ELECTING
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*NANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, JANUARY 6, 1963 SEVEN CENTS
SIX PAGES
MAINTAINS HELICOPTERS:
U.S. Studies Viet Nam War
SAIGON (,)--United States and
Vietnamese officers considered
possible changes in tactics yester-
day to eliminate mistakes that
showed up last Wednesday in th
battle of Ap Bac, the bloodiest of
South Viet Nam's four-year war
against the Communist Viet Cong
Communist fire killed 68 gov-
ernment troops and three Ameri-
cans, wounded about 110 govern-
ment troops and 10 Americans
and downed five U.S. helicopters.
The government said more thar
100 guerrillas were killed. About
40 enemy bodies were found.
There was criticism among
American officers of the conduci
of the attack. The consensus was
that there were inadequate intelli-
gence, poor coordination and a
lack of aggressiveness on the gov-
ernment side.
It was clear, however, that the
basic pattern of airborne assaults
adopted when the United States
began a massive military assist-
ance program in South Viet Nam
13 months ago, will be maintained
The United States defense depart-
ment in Washington announced its
determination to continue the use
of helicopters.
Harkins Plans
The announcement had origin-
ated at headquarters of Gen. Paul
D. Harkins in Viet Nam, passed
through Army channels and had
the approval of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff and the defense depart-
ment. The White House was re-
ported to have asked for a com-
plete report on the battle.
The summary and policy expres-
sion appeared to be intended for
several purposes, including getting
out the Army-defense department
version of what happened last
Wednesday about 35 miles south-
west of Saigon and heading off
criticism of Army tactics in using
helicopters under the jungle war-
fare conditions of Viet Nam.
Inaccessible Areas
The summary said experience
shows helicopters can penetrate
"otherwise inaccessible areas and
deprive guerrilla forces of the ini-
tiative."
A news dispatch from Saigon
yesterday said that in another en-
gagement near the Cambodian
border, the South Vietnamese gov-
,ernment claimed 47 Viet Cong kill-
ed, largely as the result of air
strikes.
ROTC Faces
Cuts, Revision
By Congress
By RICHARD KRAUT
The new Congress will probab-
ly pass legislation on a revision
and cutback in the Reserve Offi-
cer Training Corps in colleges and'
high schools, Senate sources said
yesterday.
The revision, proposed by the
defense department, will call for
an end to ROTC programs in high'
schools, elimination of the present
compulsory ROTC programs in
many land-grant colleges and re-
duction of the four-year ROTC
courses in most universities to two
years.
According to Army ROTC direc-
tor Thomas A. Harris, the defense
department is asking for a revised
program, due to high cost and to
induce more students to take RO-
TC.
Pay Increase?
Col. Harris noted that the new
program might carry with it an
increase in pay. He said that the
defense department will suggest
that students in the ROTC pro-
gram be paid $47 per month, rath-
er than the $28 they now receive.
In addition, he said that the sum-
mer work' session might be ex-
tended, so that a student could
earn from $1,100 to $1,200 for a
year's work in the proposed pro-
gram.
GCl. Harris cited the increasing
number of students attending jun-
ior colleges and then going on to
a university for their junior and
senior years and said that the re-
vised two-year program would en-
able these students to participate
in ROTC.
He also added that the cost of
the present training program was
a factor in the defense depart-
ment's decision to ask for a cut-
back. Defense officials have esti-
mated that if Congress passes the
proposed legislation, the savings
might come to several million dol-
lars.
Few Officers
In addition, sponsors of the new
proposal contend that the armed
services have been getting relative-
1Y few officers. either career or
VIET NAM HELICOPTER-The United States will continue to
use helicopters as a basic pattern of military assaults in the Viet-
namese war. Helicopters enable troops to penetrate inaccessible
areas and deprive guerrillas of the initiative.
'U' CONFAB:
USNSA Region creates
New Executive Posit ion
By DANIEL SHAFER
The Michigan Region of the United States National Student As-
sociation created the new post of second national executive council
representative last night.
This position, suggested by Student Government Council member
Howard Abrams, '63, and Gregory Nigosian of Wayne State University,
will be regional secretary as well as being a second delegate sent to
the USNSA National Executive'
Fear End
To School
2Ileas are
WASHINGTON () - House
members responsible for trying to
push President John F. Kennedy's
education program through Con-
gress see little chance for the gen-
eral school aid bill.
