s1ie Sr it an T
Eighty-two years of editorial freedom
Edited and managed by students at the University of Michigan
Making amends with Native
Americans
420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, Mich.
News Phone: 764-0552
THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 1973
11uition hke hinders education
WITH THE COMING of spring as a
sign, the inevitable financial plan-
ning for next year's budget brings along
the prognostication: Looks like another
tuition raise.
That is the fourth raise this University
has afflicted its student with in four
years. The predictable comment accom-
panying such action is that the powers-
that-be were "forced into it-we had no
choice."
But what of the students (or would-be
students if they had the financial where-
withal)? What is their choice in this sit-
uation?
Tuition hikes are making the realities
of education move farther away from the
idylic notion of the pleasure of learning
and its availability to all.
By law a person is required to go to
school until the age of 16. At that point
of manumission students can supposedly
decide to retain the status of student on
their own volition.
Today's staff:
News: Dan Blugerman, Ted Evanoff, Ter-
ry Martin, Charles Stein, Sue Step-
henson
Editorial Page: Kathleen Ricke, Linda
Rosenthal
Arts Page: Diane Levick
Photo Technician: John Upton
That supposedly free choice is becom-.
ing less so-with no end in sight.
American educators have said that Eu-
rope has quality education and America
has quantity or mass education. If the
proclivity towards expense continues at
the same or apparent accelerating pace,
we won't even have that.
It seems we are progressing towards
attainment of Paul Goodman's educa-
tional elite. The irony is that this is be-
ing accomplished unconsciously. Leading
educators still espouse school for all. The
drop-out is still eschewed by much of
society.
THE MUSHROOMING alterations in the
structure of government funding and
priorities loom large on the scene and
cast an ever-darkening shadow.
Drastic cuts in the amount of money
available for student grants and loans
have hurt all those who need help to at-
tend college. The decreasing funds of
course will go to those who need help
the most, and rightfully so.
But as tuition increases, gifted lower
middle class students may find it in-
creasingly difficult to either meet the
costs themselves or find student aid. If
this country is to continue democratiz-
ing the educational system, more money
is needed, not less.
By SUE STEPHENSON
- HE INDIANS' REQUEST for the
return of ancestral bones pre-
sently owned by the University is
"hardly a local issue," according
to Great Lakes Museum Curator,
Ed Wilmsen.
It is an issue sweeping the na-
tion, a culmination of native Amer-
icans' justified feelings of discrim-
ination.
As always, this issue has two
sides. Anthropologists must be-
come professionally responsible to
the people whose backgrounds they
investigate. They must be sensitive
to people's traditional beliefs and
immediate needs in determining
just what is "equal treatment of all
people." At the same timne, people
should be aware of the redeeming
role that scientific research plays
in the study of animals.
"We're dealing with a very in-
tricate problem,'. Wilmsen says.
"There's an emotional aspect in-
volved," he says, "and it's the
emotional issues that people grab
hold of . . . even if they don't un-
derstand them."
Consequently, Wilmsen says, we
need to deal with this emotionalism
in the most careful terms.
"WE HAVE TO get to the under-
lying root of emotion and deter-
mine what's generating the emo-
tion of the different groups."
Wilmsen savs that basically "the
Indians simply want to be full-
scale citizens . . . and they do not
want to be homogenized in the pro-
cess." And he feels that "having
their burials uncovered and dis-
played as Indians, leaves the Ind-
ians with a feeling of disenfran-
chisement."
This feeling of disenfranchise-
ment is evident in a letter written
by a young Indian woman and pub-
lished in The Ann Arbor News on
March 19.
In the letter entitled "A message
from the dead" Linda Morseau
writes: "You have taken my land
and my freedom. You have tried to
take my religion, my language and
culture; must you, even after death
try to take my spirit? . . . Haven't
you done enough to me while I was
alive? Must you still make me suf-
fer? . . . I am tired and I long
to go home to be with my people.
