant MFN status ha
mostly been a way of discriminating agains
Communist governments.
Recent studies have indicated that grant-
ing of MFN rights to Hungary and other
Eastern European countries would both in-
crease trade and help lower the United States'
unfavorable trade balance. It is expected that
exports to Eastern Europe would continue to
far outstrip imports from these countries,
although the latter would increase too.
ONE ESTIMATE indicated that in 1975
U.S. imports from Hungary, which totalled
about $34 million, would have been $63 million
Unless Hungary shows at least a
token of compliance with the Jack-
son amendment, acknowledging
emigration rights for minorities, the
East European country is unlikely
to receive improved
with the U.S.
trade status
Q
41 Ib,
doubted whether the current drive to improve
relations with Hungary was a well-planned or
well-coordinated effort, "Someone probably
just had a bright idea and it was more or less
haphazardly pursued," Gitelman said.
American diplomats have to desire to fight
either Russia or Hungary over the issue, said
Gitelman. "Almost anything either nation
would do in a minimal way, would be accept-
able - some token compliance with the Jack-
son amendment."
EMIGRATION RIGHTS for minority
groups would not seem to present a major
threat to Hungary. Almost all of the 10 million
inhabitants are ethnic Hungarians. Only
50,000-70,000 Jews remain in the country. And
more than 400,000 Hungarians were permitted
to travel abroad in 1975 - 10,000 of whom did
not return.
Most-favored nation terms are actually
not the best tariff provisions the United States
offers. Most of her allies have better terms of
had MFN privileges been granted the coun-
try.
Our chief imports from Hungary hav
been mainly articles of clothing and a numbei
of agricultural products, notably bir
feathers. A considerable number of electri(
light bulbs also are imported.
Hungary buys a lot of technology an
capital goods from the West. More than 46 pe
cent of her foreign trade was with Western in
dustrialized countries in 1975, the' last ful
year for which statistics are available.
Among Western nations, only the Unite
States has still refused to grant the equivalen
of MFN tariff rates to Hungary and the othe
Eastern bloc nations.
Jack W. Lessenberry Jr. is a graduatE
student in the Department of Journalisi
who has a background in Russian anc
East European History and has travelle6
in Eastern Europe.
.. ticiGaait ffi'" f'i'r
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Of politicians and whores
THERE HAVE BEEN a lot of barbs
leveled at President Carter since
he hastened the firing of the U.S. At-
torney in Philadelphia, David Marston,
but none so well-honed as the remarks
of the former U.S. Attorney in Detroit,
Philip Van Dam.
"It just proves that Jimmy Carter is
a political whore," Van Dam told The
Daily in a recent interview; His views
carry a reasonable degree of credibil-
ity, considering Van Dam suffered a
fate similar to that of Marston.
The Detroit-area U.S. Attorney, a
Republican, was appointed by Presi-
dent Ford. Like Marston, Van Dam was
relieved of his position by Carter with
no official explanation.'
The basis for both firings, of course,
was purely political.
The difference between the two inci-
dents was timing. Carter ousted Van
Dam in the first days of his admini-
stration, and although the attorney did
not, leave without creating a small
racket, onlookers suggested that such
actions by a incoming President were
routine.
The Carter campaign promise to re-
move politics from law-enforcement
appointments like those of U.S. Attor-
neys was, in those early weeks, hope-
lessly buried under more pressing
pledges.
The Marston firing comes at a time
of widespread disenchantment with
Carter's Presidential record, and amid
growing skepticism of the man's
honesty. Indeed, the Philadelphia case
not only reeks of old-timey political
patronage - breaking Carter's cam-
paign promise - it may qualify as an
authentic obstruction of justice.
The debate now is whether Carter
was aware he played a role in such ob-
struction. The story goes that Pennsyl-
vania Congressman Joshua Eilberg, a
Democrat, gave the President a call
early last November and told Carter
that Republican Marston had yet to be
replaced with a loyal Democrat. Attor-
ney General Griffin Bell was notified by
the President to effect a replacement.
*None of the higher-ups knew at the
time, they claim,. that Attorney Mar-
ston was investigating Eilberg and an-
other Democrat, Representative Daniel
Flood, for certain alleged improprie-
ties, which in fact was the case.
Did anyone know of the investiga-
tions at the time Marston's removal
was "expedited"? Carter,-Eilberg Bell
and others in the Justice Department
shake their heads with widened eyes at
such an accusation, but their actual
statements on the subject have been far
from convincing. The truth about the
Marston firing will not be exposed
without the proper investigations by the
appropriate groups: the House Ethics
Committee and the Senate Judiciary
Committee. The Justice Department
has reportedly already begun an inves-
tigation into the nature of Eilberg's
telephone appeal to the President. Con-
gress should waste no time in starting
their own inquiries.
Is Jimmy Carter a "political
whore," as former U.S. Attorney Van
Dam charges?
Well, for someone who was stamped
"inexperienced," and "politically
naive" upon arrival in Washington just
a year ago, Carter has sure learned how
to turn tricks fast.
a
Letters to
The Daily
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library speaks
To The Daily:
On January 17, 1978, a letter
was printed in this space from the
Organizing Committee for
Clericals which mentioned a UM
Staff Library Association. As the
officers of the University of
Michigan Library Staff
Association, we would like to
state that our organization has no
connection with the group men-
tioned in that letter or their ac-
tivities.
We are an independent, non-
profit organization composed of
clerical and professional library
staff members. Our organization
has no connection with the
University Library
asministration. Our regular
meetings are held once a month
during the lunch hour, usually at
the Michigan League. Meetings,
which are open to the public, of-
fer programs of general interest
such as a talk on the collection of
the University of Michigan
Museum of Art or on recreational
facilities.
