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VOL LXXIII, No. 78 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1962 SEVEN CENTS
SIX PAGES
Year in Review
(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the second in a two-part series presenting The
Daily's anual review of the University's top 10 stories of the year. The first
section, which appeared yesterday, featured the Office of Student Affairs, the
Office of Academic Affairs, finances, University affairs and Student Gov-
ernment Council. It left off with an account of the violation-riddled SGC
elections last spring.)
By GERALD STORCH and RONALD WILTON
Student Government Council began its spring term under a cloud
of suspicion and uncertainty.
Fresh from a campaign which saw three candidates disqualified
for violating election rules, SGC was starting consideration of some
of the most crucial and complex problems it would ever have to
face.
The major issue the new Council found itself dealing with was
the compliance of Sigma Nu fraternity with the University's regu-:
lations on non - discrimination
membership selection. On March
7 SGC's Committee on Member-
ship on Student Organizations
submitted a recommendation ask-
ing for withdrawal of recognition
from the fraternity by the end of
the semester if it did not comply
with the regulation.
The Sigma Nu national consti-
tution under membership qualifi-
cation states that "members must -
be Men, free born and of free an- : : f?
cestry and without Negro blood."
At the time the committee made
its recommendation, the local
chapter voted to apply to the na-
tional for a waiver from the bias
clause. On March 29, however, the
national put the local in receiver-
ship, withholding all authority
from the local to handle its own
affairs. Scholastic troubles, local
finances, poor morale as well as
the trouble over the membership.
regulation were cited as reasons STEVEN STOCKMEYER
for the action. ... SGC problems
Receivership
The receivership listed until
April 17 when the local was grant- <
ed a waiver by the national. On
May 3 the committee on member-
ship withdrew its recommendation
that Sigma Nu be expelled from
campus.
The November Council elections
featured as an added attraction a
referendum to decide whether the
University should retain affiliation
with the United States National
Student Association.
The campaign was highlighted
by the formation of two rival or-
ganizations, Better off Out and
Friends of USNSA. 'The competing
sOc candidates joined the two
organizations and the issue was in-
Itensely debated all over campus.,
In the referendum on :.Nov. 14
the student body decided to retain
affiliation with USNSA by a vote
of 3,667 to 3,483.
Union Changes ROBERT FINKE
6) This year was a busy one for Union modernization
many student organizations on the
campus, with major changes coming in the Michigan Union and
fraternity rush, and a flurry of activity over "student issues."
At its January meeting, the Union's Board of Directors instituted
a basic re-emphasis of the Union's orientation-away from a "private
men's club," and towards an "all-campus" facility.
As concrete implementations of this philosophical change, the
Union outlined plans for a ,conference center, improved hotel and
dining facilities, and a better public image.
New Mug
The first step in this series was completed this September with
the remodeling of the MUG.
On that same day in January, the Fraternity Presidents' As-
sembly, in an attempt to bolster small houses, re-arranged several
rush- procedures.
It organized the fraternity system into six geographical districts,
with a rushee wequired to visit at least one house in each area and
a minimum of 10 houses. This setup made its debut last fall.
Judic Procedures
Another organizational shake-up came later in the spring, when
Joint Judiciary Council revised several of its operating procedures
to adhere more closely to principles of "due process."
Under the new measures, student defendants were allowed to
call in witnesses on their behalf, obtain counsel and open the
judicial proceedings to the public.
Meanwhile, students kept up their interests in political activity
by working through a variety of established and ad-hoc organizations.
In February about 100 University students traveled to Washing-
ton to demonstrate for peace along with more than 7000 students
from all over the country.
Peace Vigil
In March a group of students held a peace vigil by the flagpole
to mark the opening of the Geneva disarmament talks.
Also in March the whole controversy over the House Committee
on Un-American Activities returned to campus with the showing
by the Democratic-Socialist club of the film "Operation Correction."