I long for my spirit to be set free.
I have paid a price to a society I
didn't even owe, and now I long
for rest."
Also, at a recent public hear-
ing with the Regents, Roslyn Mc-
Coy related a story as told by
her great grandfather. This story
also portrays the Indians' feeling
of disenfranchisement.
and said 'These are Jesus Christ,'
and put them on display in a mu-
seum," Wilmsen points out. Even
if they were not, "it's strictly an
emotional issue and all hell'd break
loose," he says.
"But I'm not an Indian, I'm old-
er, and I've had training as an
archeologist and it wouldn't both-
er me to see white people display-
ed. But, "Wilinsen hastily adds,
This is amatter of training and
religious belief."
There are thousands of European
will somehow destroy the study".
"Some anthropologists are really
frightened on a purely profesioual
basis," Wilmsen says. They a r e
frightened of having their nrofes-
sion greatly restricted. ,
And a few anthropologists will go
so far as to say that 'Our ex-
cavations are perfectly legal; we
have the proper permits; the state
of federal statutes defines the lim-
its of our activities; and therefore
the protests are irrelevant."''
"~But," Wilmsen stresses, "peo-
ple (archeologists) are not being
consciously bigot in their handling
of the (Indian) bones. And that's
whathwe have to deal with."
"WE CAN MAKE our scientific
studies and still satisfy the needs
of the people who feel some relig-
ios-social bondawith these mater-
ials, but," he adds, "it will lake
time and it won't be easy."
"Physical anthropologists contri-
bute a great deal to the study of
animals," Wilmsen justifies.
Discussing the scientific value of
the study of bones from prehis-
toric Indian sites, James Griffin,
director and curator of the museum
of anthropology says, "Through the
comparison of morphological fea-
tuires of skeletons, the great pre-
historic earthworks and artistic
achievements in the United States
were demonstrated to be of Ind-
ian origin."
"Currently," Griffin continues,
"the skeletal material is a source
of information about dietary pat-
terns prior to the introduction of
European foods and cooking tech-
niques and the disruption of the
North American environment. In
addition they have been most use-
f'il for understanding and identify-
ing the effects of certain diseases
on the human skeleton."
"Prehistoric skeletal material,"
he ads, "is valuable in assessing
the health and longevity of the peo-
ple of the societies in the differ-
ent cultural stages which the pre-
historic Indians developed in the
state."
"The Indians' claim that it's a
'White man's science' is nonsense,"
Wilmsen says. "People are not en-
agaed in science for the benefit of
White man," he says, "science is
siniplv something they (all t peo-
pl ) think about."
But ntive Americans have been
unjstifiably trod upon far centur-
ies now. Since burial of the dead
is a touichy sutbject for the White
man," the bones issue became one
channel through which Indians
could appeal to the "White Man's"
sensitivity to humankind.
Socially, Indians have every right
to their ancestral bones. Yet, scien-
tificrly, anthropologists havec'ea
need to retain ancient remains -
not only of the Indian culture, but
of all cultures - for scientific re-
senrch benefitting all humankind.
To solve this dichtomy, anthro-
pologists must determine their ac-
tions only after weighing the value
of cultural beliefs and traditions.
Among Indians, bones are consid-
ered a sacred thing, not meant to
be displayed, and only "at peace"
when they have been buried within
Mother earth.
Anthropologists must become sen-
sitive to this belief and act accord-
ingly.
Sue Stephenson is a staff writer
for The, Daily.
"An elderly Indian and an eld-
erly white man enter a restaur-
ant. They each order steak dinners
and proceed to eat them," the
story related. Then the elderly
white man says to the elderly In-
dian, 'If you're hungry, go ahead
and order more.' Whereupon, the
elderly Indian does just that. When.
he has finished the second steak
dinner, the, elderly white man says,
'Sir, I don't know where you get
such an appetite like that but I
sure wish I had it.' And the elder-
ly Indian replies, 'Sir, you have
taken my country, killed the buf-
falo, and now you want my ap-
petite. I have nothing more to give
to you.' "
"If I were an Indian and I saw
an Indian burial on display in a
museum," Wilmsen says, "I'd take
the same view as local Indians."