Although the administration has
yet to unveil its 1963 edition of a
school bill, there is little to indi-
cate it will differ greatly from
those that failed to pass in 1961
and 1962.
With the makeup of the new
House little changed from the one
that rejected earlier bills, and with
the religious controversy still exist-
ing, these members see no reason
to look for a different outcome
this year.
No Aid
Privately they predict no feder-
al aid for the nation's elementary
and secondary schools is likely to
be voted this year.
This does not mean none of
Kennedy's education programs will
pass. Early prospects are fair for
some sort of aid to higher educa-
tion, and there is also a reasonable
chance for passage of bills aimed
at specific targets, such as im-
proving technical and vocational
education and teacher training.
But no such victories would com-
pensate in the administration view
for loss of the general school aid
bill, which Kennedy has repeat-
edly called the basis of any effort
to improve the nation's education-
al system.
Committed
Although the President seems
committed to putting forward a
school bill each year, some sup-
porters of such legislation feel that
the annual combat should be fore-
gone for a while.
The House is unreceptive now
and should be allowed time, while
efforts are made to find a solution
to the church-state controversy
that has contributed to the suc-
cession of defeats.
In the absence of such agree-
ment, some congressional sources
feel, only the full force of Ken-
nedy's leadership could produce a
school bill. They regard it unlike-
ly that the President would force
an all-out fight that might tend
to divide the nation along religious
lines.
Cudlip Seeks
Nomination
For Regents
Grosse Pointe Shores attorney
William B. Cudlip, '26L, is seek-
ing the Republican nomination for
candidate in the April 1 Regents'
election.
Cudlip is the third person to de-
clare his candidacy for the two
new terms on the eight-man board.
If he receives the GOP nomina-
tion at the Feb. 15-16 state con-
vention, he will oppose Regents
Eugene B. Power (Ann Arbor) and
Donald M. D. Thurber (Detroit),
who will seek re-election on the
Democratic ticket.
Cudlip was a constitutional con-
vention delegate, serving as chair-
man of con-con's style and draft-
ing committee and a member of
its judicial branch committee.
He lauded the new constitution,
and criticized the Democratic can-
didates for opposing it. "The edu-
cation section in the proposed con-
stitution is being heralded by edu-
cators and school people as a
splendid proposal," Cudlip com-
mented. i
UN)
USee Hope
For Peace,
F'shombe
Near
t,
a
i
x
r
OSU Senate
Fights Aetion
The student senate of Ohio State
University voted Friday to oppose
the amendment made to the guest
speaker rule by the OSU board of
trustees in December.
It also voted to establish a spe-
cial committee to study the speak-
er's rule problem on campus.
In its action, the board passed
an amendment to the speaker's
rule which clarified the university
president's authority in reviewing
requests to invite speakers to cam-
pus, giving him the authority "to
take such action as, in his judg-
ment, he deems necessary or ad-
visable in the best and over-all
interest of the university."
Pass Motion
The student senate's motion,
passed in voice vote that tallied
only one "nay," resolved that it
"reaffirms its opposition to this
addition to the speaker's rule and
renews all responsible means at its
disposal. A copy of this resolution
will be forwarded to the board of
trustees."
The motion also included the
number of students, 3,004, who
signed a petition favoring its pro-
posal; the freshman senate's en-
dorsement of the proposal; the
support "in principle" by the
American Association of Universi-
ty Professors; and the referral of
the new speaker's rule back to the
faculty advisory committee for fur-
ther study by the faculty council.
Two days before the board pass-
ed the amendment to the rule, the
faculty council had "recommit-
ted" the amendment to the fac-
ulty advisory committee for furth-
er study.
Slapped Down
Student body president James
H. Gross said "You do feel like
you've been slapped down and
wonder if it's worth it to get back'
up. But that's the whole history
of student government."
He outlined the steps to take
action against the proposal, call-
ing for personal contact with
board members to explain the stu-
dent side of the problem and con-
tinued work with the faculty coun-
cil to unite student and faculty
opinion.
