Seventieth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
STUDENT PuBLICATIONS BLDG, * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
"F or Heaven's Sake, Don't Hit the Elephant"
,.
f ' ' ri' ,t.F r,:9l
f.-'
C.i,
"Opinions Are Fres
uth WM Prevail"
AT THE STATE
'Mary Deare' Sea Yarn
Sets a Salty Pace
YOUR NAME is Charlton Heston. You're the skipper of "The Sea
Witch," a small fishing boat, and you're in the salvage game. It's a
dark, stormy night, and as your lonely little vessel plows its way home-
ward through the raging waves, reminiscent of your days at Jones
Beach, you see, dimly at first, something in your path-something huge,
something forboding. Is it a bird? Is it a plane? Or is it simply the
Statue of Liberty?
It couldn't be the Statue of Liberty, you jerk. You're in the English
Channel, remember? Suddenly you see. Why, it's. ... Look out, mani
il
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
ATURDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1959 NIGHT EDITOR: KENNETH McELDOWNEY
OB SERVATIO0N POINTI
Philip Power
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER'S 11-nation trip THE UNITED STATES has long felt the ten-
to Europe, Asia and Africa may be a con- sion between her political obligation to sup-
rete demonstration of a considerable transfor- port the European colonial powers in their
Lation, both in Eisenhower's personal view of disputes with the colonized nations and her
is 'role in foreign affairs and in the overall, historical identification with anti-colonialism.
utlines of American foregin policy. More or less firmly, the United States has
The President's renewed vigor in domestic "supported France against Indo-China and
ifairs has previously been demonstrated, much Algeria, England against Egypt, the Nether-
the Democrats' discontent and frustration. lands against Indonesia, and so on. This prob-
ut it remained until the visit of Premier lemi of divided loyalties has often posed un-
brushchev and the start of the President's comfortable situations for United States policy-
our for it to become quite clear that he now makers in the past.
itends to take just as important a role in the Now it appears that there is some possibility
onduct of foreign policy as in domestic affairs. of a settlement emerging in Europe. And as a
Part of this may be owing to the death of faetemneerngnErp.Adasa
oantFostehiesane wientohwefresult, the United States may be able to shift
john F'oster DMlles, and Eisenhower's feeling soeo h teto fAeia oiyfo
Iaat he Imst personally step forward to fill the some of the attention of American policy from
rach.Anthperselnastipformaydliefn hi Europe to Asia and Africa without leaving Eu-
reach.' Another explanation may lie :in his oeo pnt heusan.
etermination to take his place in history as a rope too open to the Russians.
aan who brought the world peace. More purely Even if the summit talks break down or re-
artisan consideraitons may be important, too. sult in nothing significant, American attention
isenhower is certainly not unaware of the probably can still be re-directed, as by now it
oost his trip and the probable summit meeting seems to be agreed that the possibility of
rill give the Republican cause in the 1960 direct Russian military intervention in Europe
4ections, is pretty faint. "Economic aggression," ambigu-
ous poltical threats and subversion are the
[N ANY CASE, his trip is certainly not turning more likely possibilities for the Russians.
out to be what some cynics in Washington r0MEET THESE, American aid to Europe
touglht it would: the last sentimental journey
)f a 'retiring President. On the contrary, it wiyl robab ly hi t e icside and
ppears to be an opening gambit in a new away from the strictly military side. NATO may
rientation in American foreign policy. undergo a considerable parallel evolution to-
The prerequisite for this emerged this sum- ward a less military-oriented group.
ner, when Eisenhower apparently became con- This means that those funds not used for
inced that it was possible to negotiate some military aid in Europe can be diverted to Asia
:ind of relaxation of tensions in Europe with and Africa, in either military or, preferably,
Chrushchev. This, in turn, has changed the economic assistance. Overall, it may be that
rientation of American policy as regards the United States has now shifted success-
urope and the Asia-African bloc, fully to meet the powerful Russian-Chinese
Since the end of World War II, because of threat in the uncommitted area of the world.
he clear and present Russian threat in Europe, It is now hard to argue, as some of Eisen-
the United States has been obliged to concen- hower's critics have done, that he has maneu-
rate most of its attention directly across the vered into talks with Khrushchev against his
forth Atlantic," said the London Economist better judgement, when he is using so effec-
ecently. Europe has had first call on American tively the opportunities which the negotiations
oreign aid-both economic and military-as opened up to him.
vell as political support in her disputes with At this juncture, it seems possible to chalk
ier former colonial territories. one up for the rejuvenated President.