AND MOST "PEOPLE'D raise
hell if someone took some bones
Doily Photo by ROLFE TESSEM
skeletons on display in museums,
Wilmsen points out. And although
most of the European skeletons are
displayed in Europe with only a
few on display in the United States,
this is simply the result of their his-
torical location.
99 percent of the things display-
ed in this country are Indian in
origin simply because the U.S. is
where the Indians originated, as
Europe is where the Anglo Saxons
originated, "through no fault of
anyone," Wilmsen says.
"THE POINT IS," Wilmsen
says H"the Indian issue that they
are being discriminated against be-
cause of race doesn't hold any wat-
er."
At the other end of the spectrum,
some anthropologists have a deeply
ingrained notion that "These (In-
dian bones) are the objects of our
study and giving them back to the
Indians (to be properly buried)
Letters to The Daily
To The Daily:
THIS IS ABOUT the Michigan
League cafeteria - a University
of Michigan employer. I worked on
the line and in the kitchen for $1 75
an hour, four hours a day. I was
required to put down a dollar de-
posit for a locker key, and to wear
a full length slip (which I didn't
have) and bra under my uniform.
If a worker is one minute late or
punches out one minute early, she
or he gets six minutes deducted
from pay - a fact which wasn't
told to me when I was hired. If
she or he has to stay an extra min-
ute, she or he gets nothing because
no one asked their help.
No meals are free but the less
expensive food is at a twenty per-
cent discount. Some employees are
charged 10 cents an apron. One
full-time woman on the line got
$1.75 too.
A recently hired full time man
implied he earned more but would
not tell because he didn't want to
create bad feelings. The checker,
(hired same time as me) who sits
at the end of the line for an hour
and forty five minutes receives
$2.00 an hour. She felt that the dis-
crepency in our pay was unfair as
she was sitting down and doing
fairly easy work. When Inasked the
supervisor about the difference she
acted as though I was unreason-
able, "The checker has to use her
brains, it is mental work!" Ac-
tually my work was much harder
physically if not "mentally". And
when the arch-hierach came
through for her free meals every-
one fussed around to perfection-
to withstand her rude and conde-
scending criticism. ( you L'o there
remember that the sirs" and
"mams" aren't entirely natural.
I would rather face bad moods at
the cellar than smiles held up by
demand.I
The facts might seem petty, but
the University does need reform in
organization and pay - and should
at least be open about it.
-Janet Mattox
March 21
Syvia sSigns
THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 1973
Aries are extremely warm in romantic
situations.
Aries. (March 21 - April 19). Your activi-
ties will proceed best if you retain complete
control. Emphasis is on your leadership qual-
ities as you begin to plan parties and dress
up.
Taurus. (April 20 - May 20). A project with
another individual for a class or business
should be completed today. Make sure to
make improvements. Romance partnerships tend to nosedive.
Gemini. (May 21 - June 20). Start to collect newspaper ads and
notices on boards regarding a summer job. There is a good indi-
cation that you can make your summer plans now. Stop worry-
ing.
Cancer. (June 21 - July 22). You tend to be frivolous and light-
hearted today. Creativity is inspiring you to write or paint or the
like. You may even find yourself ou the staff of the school
newspaper.
Leo. (July 23 - Aug. 22). Use the telephone to your advaut-
age. A number of important business calls should be mae in
order to gain financial success. Weekend plans should also be
made.
Virgo. (Aug. 23 - Sept. 22). Try to learn the points of .view of
others today before you try to have things go your way. You
should use tact with lover and you may be surprised to learn
that they are more liberated than you expected.