The speaker controversy devel-
oped last spring when OSU banned
Frank Wilkenson and Carl Braden,
two accused as unconvicted Com-
munists, from speaking.
To Hike Rates
t( . I T Q 1 BaI4~ica-
Council.
According to the proposal adopt-
ed by the plenary session last
night, the duties of the second rep-
resentative shall be to attend its
meetings as a voting representa-
tive when the Region has a second
vote, and as an alternate when it
does not; to prepare a report of
the pre-congress, post-congress
and congress NEC meetings; and
to serve as official secretary for
all meetings of the regional as-
sembly, executive committee, and
staff.
The motion also makes clear
that the second NEC representa-
tive shall not be prevented from
simultaneously serving as a vice-
chairman "or other staff member."
The conference also heard In-
terim Chairman Robert Ross, '63,
outline the needs for "a more spe-
cific and better-planned program
of the Region," passed several pro-
cedural amendments to the region-
al constitution, and amended the
bylaws to conform to the change
in posts.
The following candidates an-
nounced for regional officers:
Abrams, chairman, Ross, second
NEC representative, Robert Lauf-
er, Wayne State University, and
Michael Kass, '65, educational af-
fairs vice-chairman; Fred Batlle,
'64A&D, Douglas Blagdon, Michi-
gan State University, for interna-
tional affairs vice-chairman; and
Joel Sharkey, Wayne State Univer-
sity for student organizational af-
fairs vice-chairman.
The last plenary session, to be
held today, will consider leg-
islation and recommendations pro-
duced by today's workshops on
student and university problems.
S ettleinent
Kennedy, Rusk Push
For Decisive Action
PALM BEACH (') - Secretary
of State Dean Rusk emerged from
a two-hour session with President
John F. Kennedy yesterday and
reported "there's a real chance of
getting a quick settlement in the
Congo."
But, he added, it's up to Katan-
ga President Moise Tshombe to
bring about a peaceful settlement,
which Rusk described as long over-
due.
Tshombe, Rusk said, has indi-
cated he goes along in principle
with United Nations Secretary-
General U Thant's reconciliation
plan.
Need Performance ;
"What we need now is perform-
ance." He said the Congo dispute
had been "dragging on much too
long," but he feels there is "a real
chance of settlement now."
Rusk said he brought the Presi-
dent up to date on the Congo sit-
uation in their morning meeting
But the situation changes there
hour by hour, he added.
NATO and the Nassau pact
agreement on Polaris missiles were
on the agenda also, Rusk said.
Hasty Session
Kennedy summoned Rusk, NATO
Ambassador Thomas K. Finletter
and Central Intelligence director
John A. McCone to the hastily
called session.
The White House press spokes-
man maintained the session with
the three top officials yesterday
was not the result of any emer-
gency.
McCone was said to have given
the President a general intelligence
report, and Rusk said they discuss-
ed NATO and a dozen other top-
ics.
He said Finletter, why leaves for
Paris Monday, "has his instruc-
tions" for talks he will engage in
during the next two or three weeks
at NATO meetings in Paris.
De Gaulle Letter
Rusk indicated one subject of.
discussion was a recent letter
French President Charles de
Gaulle sent to Kennedy in reply
to the Nassau pact agreement and
the United States offer to provide
France with Polaris missiles.
Asked about contents of the let-
ter and Paris reports that de
Gaulle had neither accepted nor
rejected the Nassau proposals and
planned to go ahead with his own
independent nuclear deterrent,
Rusk said that "those are pretty
good reports."
But he would not give any other
hint about the contents of the de
Gaulle letter. Nor are there any
immediate plans for a de Gaulle-
Kennedy meeting.
Rusk re-emphasized that the
Nassau agreement on Polaris and
its implementation will be the sub-
ject of continuing talks and con-
ferences among NATO nation offi-
cials for some time.
Presumably a first step, Rusk
said, would be the assignment of
certain additional elements to the
NATO countries under existing
control arrangements.
Katanga War Bogs Down,
WAR SLOWS-The Congo war slowed down yesterday as Belgium
and British diplomats try to convince Katanga President Moise
Tshombe (left) to negotiate with the United Nations. United States
Secretary of State Dean Rusk predicted an early end to Congo
problems.