TODAY AND TOMORROW
Ledership of the WeSt
By WALTER LIPPMANN
Cut that rudder hard! It's an
abandoned ship!
Phew! What a close call that
was! You shine a light on the
stein (the back end) of this omi-
nous, ghostly ship, and you read:
"The Mary Deare, Hong Kong."
Hmmmm. What could Mary be
doing out this late at night? And
so far away from home?
YOU DECIDE to investigate.
Maybe you can claim it for salvage.
You scamper up a line that's been
thrown over its side. There's a fire
smouldering. By the plotting board
you see a burned out pipe and a
salami sandwich, with only' one
bite taken. The crew obviously left
post haste. Either that, or some-
one didn't like salami.
You go down to the boiler room
for a smoke, a habit left over from
your high school days, and dis-
cover that it's partially flooded.
Must be a leak somewhere. Maybe
the plumbing is shot. You hear
footsteps. You turn sharply. Why,
it's Gary Cooper! And he's not
toting his six-shooter. Strange, in-
deed!
"The Wreck of the Mary Deare"
thus begins. It's not a pretentious
film, not by a long shot, and to
this extent it's quite a relief. It has
suspense and excitement, it's in
technicolor, 'and if you enjoy a
good sea yarn, "Mary" is right up
your alley. If it somewhat deterio-
rates at the end, when Heston and
Coop go skin-diving, it neverthe-
less maintains its salty pace, and
rarely drags.
* * *
THE PLOT asks a simple enough
question: what happened? Why
did the crew leave, and why has
Cooper remained behind? It's not
an earth-shaking question - in
this day and age it frankly borders
upon bad form-but it's a relevant
one. The answer itself comes late,
but is credible, if not highly origi-
nal.
The acting is competent. Gary
Cooper, as a matter of fact, is
somewhat of a surprise, and con-
tributes a really sensitive perform-
ance-one of his best, to my way
of thinking. The producers should
further be commended for avoid-
ing the temptation of dragging in
a love interest. There is only one
girl in'the cast, and she's quite in-
offensive.
-J. L. Forsht
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
(Continued from Page 2)
United Air Lines, Denver, Col., has
opening for person with BS in Meteor-
ology with emphasis on upper air
analysis.
Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass.,
announces a Publishing Procedures
Course to be held this summer from
June 22 to Aug. 3. Course is openrto
college grads who are either consider-
ing or who are already embarked on a
publishing career in books or maga-
zines. Two scholarships are available.
The May Co., Cleveland, Ohio, is very
interested in 1960 graduates who may
be interested in retailing as a career,
terested, stop in and gain further in-
and in merchandising trainees. If in-
formation during vacation.
For further information concerning
any of the above positions, contact the
Bureau of Appointments, 4001 Admin.
Bldg., Ext. 3371 or 509.
Summer Placement:
Summer Placement Service has lists
of resorts, camps, and som'e industries
that will interview students during
Christmas vacation. Stop at Rm. D$2&
of the SAB., Tues. and Thursday after-
noon from 1 to 5, and Fri. morning
from 8:30 to 12:00.
Student Part-Time
Employment
The following part-time fobs are
available to students. Applications for
these jobs can be made in the Non-
Academic Personnel Oice, Rm. 1020
Admin. Bldg., during,, the following
hours: Monday through Friday, 1:30
p.m. to 4:45 p.m. Employers desirous of
hiring students for part-time work
should contact Jim Stempson, Student
Interviewer, at NO 3-1511. Ext. 2939.
MALE
1 Asst. in Research (20 hrs. per week.
must have had course work in Zo-
ologyeAnatomy, and Bio-Chemistry)
10 Test subjects for Psych. testing pro-
gram (Must be over 21, and avail-
able at least through June 30, be-
tween 8:15 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. ap-
prox. 8 hrs./week)
1 Psych. Soc., or Ed. majors for' child
care work. (Mi. 32 hrs./week)
1 Hotel desk clerk (1:00-8:00 a.m. six
mornings/per week, aplicant should
be between 45-58 years of age).
1 Bartender (5:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m.)
FEMALE
1 Steno-Typist (various hours)
2 Typists (various hours)
1 Psych.. Soc., or Ed. major for child
care work. (Min. 32 hrs./week)
1 Sit with convalescent (full-time)
1 Barmaid (10:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.)
I.
i
A
Ilerbiocis i.away due to iies caw#"* w P r *be ~
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY:
Puerto Ricans Face Difficulties
EDITORS NOTE: This is the second in a series of
five special articles on India and the Middle East,
from where Mr. Lippmann has just returned.