Libra. (Sept. 23 -*Oct. 22). There are many opportunities open
to you. Curb your excessive spending and begin to budget. You
will be unable to afford certain necessities later as you overindulge
now.
Scorpio. (Oct. 23 - Nov. 21). Your day will be filled with seren-
ity. Start a self-improvement project to include completing all your
homework and feeling free from tension. Write.
Sagittarius. (Nov. 22 - Dec. 21). You will be constantly on the
go. Take time out to relax and get a little unglued. -Be patient
with those unable to keep up your pace. Romance should soar this
evening.
Capricorn. (Dec. 22 - Jan. 19). Keep your affairs rather private
today whether in business, school or with present love. You'll be
under close scrutiny by someone seeking you harm.
Aquarius. (Jan. 20 - Feb. 18). Important information 'for your
future plans arrives in the mail today. Some immediate but un-
wanted decision making will obscure all other thoughts and plans..
Pisces. (Feb. 19 - March 20). Attend to all correspondence re-
garding your school finances for next year. Getting high with
lover tonight should result in greater spiritual understanding.
"When ..in ..the...course of...human
... events . .9"
Making the grand tour-tips on travel and hitching abro6
c
Editor's note: The following articles are the
fifth in a series on travel abroad.
Tips
By KATHY FALLON
IF THIS IS the year you're finally going to
make it to Europe, don't just let it hap-
pen around you. Think about what you want
to put in and get out of the experience,
and then go after it.
A good starting point is a bit of self-
evaluation. Will you be sightseer interested
in monuments and museums? If so, try
a little homework. It can be frustrating to
stand in front of Michelangelo's David trying
to remember who did that other famous one.
Are you traveling to have a real vacation
from school? Check out goodbeaches, friend-
ly nightclubs or whatever else you enjoy be-
fore buying a rail pass based on lots of
travel. You can wreck a glorious day on
the Agean fretting about the miles of Eurail
pass you might be wasting.
Are you going abroad to get to know ano-
ther way of life and the people who Live it?
Brush up your foreign languages and think
about a homestay program. Consider con-
fining your roaming to a smaller area than
all of Western Europe - maybe a single
country with long stays in several towns.
While motives and style of travel differ,
there's one thing most of .us share ' we're
Americans and vulnerable to the "Ugly
attire.
GET TO KNOW some people from t h e
countries you'll visit at the International
Center or the Rive Gauche. Foreign stu-
dents are adjusting to some big differences
and may give you insight about the process
of cultural adaptation as well as information
about their native countries.
Try reading European magazines at the
Grad Library. Find out what's considered
newsworthy. Even if you can't catch the
nuances in an article, ads, allustrations and
cartoons will give you visual clues about the
country. Literature is another fascinating
way of seeing how people interact in differ-
ent settings. Read a modern detective story.
If you can get through it in ithe original
language, you'll pick up a lot of the latest
slang.
Who you travel with can make a dramatic
difference about the kind of trip you'll have.
If you're by yourself, you'll enjoy more free-
dom, but may pay for it with lonely times
and the extra cost of a single room.
If you go with a group, make sure you
all agree on freedom to roam, interests
shared and style of travel. Groups of more
than two can get into real messes unless
they all understand and accept each other
beforehand.
While you're packing, bring some small
gifts (Kennedy halfdollars are still apprecia-
ted in many places) in case you'd like to
intended. You don't have to bring formal
attire. All you'll need is a decent shirt and
an un-beat-up pair of slacks or a simple
shift.
When you arrive in a big city head for the
university for possible cheap lodging and
meals and a start on meeting people. Or try
cafes and restaurants which seem to be stu-
dent gathering places. The youth hostel is
another place to find a diversity of people
and a cheap bed.
Once you settle at a "home base", use a
city map to find out exactly where you are.
Sometimes it's fun just to wander around for
a day, exploring and absorbing. Whatever
your preefrence, try a bit of variety -
outdoors and indoors, highbrow and hacking
around, social and solitary.