ARREST SUSPECTS:
Pert Junta Announces
rVictory Over Red Plot.
LIMA (P-President Ricardo Perez Godoy's military junta an-
nounced yesterday it has smashed a Communist plot against Peru, al-
legedly masterminded and financed by Moscow, Prague and Havana.
Raiding squads arrested more than 300 persons suspected of
,taking part in plots, calling for assassination of armed forces chiefs
and key industrial leaders.
Civil guarantees were suspended throughout the nation, and dur-
ing the suspension authorities can make arrests and enter private
homes without warrants. Public t-
meetings and demonstrations. are
prohibited, and zonal military
commanders took over the conduct
of political affairs.
Crushed Early
The junta said the plot was
crushed a few days before Red
agents were scheduled to touch off
an uprising with hit and run raids
across Peru, which has been con-
sidered a key country in President
John F. Kennedy's $20 billion Al-
liance for Progress Program.
A communique said initial tar-
gets included airports, bridges, wa-
terworks, radio stations and power
plants.
Red arsenals included rifles,
bombs, pistols and submachine
guns smuggled in from abroad. The
junta charged that some weapons
had been shipped from Miami,
Fla., as electrical appliances.
Secret Radio
A secret radio station was re-
ported set up near the Bolivian
border to receive instructions from
abroad, and subversive strongholds
were set up in Lima and seven
other points.
The junta said the plot was aim-
ed to sow seeds of unrest in all
walks of life and to reverse Peru's
pro-Western policy.
The Red timetable called for a
victory celebration in May, with,
a parade displaying huge pictures
of foreign Communist leaders, pre-
sumably including Khrushchev
and Castro.
The crackdown followed strike
violence and other disorders, large-
ly among peasants and miners.
This unrest had caused the most
severe criticism of the government,
since the armed forces deposed
President Manuel Prado and re-
placed him with General Perez
Godoy in a bloodless coup last July
18.
OrderTrial
FrBarnett
NEW ORLEANS (M)-A federal
appeals court yesterday ordered
Mississippi Gov. Ross Barnett and
Lt. Gov. Paul B. Johnson to show
Feb. 8 why they should not be
held in criminal contempt for
blocking James H. Meredith's ad-
mission to the University of Mis-
sissippi,
The Fifth United States Circuit
Court of Appeals, in an order sign-
ed by six of its nine judges, said
it would try the two officials at a
later date, if they pleaded inno-
cent or showed other cause at
that time.
If they fail to appear to answer
the four counts charged by the
federal government, the two could
be found guilty immediately and
sentenced to heavy fines and or
imprisonment.
Judge's Discretion
Penalties in criminal contempt
cases, regarded as punishment for
past actions, are almost unlimited
and are usually at the discretion
of the judges.
By yesterday's action, the court
firmly kept in its own hands the
case against the two officials,
charged with four specific acts de-
signed to keep Meredith out of the
university.
One of the charges against Bar-
nett is that, on Sept. 30 when the
riots occurred, he "wilfully failed
to exercise his responsibility, au-
thority, and influence as governor
to maintain law and order upon
the campus of the University of
Mississippi ."
Violate Order
The charges against the two of-
ficials specifically accused them of
violating a temporary restraining
order, issued by the appeals court
Sept. 25, which forbade interfer-
ence with the court's directive for
the university to register Meredith.
Barnett and Johnson were both
convicted-in absentia--of civil
contempt. Barnett drew a $10,000
daily fine and Johnson a $5,000
daily fine, butdneither penalty has
been imposed.
Civil contempt action is an at-
tempt to prevent violation--main-
ly in the future-of a court order,
while criminal contempt is action
for past defiance.
Brazil To Vote
On State Form
By The Associated Press
Talks
Urge Session
'On Quieting
Congo Battle
Munongo's Army
Reported Marching
Toward ElisabethVille
LEOPOLDVILLE (MP-The war
in Katanga stalled yesterday,
clearing the air for possible peace
talks.
A Katangan official said Bel-
gian and British diplomats are
trying to persuade Katanga Presi-
dent Moise Tshombe to meet
United Nations representatives in
Elisabethville.
