SOUTH AFRICA:
PRELUDE TO DISASTER
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Y
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Seventieth Year of.Editorial Freedom
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CONTINUED COLD
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VM.LXX, N. 123 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, MARCH 24, 1960 FIVE CENTS
SIX PA
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-Daly-Jim Gallo
OFFICERS--John Feldkamp (lower left) was reelected Student
Government Council president, Nancy Adams (lower right) was
chosen executive vice-president, James Hadley (upper left) was
named administrative vice-president and Per Hanson was elected
treasurer.
Council Unanimous
On OfcrChoices
By JEAN SPENCER
John Feldkamp, '61, was reelected Student Government Council
president last night as all officer positions were filled by acclamation.
Nancy Adams, '61, is the new executive vice-president and James
Hadley, '61, will serve as administrative vice-president. Per Hanson,
'62, was elected treasurer.
In other action, the Council voted to support and endorse "direct
non-violent action being taken against the Cousins Shop on State
Street for reasons of their refusal to give equal service to Negro
patrons." The Council further encourages all students to make known
their opposition to the discriminatory policy of the Cousins Shop by
Southerners,
Chain Store
Answer SGC
Student Government Council
President John Feldkamp, '61, re-
ported last night on replies to
letters the Council sent to four
store chains and governors of
eight Southern states supporting
student protest against lunch
counter segregation.
The New York office of F. W.
Woolworth, Co., one of the stores
contacted, wrote that their com-
pany "had absolutely nothing to
do with the establishment of the
custom" of segregated eating
facilities.
"Our company has always con-
sidered itself a guest of any com-
munity in which it is located,"
Woolworth said.
"As such, we are expected to,
and endeavor to be good neigh-
bors and to abide by the local
custom established by local people
for the conduct of business in
their town."
"tinder the above policy, it
naturally follows that we will
always welcome the opportunity'
to cooperate in any serious local
endeavor calculated to improve
the cultural and business climate
and race relations of the com-
munity," the letter concluded.
Alex W. Bealer, an Atlanta'
businessman, suggested SOC con-
cern itself with local problems
and "leave the South's problems
to the South."
"We did quite well before you
came along and will undoubtedly
do equally well after you have
gone and can no longer advise
us," he added.
"You probably don't know it,
but in every Negro there is a
latent streak of immorality and
savagery, no matter what you
dreamy - eyed do - gooders may
think," he concluded.
A letter from a Louisiana citi-
zen asserted that SGC should
confine its letter writing to may-
ors of Michigan towns like Dear-
born and Owosso, which "will not
permit Negroes to move in."
Paul H. Stockdale of Baton
Rouge added that his wife is a
native of Michigan, "so, you see,
we know that the insular, pro-
vincial Midwest is not perfect-
just hypocritically inclined."
"South - baiting is America's
favorite indoor and outdoor sport
'1) personally talking to the pro-
prietor of the shop, 2) supporting
and participating in non-violent
pickets against the shop and 3)
withdrawing their patronage, and
encouraging others to withdraw
their patronage from the shop.
Some members thought this
problem lay outside the jurisdic-
tion of SGC and might better
be handled by the City Human
Relations Commission or the SGC
Human Relations Board.
Al Haber, '60, said of his mo
tion that on a national and inter-
national level "too much is going
on for us not to get involved" in
the area of race relations prob-
lems.
"As students, as citizens, as hu-
man beings, we have a commit-
ment," he asserted.
The Council defeated a related
motion which would have affected
local branches of four chain
stores with similar boycotts.
Members said that since the
local branch is not implicated in
the charges of discrimination, the
boycott would be unjustified.
Haber, IFC President Jim Mar-
tens, '60, and Feldkamp were ap-
pointed a committee of three to
draft a motion "clearly" incor-
porating the views of the Council
and other interested parties ex-
pressed to date in the area of
non-discrimination in student or-
ganizations, to be considered at
the April 6 meeting.
