T-groups: Leadership
issue
By TONY SCHWARTZ
Second of a two-part series
The "human potential" movement is
still young and it is struggling to define
itself. There is an open controversy be-
tween critics and advocates over the legiti-
macy of T-groups, as well as a sense of
ambivalence among movement leaders
over the unresolved questions.
The qualifications of leaders, the func-
tions of group members in relation to each
other and the degree to which the T-group
;ideal is useful in and of itself appear to be
the central issues.
At the University, a controversy over
leadership standards and selection became
apparent with the rapid growth of Project
Outreach T-groups, beginning in 1969.
At that time, a group of clinical psy-
chologists generated a crisis when they
expressed concern over what they sensed
as "laissez faire" attitudes concerning
leadership selection, group standards and
accreditation.
In reaction, a committee was formed,
consisting of three faculty and three stu-
dent members, to carry out a thorough
investigation.
In essence, the report assured those
concerned that leadership standards were
high and that supervision was careful and
responsible.
Nevertheless, a great deal of concern
among clinical psychologists and other
critics at the University remains over what
they term the dangerous lack of experi-
ence among group leaders in the more free
form groups.
Moreover, there appears to be ambiva-
lence among the movement's leaders, over
the proper standards of professionalism,
experience and accreditation.
For instance, of the four groups being
offered in the Free University catalogue
this semester, three are led by undergradu-
ates with no previous training experience.
This is typical of an approach which ]eacs
psychology Prof. Howard Wolowitz to
comment, "There is a lack of awareness
in these groups of the sheer effort in-
volved, the sheer anguish in gaining in-
sight."
Critics complain that often the only
qualifications leaders have is participation
in enough groups to have acquired a cer-
tain professional veneer.
The critics are concerned over inexperi-
enced leaders who try to use the group to
solve their own problems. Bart Grossman
decries this type of leader. "The leader
is primarily there to help other people,
it is not a forum to deal with his own
stuff," he says.
Wolowitz is concerned about selfish or
inexperienced leaders. He believes that the
process of change is both delicate and
sensitive and that ignorance or unintended
maliciousness on the part of leaders is
potentially dangerous.
In a recent New York Times article, Dr.
Bruce Maliver, a therapist in private prac-
tice, pointed to palpable dangers of bad
leadership.
He wrote of a woman who entered a T-
group in a deep depression after the break-
up of her marriage. She discovered a joy
and warmth in the group and became inti-
mately involved with one of its leaders. She
later discovered he was intimately in-
volved with a number of other female
group members and in the return to de-
pression committed suicide.
The leader believed, either naively or
deceitfully, that the group's relations would
be enhanced by his effort at individual
See CRITICS, Page 7
.-Daiiy-Terry McCarthy
STUDENTS participate in a T-group in the Red Carpet Lounge of Alice Lloyd Hall. The controversy
over T-groups has centered to a large extent around informal meetings such as this one.
SUNDAY
DAILY
See Editorial Page
j [17" C
airC~i a
IIUIIMr
DREARY
High-36
Low-24
Mostly cloudy with
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r -
Vol. LXXXI, No. 121
Ann Arbor, Michigan-Sunday, February 21, 1971
Ten Cents
Ten Pages
-Daily-Terry McCarthy
Tw o more f or Wilmore
Henry Wilmore goes in for a layup enroute to a 33 point performance as the hot shoot-
ing Wolverines shredded the Minnesota Gophers for a 108-90 victory. Michigan has
now won all eight of its conference games. See story, Page 9.
OSS BOARD UNHAPPY
D isappointment vo1ce over'
re gentl policy On recruiting
LSA sit-in
scheduled
tomorrow
By ROSE SUE BERSTEIN
An ad-hoc s t u d e n t steering committee
formed after students were barred from Fri-
day's Regents meeting plans to distribute
leaflets today urging students to gather at
noon tomorrow for a sit-in in the LSA Bldg.
The steering committee of seven is charged
only with preparing and distributing the
leaflets, since the group which selected them
plans to determine its policies -and future
course of action at tomorrow's sit-in.
A student group had originally planned to
present a list of six demands to the Regents
Friday. They were barred from the Admin-
istration Bldg., however, and could not at-
tend the Regents meeting.
Two students were arrested Friday when
the group tried to force their way into the
Administration Bldg. Students rallied on
the Diag to protest the arrests, then de-
cided at a later meeting to continue the
protest tomorrow with the sit-in.