Katanga Interior Minister Gode-
froid Munongo is also said to be
leading an 1000 man private army
to Elisabethville, from the North-
ern Rhodesian border.
Halt Drive
A high-ranking United Nations
officer in Elisabethville said Unit-
ed Nations forces had halted t1~eir
drive toward Tshombe's war head-
quarters in Kolwezi "until the
political situation crystalizes."
Tshombe's forces were reported re-
grouping and rearming in Kolwezi
with supplies from Portuguese An-
gola.
A Katangan cabinet source said
Portuguese administrators in An-
gola are giving Tshombe every
assistance .for a continued fight
against the United Nations. The
source said military supplies for
Katanga have been unloaded at
Lobito over the past few weeks.
Portugal is at odds with the
United Nations, because of an ef-
fort to force Lisbon to grant in-
dependence to Angola.
Return to Capital
In Ndola, Northern Rhodesia,
the acting representative for Ka-
tanga, Jean Tasnicz, said that as
a result of intercession by British
and Belgian consuls in Elisabeth-
ville there was a possibility
Tshombe would return this week-
end to the Katangan capital.
There were signs the United
States would oppose a return of
Tshombe to Elisabethville for talks
unless he promised to repudiate
the further use of force. There
were fears in Washington the Bel-
gians and British would have
Tshombe return on. whatever
terms they can make with him.
State department authorities say
Tshombe still would have a major
role to play in a unified Congo
because of his political popularity.
The Rhodesian federal govern-
ment also informed the United
Nations yesterday it is placing
fighter plane patrols on its bor-
ders with Katanga, because a
number of United Nations fighters
violated Rhodesian airspace.
Diplomats in Leopoldville have
said a halt in the United Nations
advance would clear the way for
Tshombe to return to Elisabeth-
ville. The Katangan leader says he
is willing to talk, but that he will
fight to the finish if the United
Nations refuses.
United Nations Secretary-Gen-
eral U Thant has said he wants
"action-not words" from Tshom-
be meaning he wants the Katan-
gan chief to satrt putting United
Nations plan for Congo unification
into effect immediately.
Announce Plan
To Reorganize
National Guard
Two spokesmen for the confer-
ence of governors expressed belief
that most states will accept the
new one-step army plan to shape
the national guard--and the re-
serves-on the same pattern as
the regular army.
The army said the retooling to
the new combat structure should
be completed before summer.
The army's plan announced yes-
terday would reorganize National
Guard divisions and brigades in
the same way the regular army is
being revamped, as soon as the
state and the Pentagon reach
agreement on a general revamping
of the guard.
Thus the army's one-step plan
revealed by Vance yesterday ap-
peared to be designed to offer
CONTRACT WITH SOCIETY:.
Heyns Views Freedom of Universities
4> a
By JEAN TENANDER
Addressing the Michigan Re-
gional of the United States Na-
tional Student Association on the
subject of "University Autonomy,'
Vice-President for Academic Af-
fairs Roger W. Heyns said that°
the freedom accorded to a univer-
sity develops as a matter of agree-
ment between society and the in-
stitution.:
He described a university as a
social institution whose primary'
functions are to perpetuate cul-
ture and lead the way to discov-
eries in all fields of learning. So-
ciety depends upon the university
to contribute to the solution of the
Droblems it finds itself faced with.
they are still there, but this test-
ing should never be done capri-
ciously."
The fact that the relation be-
tween a university and society is
something evolving away from a
See related stories, page 2 #
mutual agreement makes it valid
for the society to require certain
standards and regulationsfrom the
institution. The only time this sit-
uation becomes dangerous and a
threat to freedom is when the same
area of inquiry is always proscrib-
ed. "However, I do not feel we
are in any way in this situation,"
he said.
I labor, or anything else. Further-
more, action involving persons!
with certain backgrounds, an in-
dividual being a known Commu-
nist, for example, cannot be con-
sidered as valid examples of pro-#
scription.
"If membership in the Commu-
nist Party or whatever else is de-,
fined as a partnership in a for-
eign plot to overthrow the govern-
ment, then I think it would be im-
prudent for a university to hirej
this person." This would not be an
action committed on the grounds
of political expediency, but rather
an act guided by educational con-;
sierations.