The Council also passed a mo-
tion to consider present Univer-
sity rules and regulations con-
cerning "possession and consump-
tion of alcoholic beverages, with
the possibility of seeking a relax-
ation of present rules and regula-
tions concerning this matter."
Linker Wins
Lit School
Presidency
May Vice-President;
Election Draws 200
Donald G. Linker and Lawrence
May were elected president and
vice-president, respectively, of the
literary college senior class yes-
terday.
Two hundred second - semester
juniors, first-semester seniors and
other 1961 graduates voted in the
balloting called by Joint Judici-
ary Council to replace the elec-
tion of March 15 and 16 in which
irregularities were discovered.
Over 400 voted in the original
balloting.
Linker had 89 votes to 44 for
Richard Meyer, 28 for Michael
Gilman, Richard Gavril's 22, 17
votes for Robert Vollen and one
write-in vote.
May had 95 votes for vice-pres-
ident against 49 for Robert Wood
and 47 for Ronald Greenberg.
Ronald Seigal had been elected
treasurer in the original election,
and Tina Tarler was chosen sec-
retary. These elections were de-
clared valid at the time, and these
two will be the remaining officers
of the class.
The new officers will be mem-
bers of the Senior Board, an or-
ganization of all senior class offi-
cers in the various undergraduate
schools and colleges.
The new election was called by
Joint Judic because enough stu-
dents had voted contrary to the
election rules to possibly influence
the result.
MS UStudent
To Vacation
In County Jail
By The Associated Press
"I hope my bomb goes off on
time," James A. Draves said casu-
ally as he placed his luggage on
the scales at the Capital City
Airport.
Yesterday he was sentenced to
10 days in a St. John's, Mich.,
jail.
Draves, a sophomore psychology
major at Michigan State Univer-
sity, pleaded guilty to a charge of
making a false report relating to
a bombing.
A He was sentenced by Justice
Albert E. Wert to a $40 fine, $15
costs, and 10 days in the county
jail.
Draves was seized by local and
Lansing police Tuesday night as
he was about to board a Miami-
bound plane. No bomb was found
and the plane took off 32 minutes
late without Draves aboard.
"I was just having a little fun,"
he said.
"For the first time in mankind's
history we have cause for opti-
mism," internationally-known
Finnish cartoonist Karl Suomalai-
nen said in a lecture here yester-
day.
"Man hasn't changed, but peace
has become allied with another
primitive instinct-fear. Fear is
aroused by nuclear weapons."
As the fear of nuclear weapons
prevents man's fighting instinct
to find an outlet (in war), there
remains only one possibility, Suo-
malainen said. The future war
will be ideological and psycholo-
gical.
Psychological War
Previously psychological war
was, in the form of propaganda, a
part of armed war. From this
time on the arms are moving over
to become a part of psychological
war.
"As a modest contribution, po-
litical cartoons belong to the tac-
tical weaponso f psychological
war," he said. But if cartoons are
going to be more than political
sarcasms, a cartoonist ought to be
acquainted with the principles he
desires to defend as well as with
those he opposes.
"Communism is a system that
believes in one sole formula which
contains all solutions. Therefore it
is easy to popularize it and to
make it understandable even to
the masses.
Non-System
"Free democracy on the other
hand could be determined as not
a system but a non-system," Suo-
malainen said. "There exists no
common popular philosophy of de-
mocracy nor any absolute auth-
ority. In psychological war this is
in a way a deficiency."
The problem is what the demo-
cratic ideology means in t h e
thoughts of the man in the street,
he said.
"The best way to strengthen
democracy is to make clear the
nature of the two conceptions on
which freedom is based-equality
and human value."
Religious Concept
Democracy's conception of hu-
man value in all its irrationality is
primarily a religious conception,
the cartoonist said. But this is
seldom emphasized.