WHEN WE ARRIVED in India about the
middle of last aionth, the conflict with
China had become the main preoccupation of
the government, the parliament, and the press.
It pushed into the background of men's minds
the supreme question of India's capacity to pull
itself out of its fearful poverty. It raised a new
and unexpected question. This is whether India
must mobilize for war, and in ,doing so must
put off indefinitely the indispensable work of
solving the problem of how to feed its people.
deficit that if it had, to shoulder the burden of
deficit thatsif'it ha dto shoulder the burden of
a big mobilization and an arms program, the
.burden would be crushing and the consequences
might well be catastrophic.
I use the word catastrophic advisedly. The
Indian standard of life is already almost in-
supportably low,' and if it becomes not better
but worse, no one can be sure that the central
government can maintain the unity of India
against its great variety of languages and races
and of local nationalisms and against the deep
historical tendencies towards separatism. What
threatens India if the internal development
fails is not a general lapse into Communism.
Is is a breakup into separate states, some of
which would no doubt be Communist, others
which would be right-wing Hindu, and no one
can know what else.
The problem of India, then, is to defend-it-
self against Chinese aggression on its borders
while concentrating its main attention and
energy on its internal problem.
THIS MEANS that India will have to defend
her interests on the frontier by diplomacy.
She can man some of the frontier posts and
shoot back at Chinese raiders. But the pressure
of Chinese expansion will continue. For the
problem of Chinese expansion is not primarily
an Indian problem. Indeed, it is only inciden-
tally an Indian problem. The problem of Chi-
nese expansion is primarily a Russian problem
and, although no responsible official in any
Editorial Staff
THOMAS TURNER, Editor
PHirIP POWER ROBERT JUNKER
country can or should say so, everyone who has
studied the situation in central Asia knows that
this is true.
In the years to come the main issue of global
politics will be the containment of China. The
Soviet Union, which has much the longest and
much the most vulnerable and much the most
controversial frontier with China has the prin-
cipal interest in containing China.
The position on the Indian-Chinese frontier
is such that a permanent settlement between
Chou-En-lai and Nehru is most unlikely. For
one thing, the Chinese, and that includes the
Nationalist Chinese in Formosa quite as much
as the Communist Chinese on the mainland, do
not recognize the legality or the rightness of
the McMahon Line as a frontier. They assert
that this line which the Indian government
claims is the legal one was imposed on Tibet by
the British who dominated Tibet when China
was helpless and in the throes of a revolution.
]NE OLD FRONTIER was bound to come
into question when . China was strong
enough, as she is now, to reconquer Tibet. And
it is true, I believe, that most of the disputed
territory is inhabited by Tibetans or is geo-
graphically related to Tibet. What India is con-
fronted with essentially is the determination of
China to complete and to consolidate its con-
quest of Tibet, which is strategically the key-
stone of Central Asia.
The government's policy is to argue its case
with China, to propose reasonable compro-
mises, and to fight back where it can if there
are other incursions. There are Indians who
criticize Nehru and would like a stronger pol-
icy. I have talked with some of the leaders of
the opposition, seeking to find out what they
mean by a stronger policy. Some would merely
use stronger words. But there are a few who
want to turn to the United States and ask for
arms and military assistance.
Unless the Chinese aggression becomes much
more flagrant than it is, I do not think that
the Indian government will -ask us to intervene,
and I gather that we believe that nothing of
the sort should be asked of us. The basic and
decisive reason for this policy of American ab-
stention is that American intervention would
inexorably compel the Soviet Union to align
itself with Red China. That would be a disaster.
There is very little that we can do to recover
territory in the inaccessible mountains of the
Himalayas, and to fight a great war with
China over the Indian frontier would ruin the
By ARNOLD SAMEROFF
Daily Staff Writer
THE ATTENTION of most Amer-
icans has been caught recently
by the problems of juvenile delin-
quency in New York City. The
responsibility for the increased
gang warfare has been laid at the
feet of the 'Puerto Rican Com-
munity, especially after the last
murder in which two Puerto Rican
boys were indicted.
In a Senate Investigating Com-
mittee hearing on the problem of
New York's juvenile gangs, the
suggestion was made by Judge
Samuel S. Leibowitz of Kings
County (Brooklyn), that discour-,
aging immigration of Puerto Ri-
cans to New York might be* a
solution to the problem.