The group's demands are that the Uni-
versity abolish the ROTC program, end
classified military research, establish a free
24-hour child-care center, donate facilities
for anti-war movement use, extend the Of-
fice of Student Services (OSS) recruiting
policy throughout the University and limit
control of the literary college Course Mart
program to students.
One of the six demands, that the OSS re-
cruiting policy be extended, was rejected
Friday by the Regents when they passed a
revised policy.
The demands were originally formulated
at a series of meetings two weeks ago in
reaction to the U.S. supported invasion of
Laos.
At that time, protesters announced that
if the demands were not "dealt with im-
mediately" at a special Feb. 13 Regents
meeting, administrative functions of the
University would be "shut down" the fol-
lowing Monday, Feb. 16.
The two students arrested during Friday's
melee are Stephen Winter, '71, and John
Eustis, '73. Winter was arraigned Friday
afternoon on a charge of obstructing and
resisting a police officer. He was released on
$250 bond, pending a pre-trial examination
set for March 3 in District Court.
Eustis will be arraigned tomorrow after-
noon on charges of assault and battery and
obstructing and resisting a police officer.
He is free on $25 bail.
Chief of Police Walter Krasny said that
he had "several platoons of patrolmen
standing by" Friday afteroon in anticipa-
tion of further problems, but that he con-
sidered the campus calm after the noon
time scuffle.
-Associated Press
Plastic pot
Spencer Coxe, director of the American Civil Liberties Union in Philadelphia, displays
an artificial marijuana plant of the type now being sold through the mail. Until January
profits of the sale went to the ACLU to help finance challenge of marijuana laws, but the
arrangement was dissolved because ACLU officials decided "we were making light of
something which we don't consider funny."
MEETING SCHEDULED
TFs organtze against new
proposal fromVP1Smit
Fighting
in Laos
hits peak
SAIGON ( - North Vietnamese troops
overrun a South Vietnamese ranger outpost
on the Ho Chi Minh trail yesterday and laid
siege to two others. The Saigon troops fought
their way out of one beseiged base early to-
day, suffering heavy casualties.
In the, heaviest fighting since the South
Vietnamese moved into Laos on Feb. 8, Com-
munist forces also downed five American
helicopters.
Associated Press correspondent William
Barton reported from Quang Tri that about
150 South Vietnamese rangers broke out of
Landing Zone Ranger and linked up moth
another ranger unit at a similar patrol base
two miles away.
The fate of the other 300 soldiers at the out-
post, which had been under siege since Thurs-
day, was not clear. Earlier reports said more
than 50 were killed and more than 200
wounded. American helicopters flying through
heavy antiaircraft fire evacuated some of the
wounded before the base was abandoned.
Field reports said that of the five helicop-
ters lost yesterday two went down in Laos
and the others crashed in the northwest cor-
ner of South Vietnam.
The U.S. Command acknowledged three of
the losses in its Sunday communique. This
raised to 13 the number of U.S. helicopters
announced lost in Laos so far and increased
the number downed on the Vietnam side of
the border to 10. The South Vietnamese have
announced the loss of two.
The command officially lists American
casualties from helicopter losses since the
drive began as 14 killed, 14 wounded and
seven missing in Laos; with 13 killed, 19 in-
jured and six missing in South Vietnam.
In other Indochina developments:
-South Vietnamese headquarters claimed
its troops, making a parallel drive into east-
ern Cambodia, scored a major battlefield vic-
tory Saturday near Suong, killing 110 Com-
munist troops with losses of four government
soldiers killed and 18 wounded;
-About five rockets struck the huge Amer-
ican airbase at. Da Nang in the- northern
sector. The U.S. Command said there were
no fatalities and described casualties and
damage as light. However, Associated Press
correspondent. Michael Putzel reported from
Da Nang that one rocket destroyed a four-
engined U.S. cargo plane; and
-The U.S. Command announced a second
day of B52 raids against a North Vietnamese
buildup just below the demilitarized zone
that threatens American forces supporting the
Laos drive.
A&P laysoff 7;
protest continues
By ROSE SUE BERSTEIN
A business drop which may have been pre-
cipitated by a week-long boycott has caused
the A & P grocery store on Huron St. to lay
off seven employes. The store's management
also suspended three and fired one of the
approximately 30 regular employes.
Store manager Warren Hartman yesterday
said it was standard procedure to lay people
off at this time of year. "There was a busi-
ness drop," he explained. "It is perfectly nor-
mal at this season."