This was produced by the American Civil Liberties Union as a
counter to the HUAC film "Operation Abolition" which had been
shown on campus the year before.
The HUAC issue cropped up again in April when a sub-committee
of HUAC went to Los Angeles to probe "subversive activities" in the
area. On April 23 about 350 students gathered on the Diag to protest
the hearings and listen to speakers urge the abolition of the com-
mittee.
Protest Cuba Policy
The Diag also saw another demonstration on Oct. 24 when more
than 300 students, assembled to protest President John F. Kennedy's
blockade of Cuba. They were met by a larger group of students in
favor of the blockade. After assembling on the Diag the pro-
blockade students marched to the city-county building downtown
for another demonstration.
Just recently a small group of University students twice traveled
to the campus of Michigan State University-Oakland to protest the
firing of MSU history Prof. Samuel Shapiro. The students claimed
that he was fired for his leftists views on Cuba and that the action
represented a violation of academic freedom.k
7) Problems with controversial speakers aroused considerable
o+ Ainv'n at this and nther state universities.
Pollock UrgesSupport
For Con-Con Document
By WILLIAM BENOIT
Prof. James Pollock of the political science department urged
support of Michigan's new Constitution last night at a meeting spon-
sored by the Young Republicans Club.
"If you're interested in giving Michigan a good*constitution, sup-
port this document because it's likely to be the last chance you'll
get for many years to come," Pollock, a delegate to last year's consti-
tutional convention, said Pollock named the provision for the recon-
I ~' struction of the executive branch
Kennedy, Macmillan Meet
O n Possible Congo Crisis
Shapiro Cites
Rationale
Commenting on his request
Tuesday for the American Associa-
tion of University Professors to
intervene in his case, Michigan
State University-Oakland Prof.
Samuel Shapiro said, "I asked the
local AAUP chapter to investigate
the circumstances surrounding the
university's decision not to renew
my appointment."
There are charges being made
presently that Prof. Shapiro was
not reappointed due to his critical
views of United States foreign
policy and his opinions on Cuba.
However, until Tuesday Prof.
Shapiro himself had not taken
any action protesting MSU-O's
decision.
"I had been quite surprised to
learn that my contract was not
to be renewed and it took me quite
a while to decide if I should con-
test it," he noted.
Submits Evidence
He has submitted statements
and documents to the local AAUP
which include "some things which
had been said to me by people who
made the decision, newspaper
clippings and other things."
Although the proper AAUP
channel for cases of violation of
academic freedom is through hte
national organization, Prof. Sha-
piro has decided to attempt a lo-
cal investigation first.
This may imply that he does
not view the case as a violation or
that more investigation is neces-
sary before he is willing to sub-
mit it to the national as a case
of academic freedom violation.
Quotes Definition
Prof. Shapiro remarked that
the letter submitted to MSU Pres-
ident John A. Hannah by MSU-O
Chancellor Durward B. Varner,
which explained MSU-O did not
reappoint Prof. Shapiro for aca-
demic reasons, quoted the AAUP
statement of definition on aca-
demic freedom.
Prof. Shapiro noted that this
implied that he may have trans-
gressed these rules the AAUPhas
set up for academic freedom, re-
sponsibility, and violations of
these.
Bissell To Talk
At Graduation
Dr. Claude Thomas Bissell, pres-
ident of the University of Toronto,
will speak at midyear graduation
ceremonies at the University on
Jan. 26.
Erich A. Walter, University sec-
retary, said 1,644 persons are ex-
pected to be eligible to graduate,
including 190 with the doctorate
and 578 with the masters degree.
Following the 2 p.m. ceremonies
at Hill Aud. a reception will be
held in the Women's League
Ballroom.
University President Harlan
Hatcher will preside over the
ceremonies. The degrees will be
actually awarded after the close
of the final examination period
on Feb. 2.
of state government, changing four
administrative offices from elec-
tive to appointive as the most out-
standing feature of the new Con-
stitution.