"Democracy naturally does not
recognize any barriers for any-
body's possibilities to develop him-
self according to his abilities. But
be we ever so liberal, we have to
put the limit somewhere.
"With all this I have tried to
say that if we do not acknowledge
the true basis of human value, we
will step from error to error," he
continued.
Should Know Origin
"But if its metaphysical and di-
vine origin, independent of any
characteristics, is clear to us, we
can respect one another regardless
of race or sex. Else democracy
rests on slender grounds, gets in-
to conflict with itself every little
that the beginning of con-
struction of the combined
Physics -Astronomy -Institute
of Science and Technology
Building should do much to
improve faculty morale.
The mathematics and astrono-
my departments were cited as es-
pecially critical areas. Niehuss
pointed out resignations during
the past year of "four of the top"
professors in the field of theor-
etical mathematics.
He also noted the astronomy de-
partment has been "gutted" by
resignation of two top-ranking
space experts-Prof. Leo Goldberg
and Prof. William Liller.
"Salaries are not involved," Nie-
huss said. "We would not hesitate
to match the salaries they would
get at the other institutions. But
there is a general feeling of a
lack of progress at the University,
a feeling that we are not going
ahead without building programs
and other necessary expansion.
In Ann Arbor last night, Prof.
George Piranian of the mathemat-
ics department told of a classroom
in the basement of the West En-
gineering building where he taught
last year that was so badly ven-
tilated it was "insufferable" if the
door was closed.
Mathematicians Prof. Raoul
Bott and Prof. Gail Young left the
University last year for posts at
Harvard and Tulane.
-Daily-James Warneka
SOUMALAINEN MEANS FINN -- Finnish cartoonist Karl
Soumalainen keeps on defending his country-at-Russia's-back-
door. His cartooning has moved the Soviets to official protests
at times; he spoke at a University-sponsored lecture here
yesterday.
ARMS BRING PEACE:
Cartoonist Sees Hope in War Threat
N~iehuss Itquesi
Greater Suppor-
Says New Construction Projects
Would Boost Morale of Faculty
By THOMAS KABAKER
University Vice-President and Dean of Faculties Ma
L .Niehuss warned the State House Ways and Means ComI
tee yesterday of a "feeling of frustration" among the fac
due to a sense of "lack of progress."
He urged the committee to restore the $500,000 cut I
Gov. G. Mennen Williams' $35.8 million budget recommer
tion for the University during the academic year 1960-1
Niehuss stressed, however, that he did not want to
the impression that the University's faculty was giving
and about to quit. He said"
while and is constantly exposed
to attacks."
"Communism does not acknowl-
edge the existence of any divin-
ity," Suomalainen said. "In its
coarse materialism it belongs to
the mob of ideologies. Mankind's
history means to It merely pro-
duction and distribution. Its goal
of life is well-being, and thus it
does not essentially differ from
the philosophy of life of cats and
dogs.
"According to its materialistic
nature Communism tries to move
the fight of ideologies to commer-
cial fields. If we accepted such a
challenge, we would in fact ad-
mit that our goals are the same
and that the difference is only in
methods.
Ideological Abyss
"It is therefore important to
bear in mind the ideological abyss
that penetrates the fundamental
questions and that divides the free
democracy and Communism."
If we have a clear picture of the
grounds of democracy, we escape
the danger of psychological fa-
tigue in an ideological war, the
cartoonist said.
And in this psychological war,
a cartoonist can, if he so de-
sires, act on a wider basis than
as a mere commentator . . . he
is in a way comparable to a guer-
illa who carries on his.one man's
war.
NCAA SWIM CHAMPIONSHIPS:
'111M' Favored in Quest to Retail
Dennard Labels 'Untenable'
Local GOP Renewal Stand
By ANDY HAWLEY
"The Ann Arbor Republican Party holds what is essentially an
untenable position regarding urban renewal," Richard Dennard,
incumbent Democratic candidate for the City Council said last night.