Puerto Rico's official status is as
a Commonwealth, territorially part
of the- United States. Its inhabi-
tants are citizens of the United
States and as such, cannot be le-
gally prevented from travelling to
any part of this country.
LEIBOWITZ was quickly at-
tacked for his views, and a battle
of statistics ensued over whether
Puerto Rican delinquency was pro-
portionately greater than that of
other groups in New York.
The result of the whole situa-
tion has been to point out the
conditions which any new group of
people coming to the States must
face. Hulan E. Jack, Manhattan
Borough President, stated, "... . the
city has always been a haven for
minority groups seeking opportun-
ity . . , It would be unfortunate
if the most recent minority groups
be singled out by being deprived of
the advantages former newcomers
to the city enjoyed."
These advantages are enumer-
ated by the Puerto Rican govern-
ment to every prospective emi-
grant. Their list contains such
items as poor housing, cold
weather, high cost of living, possi-
bility of exploitation, prejudice
and discrimination. However, even
with ouch a list they have been
unable to discourage anyone from
trying to reach the land with the
golden streets, the United States.
TAKING AN 'opposing view to
Judge Leibowitz was Brooklyn
Congressman Emmanuel Celler,
who declared, "We should not dis-
courage them from coming. We
need them for the hard chores and
the rough work. If they do not
come, most of our hotels, restau-
rants and laundries would close.
We need new seed immigation."
This is more of what New York,
landing place of most of these
immigrants, has to offer. The aver-
age wage of the Negro and Puerto
Rican population in New York is
one-third that of the average
white worker.
The Puerto Ricans have an
added disadvantage that the -pre-
vious groups did not share. The
Italians, Irish, and Jews were all
white; the Puerto Ricans darker
skin color exposes him to the addi-
tional prejudice that formerly was
reserved for Negroes.
* * *
THE "P. R.'s". as they are known
to the average New Yorker, are
generally thought to be illiterate
hillbillies whose only reason for
immigrating is to get on the relief
roles Studies by the Department
of Labor, however, indicate that
this is not the case.
Samplings show that the level
of the immigrant is better than
the average Puerto Rican. Only
nine per cent come from rural
areas and only eight per cent were
illiterate. Skilled workers made up
18 per cent of the group and semi-
skilled about 35 per cent.
Commonwealth officials maintain
that the immigrants are coming to
the States to find jobs and not
unemployment insurance. In times
of recession, immigration falls off
and the Puerto Ricans who are
already here would rather return
to Puerto Rico and receive $12 a
month than stay here and get
close to $100 in unemployment in-
surance.
** *
THE IMMIGRANTS come to the
States to raise their standard of
living, and instead find themselves
living in slums vacated by former
minority groups. Trying to find
jobs that would pay enough to en-
able them to leave these condi-
tions is almost impossible for the
average Puerto Rican. As a result
he is forced to raise his family in
inferior surroundings with very
little receational facilities, inferior
schools, and the tradition of gang
warfare.
The, causes of juvenile delin-
quency are inherent characteristics
of such living conditions rather
than being a Puerto Rican na-
tional trait. '
Solving these problems involve
so much that it would almost
mean a basic change in our social
system. It is obvious that as long
as there is a need to import labor
to work in the remaining sweat-
shops of the garment industry, of
the "hotels, restaurants, and laun-
dries" there will be people living
in slum conditions.
Even after learning the language
and customs of America, the
Puerto Ricans have nowhere to go
to make use of this. Prejudice
forces them to remain in the slums
There is no force greater than
social frustration to turn one
against society.
V,
MAX LERNER:
Ik~e Faces Feuds
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Readers Discuss Messiah Review
KARACHI-As President Eisen-
hower travels deeper into Asia
the setting of his reception gets
more colorful, as witness the size
and warmth of the throng in Kara-
chi, and the brilliant display of
horsemanship in the tent-pegging
exhibition by President Ayub's
bodyguard at the pologround. But
also as Eisenhower travels 'deeper
into Asia it is harder for him to
keep from getting enmeshed in the
national feuds which form the
heritage of Asia's bitter and bloody
past.
Behind the discreet veil of the
joint communique by the two pres-
idents it is not hard to see that
President Ayub unburdened him-
self about the four major things
on his mind now: Nehru's tough
insistence on holding Kashmir
despite the big Moslem majority
of its people; the intrigues of the
Afghan government among the
Pathan border tribesmen in an
effort to carve out a new state of
Pakhunistan; the growing pene-
tration of Afghanistan by Russian
influence, along with the Chinese
aggressions which threaten Pakis-
tan as well as India; and the need
for continued American military
support for the bastions of CENTO
and SEATO, at a time of the shak-
ing of Asia.