Cites Changes
Other important changes deal
with methods of apportionment,
the power of the Senate to "advise
and consent" to the governor's ap-
pointments and an expanded pro-
gram of civil rights to be enforced
by a Civil Rights Commission, Pol-
lock said.
Under the new Constitution, the
commission will investigate cases
of discrimination and the Legis-
lature shall appropriate funds for
its operation.I
The proposed Constitution pro-
vides for improved inter-govern-
mental relations between state and
local units. This is an attempt to
better equip both levels to deal
with not only present and press-
ing concerns but also problems
which will probably come up in the
future, Pollock said.
Aid to Local Government
Pollock noted that state and lo-
cal governments were "hamstrung"
under the old constitution and ex-
pressed hope that the new consti-
tution would strengthen local gov-
ernment and "check the drift of
power to federal government."
The educational plank in the
new Constitution remains un-
changed regarding independence
for the University and Michigan
State University but gives increas-
ed autonomy to smaller colleges
throughout the state, Pollock said.
Pollock's speech was devoted to
answering the major criticisms of
the Democrats opposing the new
document. Both the GOP and the
Democrats are preparing to battle
on the proposed constitution.
A decision will be made at next
April's election.
Arms Confab
Earns Praise
Of Stevenson
United Nations Ambassador Ad-
lai E. Stevenson yesterday sent a
telegram to the International
Arms Control Symposium congrat-
ulating the group on its efforts
and research in the field of arms
control.
The telegram read, "as most of
the world realizes, a prodigal arms
race is dangerous and deadly
folly. Here in the United States
we want to save not destroy our
fellow man.
"We want to devote the re-
sources now swallowed up by this
insatiable monster to the unfinish-
ed tasks of our own society. And
we want to devote these resources
to giving every soul on earth a
chance for a better life.
"Programs such as yours are
at once a practical demonstration
of our determination to achieve a
peaceful world and a valuable
means of approaching that goal."
At last night's session it was
announced that President John F.
Kennedy will also send a message
to the group today.
ARMS CONTROL CONFERENCE:
Ionlding Notes Social Issues
By ELLEN SILVERMAN
The problem which faces mankind in transition is the intellectual
task of understanding social systems and cultivating social perception,
Prof. Kenneth Boulding of the economics department, co-director of
the Center for Conflict Resolution, said last night.
Prof. Boulding told an International Arms Control Symposium
conference that the university is the only agency in society which
- is committed more to the future
Fear Reds
Cites Need
For Facts
By DANIEL SHAFER
There is a need for more gen-
eral knowledge and information
about disarmament and arms con-
trol, Joseph O. Hanson, Jr. of the
United States Information Agency
said yesterday.
Hanson indicated that the USIA
has been striving, through films,
books, pamphlets and mass media,
to achieve more universal ander-
standing of the problems and feas-
ibility of international arms con-
trol plans.
"But there are two basic ob-
stacles to conveying these prob-
lems to the minds of the people,"
he said.
First, the problem is very coin-
plex. "The people have a tenden-
cy to become overwhelmed by
technical terminology and to take
the attitude that international
arms control is none of their busi-
ness," Hanson noted.
Second, it is a very frustrating
field. "A preponderance of talk
has led to virtually not action,"
Hanson noted.
"A major obstacle to overcome
in trying to communicate the
problems and ideas of internation-
al arms control to the people is
the preponderance of stereotyped
ideas which many people hold rel-
ative to this issue," Hanson con-
tinued.
The most important of these
stereotypes is the "Utopia stereo-
type," he said. "The concent that
disarmament can never happen
because it has not yet happened is
very firmly entrenched in the
minds of many people," Hanson
stated.
This popular misconception has
given birth to several sub-myths.
The sub-myth that internation-
al disarmament would cause eco-
nomic depression and chaos is "on
the road to extinction," Hanson
claimed. He cited the United Na-
tions report of last year which
painted a favorable outlook of the
economic effects of an interna-
tional arms control plan.
than to the past, despite the his-
tory department, more to man-
kind rather than to the individual,
despite the fact that this is a
public institution and more to
truth than to a version of it,
despite the faculty.