-University of Michigan
Library Staff
Association
Gene Regenstreif,
President
Barbara Kemp,
Vice President
Elaine Friedman,
Secretary
Robert Houbeck,
Treasurer
a natural
disagreement
To The Daily:
Rep. Carl Pursell met with th
students at Tappan School in Ann
Arbor recently. According to one
newspaper report, "Pursell said
he opposed the President's
energy bill because it does not
stress the developing new sour-
ces (sic) of energy within the U.S.
and includes punitive taxes on
gasoline and home heating iol."
Some amplification is in order.
President Carter did indeed
ask for a domestic well head tax
to eventually bring the price of
domestic oil up to world prices.
He believes that by making the
cost of energy-higher we will be
more likely to conserve. I ap-
.,1- fh f ori -.v n nkn
Okla.) amendment was defeated
in the House 198-223. Had Pursell
and his friends had their way, a
sizeable portion of the well head
tax would have been given to the
oil producers rather than rebated
to all of us. That was the purpose
of the amendment.
Carter also wants to keep some
regulation of the prices for
natural gas although his program
does call for substantial in-
creases in the ceilings. Pursell
and the others voted on August 3,
1977 to deregulate the prica of
natural gas. The amendmentlost
199-227. Had it passed the price
we pay for natural gas would
have sky-rocketed. Pursell in
my opinion misleads us when he
decries the "punitive" Carter
approach.
In Pursell's 1976 election cam-
paign he received sizeable con-
tributions from the political ac-
tion committees of AMOCO,
SOHIO, and TEXACO. I am sure
they appreciate his energy votes.'l
-Edward C. Pierce
Ann Arbor
ro misquote
To The Daily:
Since Dr. Alexander has
claimed (Daily, 8 January) that
we (Daily, 29 November)
misquoted his views on the
sociobiology of rape, we have
checked again with several
members of his class. We stand
by our orginal statement as being
correst.
Furthermore, quibbling over
exactly how rape and resisitance
to it has been selected for, is
merelyanother example of how
sociobologists, without r any
evidence at all, speculate abou
human social phenomena using
purely genetic explanations.
Dr. Alexander seems to fee
that because we attacr
sociobiology we are opposed t<
"an evolutionary view of humar
behavior". Nothing could be fur
ther from the truth. Rather our
view includes a much broader
spectrum of evolutionary
processes-cultural, political,
social, and economic, as well as
biological. By this view, human
history is not merely a process of
natural selection acting on our
genes, but instead the result of
humans actively creating their
own future.
-Sociobiology Study
Group, Ann Arbor
Science for the People
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- Health Service Handbook-
By SYLVIA HACKER
and NANCY PALCHIK
QUESTION: What causes menstrual cramps?
Why does the body need more fluid during men-
struation?
ANSWER: We consulted Dr. Anna Davol on
this and she furnished some of the basic facts for
us to offer you.
Menstrual cramps are considered to be a sign
of ovulation and vary in severity among different
women or even for any particular woman from
month to month. They are thought to be related to
one's individual sensitivity to compounds known
as prostaglandins which we all produce. It is not
certain whether the pain is caused by the increase
in these prostaglandins at the onset of menstrua-
tion or whether the muscle wall of the uterus be-
comes more sensitive to such secretions at that
time. What is known is that the level of prostag-
landins is at-a peak when menstruation begins. At
any rate, these compounds cause contraction of
smooth muscle layers throughout the body and,
indeed, such muscle layers are found in the uterus
and digestive system. As a result, in people who
are sensitive to prostaglandin production, the con-
traction of the smooth muscle in the uterus is ex-
perienced as pain. In some women, accompanying
-contraction of the smooth muscle in the intestine
at onset of menstruation, will also cause nausea,
vomiting, or diarrhea. There may also be head-
aches at times.
The high tonus and spasms of the uterine wall,
which cause the pain, can be relieved by use of
drugs which block prostaglandin synthesis. There
are also drugs available which decrease the action
of prostaglandin on smooth muscle. Menstrual
cramps can be effectively treated in many cases
...;f m:lil:nn n- re n --nncmdimaje-
with secondary factors such as inflammation or
growths in the uterus, but these should be evalua-
ted by a physical exam. Corrections of these
secondary conditions will aid in relieving cramps.
A woman's body does not need more fluid to
make up for any lost during menstruation. Pre-
menstrually, her body tends to retain more fluid
and salt than normal,; and about 30 per cent of
menstruating women experience a premenstrual
weight gain of 1 to 3 lbs. Sometimes it is recom-
mended that salt intake be reduced or that a
mild diuretic be taken to improve the fluid re-
tention.
QUESTION: Could you give me some informa-
tion about how one goes about arranging to have
one's organs (e.g., eyes, heart, kidneys) available
as "donations" in case of death? Is there-a central
organization or does one have to contact the heart
Assoc., Kidney Assoc., etc.? What about those
stickers for driver's licenses whicy say "kidney
donor"?
ANSWER: Being convinced that there's noth-
ing one cannot find in the Yellow Pages, lo and
behold, upon consulting this rich resource, we dis-
covered, on the very same page as listings for
Hammond and Lowry organs, a category called
"Organ and Tissue Banks." We called the one lone
listing there, namely the Transplantation Society
of Michigan, and discovered that they coordinate
cadaver transplants of most organs. If you call
them at 973-1577, they will send you what is known
as a uniform donor card on which you can indicate
any organs (expect for your eyes) which you may
wish to donate upon your death. If this card is
signed'by you and witnessed by two people, and
you notify your next of kin of your intentions, you
will have done all you need to in this regard.
For donating your eyes, apparently the eye
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