The grocery has been the target of week-
long boycotting activities stemming from the
By GERI SPRUNG
People on both sides of the issue have ex-
pressed disappointment with the recruiting
policy passed by the Regents at their Friday
meeting.
The Regents rejected the policy initiated
by the Office of Student Services (OSS) policy
board last November which bars "any profit
corporation operating where discrimination is
legally enforced" from recruiting in its office.
In its place, the Regents adopted a Univer-
sity-wide policy which prevents corporations
from using the various campus placement
offices to recruit persons specifically for em-
ployment in countries which legally sanction
discrimination.
The Regents plan was developed after an
open hearing last Thursday where the issue
was debated.
The compromise was designed to recon-
4 cile the current OSS policy with the policies
of the other University placement services,
which permit any corporation to recruit as
long as they do not break any U.S. statute or
discriminate.
Some members of the OSS policy board
interpreted the Regents' decision as a double
blow to the board, in that it.refused to extend
their policy University-wide while keeping
the board from carrying out the policy within,
its own office.
Board members expressed further resent-
ment since the Regents ruling overruled the
first major policy decision the board had
made since its .inception.
OSS policy board member Jerry De Grieck
said yesterday he was "furious with the Re-
gents actions.".
"The Regents claim to be concerned with
the rights of individual students and yet they
ignored the approval of the OSS policy ex-
pressed by the vast majority of student gov-
ernments on campus," he said. "The Regents
have ignored their moral responsibility in
continuing to support racism and sexism
within the University with this new recruit-
ing policy."
De Grieck said that he was planning to
introduce a motion at the next policy board
See REGENTS, Page 10
By LINDSAY CHANEY
A proposal by Vice President for Academic
Affairs Allan Smith to standardize the defi-
nition of graduate assistant has caused a
growing wave of dissent among teaching
fellows.,
The teaching fellows claim the proposal
would reduce their health insurance benefits
and the time they are allowed to hold assist-
antship appointments.
A meeting has been called for ,8 p.m. to-
morrow in the Residential College to discuss
the proposal and draw up recommendations
to be given to Smith.
The proposal defines duties and fringe
benefits for all graduate assistants. The
classification "graduate assistant" includes
all teaching assistants, research assistants,
and staff assistants.
Teaching assistants are currently known
as teaching fellows in most University de-
partments. They are paid from the teaching
budget of the department in which they
work.
Research assistants are graduate students
who assist a faculty member on a research
project related to their degree program.
They are paid through the Office of Re-
search Administration.
Staff assistants perform non-teaching and
non-research duties in an area related to
their degree program. They are paid from
the operating budgets of each department
or service unit.
"It's nothing new," said Charles Allmand,
assistant to Vice President Smith. "It's just
accumulating existing practices and putting
them in writing to apply to the whole Uni-
versity."
The teaching fellows have two main ob-
jections to the proposal. The first is that,,,
under the proposal, graduate students must
hold at least half-time assistantship ap-
pointments to be eligible to participate in
the University Blue-Cross-Blue Shield health
insurance plan.
At present, graduate assistants may par-
ticipate in the plan if they earn more than
$750 and the participation continues during
the summer following the appointment.
Daniel Fox, a teaching fellow in statistics,
estimates the University will save $132,000
a year in money they won't have to pay for
insurance premiums. Approximately 37 per
Noise
to
music:
The
electronic
studio
By BILL FEHSENFELD
A scream bursts from a speaker and dies away into
the sound of bubbling, rolling sea waves; waves dis-
solve into a jangling cascade of squeaks, gongs and
bells.
These and a whole world of other sounds can be
produced and molded into music at the University's
Electronic Music Studio.
In 1956, composer Gordon Mumma began experi-
menting in Ann Arbor with a new kind of music: "He
was ridiculed quite badly by many people at the
time," says William Albright, associate director of
the Electronic Music Studio.
But now, serious composition in electronics has
The source of the sound may be natural or it may
be artificially produced. Ideally, a studio can turn,
out any sound ffom sea waves to snorks, or electronic
belches.
The electronic studio can be described as a "flex-
ible" instrument. Most of the compositon that has
been done in the medium is a logical extension of
important streams of thought in other contemporary
music.
John Cage, American composer, predicted the birth
of electronic music in 1937. "I believe that the use
of noise to make music will continue," he said, "un-
til we reach a music produced through the use of
electrical instruments which will make available for
k