Prof. Boulding compared the
arms race to the Red Queen from
Alice in Wonderland; you run as
fast as you can to stay in the
same place.
Size Significant
The relative size of armed forces
is what is significant. The armsj
race is like inflation; you spend
more absolutely but the relative
size of the forces remain the same.
Rather than building up arms,
we should turn to studying social
systems. This is where the univer-
sity's business is, Prof. Boulding
continued.
A university should deal not
with the tasks of society but with
questioning whether tasks are
worth doing. It would operate best
independent, but not isolated from
the operating agencies of the
country.
Agencies Don't Think
Operating agencies don't think,
Prof. Boulding maintained. But it
is the university's business to
think. If however, the university
were isolated its ideas wouldn't
be put toe use.
"One would like to see, there-
fore, attached with every operating
agency, governmental agency or
industrial plant some university
or university department.".
Money spent for an arms build-
up buys insecurity, fear and an
absolute dimunition of power of
the greater states.
We see this in the fact that
the United States can't push Cuma
around now nor can the Russians
push the Albanians around, he
added.
$500 Billion Failure
"When we spend the $500 billion
we have spent in the last 10
years on arms, and then the
armed forces turn around and
tell you to dig your own hole, it
looks to me like a failure.
The major. disallocation of in-
tellectual resources is the prob-
lem today. There is too much re-
search done in agriculture and
weapons development but not
enough in social systems, he said.
KENNETH BOULDING
... social action
Taylor Rapst
U.S. Policy
By BARBARA PASH
"Nothing is to be gained fromt
the American government's con-
tinued policy of nuclear deter-
rents," Harold Taylor, chairman1
of the National Research Council
on Peace Strategy, said yesterday.1
ISpeaking before the Interna-
tional Arms Control Symposiumt
on the subject of "Arms Control
and Peace," he noted that the
governmental trend to assume1
that only those in federal agencies
are capable of dealing with dis- '
armament conceptions needs to be1
corrected.
Government officials must not
become isolated from the Ameri-
can public and thereby assume
that their conclusions are cate-
gorically correct, Taylor contin-
ued.
Citizens' Organizations
"The United States government1
should take a friendly attitude
to student, faculty and citizens'
peace organizations, and not mere-
ly view them tolerantly," he noted.
When it becomes un-American
to speak against war and for peace
something should be done in Con-
gress to prevent our representa-
tives from harrassing the people
who elected them, Taylor ex-
plained.
"We need new kinds of answers
to problems which we haven't
solved, rather than finding tech-
nological answers to problems we
have already solved. Research is
required to find new solutions.
When people think, talk and act,
they deflect the course of history,"
he declared.
Bloc Formation
We have shown a constant con-
cern for forming a military bloc,
rather than thinking in terms
of world peace, Taylor said. By
adopting the dialectics of two op-
posing forces, we have sustained
the Soviet Union's position and
thrown suspicion on our military
motives, he added.
"We want a new international
order through peace-keeping ma-
chines, but the world is dubious
about our aims. And yet we have
afforded little indication that we
saw the world in more sophisticat-
;ed terms," he explained.
Taylor declared that as a pow-
.erful leader, America must act to
create a new democratic order in
"nthe world. Humanity will always
judge a nation by its motives and
'the outcome of its actions rather
than by the number of missiles it
Lpossesses, he said.
i Eastern Revolutions
"In the Western world we have
"had our revolutions; the Eastern
nations are having theirs now. It
will be a long time before we be-
come accustomed to their aims
May Present
New Threat
U.S. Sends Mission
To Inspect, Evaluate
UN Forces in Area
By The Associated Press
NASSAU - President John F.