THE SPECTACLE of the
mounted Pakistani officers as they
charged at the row of hammered
tentpegs, spearing them with their
lances and raising them aloft in
triumph, was more than an enter-
tainment for a famous person who
had come from America. It was
also a symbol of the military tradi-
tion of these Punjabis who were
excellent soldiers in the days of the
British raj and still present a mar-
tial posture to the world.
, Note that Pakistan has chosen
differently from Nehru's India in
foreign policy. Unfit by tempera-
ment or tradition for a policy of
non-alignment, it is a kingpin of
the CENTO pact which seeks to
contain Russia and of the SEATO
pact whose members must now
face the threat of China. President
Ayub must know that Pakistan's
defense system would be impossible
without the American aid which
underwrites at least half of his
defense budget and makes possible
the industrializing of his economy.
His bitterness against India on
Kashmir has recently been tem-
pered by their common plight in
the face of the Chinese enemy, and
relations between the two coun-
tries are better than they have
been for a decade, even though
Nehru still rejects Ayub's proposal
for a joint defense agreement. The
real anxiety should center on Ka-
bul where President Eisenhower's
visit today has great meaning,'
since Afghanistan is the prize
jewel in the Russian diadem of
economic penetration and propa-
ganda success.
THE DOUBLE enmity of Russia
and China toward Pakistan makes
Ayub's attitude toward the com-
,ing Western summit with Russia
a sceptical one. Like the Turks,
the Pakistanis are worried that
the summit sunshine may melt
the size of American aid to them.
They are moreover thoroughly un-
convinced by the Eisenhower-Her-
ter theory that Russia and China
have diverse interests and out-
looks and can be split from each,-
other.
Facing pressures and threats
from both Communist giants the
Pakistanis feel that they are linked
in a common world policy of Com-
munism. It is worth noting that
the joint communique speaks of
"relations between the free world
and the Sino-Soviet bloc."
It is a good guess that Nehru,
who is impressed with Russian
neutrality in the struggle between
China and India, would.not dream
of using the same phrase.
When President Eisenhower laid
a wreath at the tomb of Moham-
med Ali Jinnah he might have re-
flected on how high were Jinnah's
hopes for- a state which was as-
sembled - as the letters of its
name were assembled-from areas
of Moslem population who had
little in common except their
Moslem faith..
Into the Pakistani crisis vacuum
came Avub Khan. offering the
To the Editor:
WHEN A great number of peo-
ple give their time and energy
in performing a beautiful religious'
work for the enjoyment of thou-
sands, why must some "authority"
take it upon himself to tear it to
pieces?'- Robert Jobe's review of
Handel's Messiah was sarcastic,
crude and unnecessary.
Professor McCoy has put to-
gether a performance which had
such heights of musical beauty
that I for one was awed. The choir
sang the choruses with such light-
ness and brilliance that one al-
most forgot they were singing mu-
sic of such wide range and diffi-
culty. The voices blended well; and
they never resorted to "shouting."
Some parts of the Messiah are
marked to be sung forte or fortis-
simo, and that is how the choir
sang them.
THE TRUMPE' player admit-
tedly muffed one note, but didn't
the skill with which he played the
rest of the solo make up for it?
Must we cut a person down for one
small mistake? Also it is admitted
the work is long enough so the
music can be varied each year, but
the people who attend the Messiah
come year after year because they
love the Christmas portion and
the familiar choruses. Why must
we listen to something new when
the old brings so much enjoyment;
and if the performance was "or-
dinary at best," why were people
standing in the aisles to hear it?
I have heard the Messiah sung
many times before, but never by
so large a group. The size of the
chorus gave a depth and beauty to
the music which I have never ex-
perienced before. The chorus fol-
lowed Prof. McCoy perfectly which
made the shadings of dynamics,
the pauses and the endings highly
effective.
I realize that I am not a music
critic, but I feel sorry for Mr. Jobe
who must listen to a musical work
and hear only the imperfections.
The performance was an inspira-
tion, but Mr. Jobe's review was
over-critical trash.
--Elizabeth Brown, Grad.
Satire . .
To the Editor:
IT WAS enormously refreshing to
find presented on these pages an
example of Mr. Friedman's de-
lightful satire.
-Leonard Lash, Grad.
4
t
gov-t
... Michael Kelly