Dennard is opposed in the race for the First Ward seat by Mrs.
Lydia Flannery. Their ward, in the north central section of the city,
is the one most immediately affected by a rehabilitation program.
"The Republicans say neighborhood improvement should be
based on individual responsibility; that people should save their
money and solve this problem," Dennard told Young Democrats.
"They are absolutely opposed to any kind of federal aid, and ignore
the second level problem-that
of discrimination in employment
and promotion," he continued.
He insisted that in order to
insure reasonable, organized im-
provement of inadequate facili-
ties, a disinterested distribution
of a federal loan fund is neces-
sary.
Such a fund was availablelast
year, he pointed out, when the
Council's application to the fed-
" ; eral government was accepted.
STheCouncil voted to accept the
a kaid, but Mayor Cecil 0. Creal's
veto defeated the motion.
Dennard said that under the
planfor federal aid, interest rates
on loans for neighborhood im-
provement would have been five
and one-half per cent; current
rates on loans from private con-
cerns are six and one-half to
seven per cent, and possibly
<whigher.
Dennard also criticized the
Committee on Neighborhood Im-
nrovement, saving that the com-
Test Cases
Described
As Unfair
By THOMAS HAYDEN
Recent "test cases" run to
termine policies of the Cous
Shop toward Negro shoppers w
called unfair yesterday by an "
terested" University sudent, Rt
er Mahey, '60.
Mahey's criticism was in .tt
called unfair by John LeggE
Grad., spokesman for stude
pickets. Leggett was instrumen
in running the "tests" - sendi
shoppers into the store to t
sales policies.
Mahey, newly-elected preside
of education school, acting "as
interested party," said he hi
talked informally with a clerk
the Cousins Shop. Because of I
conversation he concluded ti
"perhaps in some cases there me
have been a misinterpretation
the store's attitude."
Mahey Criticizes
"It almost seems as though di
crimination has been pratic
against the store itself," Mal
said. He added that Student G
ernment Council's encouragemt
of picketing was "alarming."
The store was charged with d
crimination against a Negro shci
per in a report of the Hum
Relations Commission filed w
the City Council in February.'I
report claimed the store "ignoa
communications from the Co;
mission.'
Two weeks ago University si
dents staged a non-violentaft
noon demonstration in front
the store, and repeated again la
Saturday. Monday they began
week-long picketing.
Directs Tests
Before resuming picketing, Ii
gett said he helped direct five t
cases to determine the stor
policy. He said in one instance I
shopper was allowed to try on I
skirts she chose. But the other fc
women were not permitted to
on clothes, he said.
Mahey said he had heard of t
cases in which women requesi
either "obscure" or hard - to -
items. Leggett said none of I
test cases sought any unusual a
ticles.
At the Cousins Shop the o
off icialstatement was "no e
ment."
Police Requir
Motor Scooter
Night Permits
Anyone desiring to ride a mo
scooter after dark must now e
tain permission from theclh
police officer in his locality, a nE
state law provides.
Ann Arbor Police Chief Cas
M. Enkemann announced yest
By HAL APPLEBAUM
Michigan, seeking its fourth consecutive title and tenth in 23
years, will start defending its crown this afternoon when the annual
NCAA Swimming Championships open at Southern Methodist Pool
in Dallas.
The Wolverines are co-favorites along with Indiana and Southern
California in the three-day championship meet.
1500-Meter Today
On tap today are the finals of the 1500-meter freestyle in the
afternoon, the finals of the 200-yard individual medley, and pre-
liminaries and semi-finals of one-meter diving tonight.
Seven finals will be held tomorrow night with the concluding
seven scheduled for Saturday evening.
While Michigan will be eyeing its tenth title (Ohio State has
won ten and Yale has won the other four team titles), Southern Cali-
fornia and Indiana are newcomers to the ranks of challengers.
Indiana's third-place finish, 94 points behind Michigan's record3
-XIr