It's hard to feel touristy with a guidebook
in hand, but try and be philosophical about
it. Even if you're convinced you don't need
to look the part, the natives can tell you're
not one of them, so why not look interested?
They may offer tips and friendly aid.
After the big city has been exhausted,
strike out for the "real" part of traveling
- the rest of the country. Second class train
tickets are about the same price, or less,
in total, than a Eurail pass for the average
mover. Besides, Europeans ride second class
and enjoy conversing on trains. The exper-
Hitching
By JANE ANDERSON
HITCHHIKING IS A LUXURY that only
travelers with loose schedules, cool heads
and open personalities can afford.
If you regard hitchhiking primarily as a
means of transportation, you probably should
not risk the frustrations of waiting in the
rain, being stuck in the country with a blown-
out tire or trying to beguile a ride during
the popular summer season when all sorts
of Europeans and fellow Americans have
the same idea.
But if you want to understand a nation's
monuments and museums by getting to know
the people who built them, hitching may
be a great way to get into adventuresome
cultural exploration.
Hitching, of course, can be risky, espec-
ially for single women. Europe far the
most part is safe, but women are cautioned
against hitching alone in Spain, Sauthern
Italy and Turkey. In general, if you're a
woman who can handle hitching here, you
can do it there. Use common sense and
talk to drivers before you accept a ride. Feel
the vibes - is the driver drunk, weird or
leering? Avoid getting into a car with a
group of men.
SUMMER HITCHING
Don't hitchhike in Europe during the sum-
mer months unless you have nlenty of na-
hitchhike. For hitting the most notable capi-
tals and sights, a Eurail pass is more re-
liable and usually worry-free. Finally, don't,
count on arriving at the city where your
charter flight departs by grace of your
thumb. Being stranded is no fun.
LUGGAGE
Travel as lightly as possible for your own
comfort and to increase the chances of be-
ing picked up. European cars are smaller,
and a good-hearted driver may be influenced
by the size of your pack. He'll probably pick
you up if you can hold it comfortably in your-
lap. If your luggage is large, try hiding it
behind you when hitching. A better policy
is to being with next to nothing and buy
what becomes indispensable as you travel.
APPEARANCE
Neatness is often ta basic consideration in
getting rides. Men should tuck in their shirts
and hide long hair under hats. Jeans and
wild hair can drastically reduce your chances
of getting a ride, especially in Spain and
France.
WHERE TO HITCH
Get to the main roads on the outskirts of
cities. Hitchhikers are not permitted on Auto-
bahns (highways) but can be near entrance
ramps. Laws prohibiting hitchhiking on ex-
pressways may be strictly enforced. This
drawback is offset by the tolerance and cour-
tesy of law enforcement officials who may
simnav sk vn tn mmo tn an vit ore n-
is perhaps the best way of catching the
motorist's eye. Carry a thick felt tip pen,
write signs in lower case letters and u s e
European spelling of cities' names - Munch-
en for Munich.
TRAVEL COMPANIONS
One man/one woman seems to be the most
successful combination. Second best is two
women. Two men can expect fewer rides,
and a single woman may be putting herself
in dangerous situations.
LANGUAGE BARRIERS
Limit your hitchhiking to those countries
whose language you can understand and
make yourself understood in. A good test of
minimum language proficiency is the ability
to pronounce the name of your destination
and understand exactly how far and where
the driver is going. Don't assume the average
motorist can speak or understand English.-
If you're looking for a companion, f i n d
someone fluent in the language. Traveling
with an English speaking buddy may cut you
off from the driver and create discomforts
or hostilities when riding a long way in a
small car.
ATTITUDES
Most important of all, don't regard hitch-
ing as a means of getting to some geographic
location. Think of it instead as a continual
discovery process. If you're patient and flex-
ible, being bypassed by the only two cars
you see in a day is tolerable. After all. to-
I