Kennedy and British Prime Min-
ister Harold Macmillan began
their talks yesterday with an un-
expected focus of concern over a
possible new Soviet threat in the
Congo.
Even before the American and
British leaders had met for an
hour, United States offilcal sources
disclosed Kennedy had decided to
send a top United States military
mission to the Congo.
The mission's task is to make
a-i urgent survey of the needs of
the United Nations forces in the
Congo, and their ability to deal
with what Washington fears may
be increased conflict over Congo
unification.
More Supplies
The United States has agreed to
supply additional equipment for
the UN force, a UN spokesman
said yesterday.
United States officials were be-
lieved to feel the Russians may
move into the Congo, particular-
ly if the persisting secession in
Katanga province brings about a
collapse of the moderate central
government at Leopoldville.
The Soviet Union held a strong
hand in the Congo for a time when
the late Patrice Lumumba ruled as
premier. Now remnant leftist fol-
lowers of Lumumba threaten the
Leopoldville government on the
Katanga and other issues.
Skybolt Dispute
Kennedy and Macmillan flew
here to seek a'n end of the Sky-
bolt Missile dispute that divides
them, and to strengthen the
Anglo-American alliance in the
cold war. The Congo, as a poten-
tial cold war trouble spot, is an
area in which Britain also is deep-
ly concerned.
The informants said the decision
reached at the White House yes-
terday came amid increasing
United States concern over some
new bid by Russia to establish a
power position in the central Af-
rican nation. These informants
would not exclude the possibility
that in an extreme crisis the
United States would consider put-
ting some of its forces into the
Congo.
In a coordinated move at UN
headquarters, United States am-
bassador Adlai E. Stevenson con-
veyed the American decision to
UN Secretary-General U Thant.
This disclosure evoked surprise
among UN delegates there.
Strained Friendships
The Anglo-American allianeL
has not been without strains, and
the Congo is one of them.
The United States has given
strong support to UN efforts to
get Katanga President Moise
Tshombe to end his secession from
the central Congolese government,
to begin sharing Katanga's wealth
with the Leopoldville regime, and
to give up his independent military
force.
The British government, while
supporting these aims, has cau-
tioned repeatedly against actions
it considers severe, and only re-
luctantly agreed to join in an em-
bargo on Katanga's mineral ex-
prsshould such a move be in-
voked to compel Tshombe to end
his secession.
'U' Announces
Plans To Open
Parking Unit
The University will open two of
the seven floors of the Thompson
Street Parking Structure at 7 a.m.
Thursday, according to University
Parking director John S. Walters.
Approximately 200 cars will be
O'Neil Examines Relations
Of Industry, Arms Control
There is a mutual int
others who are concerned w
president of engineering of t
Industry is not isolate
largest imponderable of toda
to give to such control, het
Yuletide Spiri eetrates Fog
By TODD PIERCE
Maybe no one could see Santa
through the fog, but they sang
with him anyway.
The confused cloud that had
lost its way in the skies and had
ended up over the Diag didn't
succeed in discouraging those who
came to the all-campus Christmas}
sing; the spirit of old St. Nick
soon spread out to everyone at
the old-time community sing.
From one end of the Diag to
the other, passers-by could hear.
the refrains of familiar Christmas ..
carols. When it seemed that the
distant chimes of Burton Tower
threatened to drown out the car-
toling, the singers weren't dis-X
mayed. They merely sang louder.f';
er-dependence between industry and all
ith arms control, Russell D. O'Neil, vice-
he Bendix Corporation, said yesterday.
d; not only is it concerned with "the
ay," arms control, but it has contributions
told an audience at last night's Interna-
" tional Arms Control Symposium
banquet at the Michigan Union.
Future planning in industry ac-
cepts the inevitability of change.
Businessmen are seeking stable
conditions and in understanding
what brings about these conditions
- businessmen now need to know
about economic and social forces.
Apprehensive View
hgAlthough at one point industry
rsry viewed arms control with appre-
chension today there is a realiza-
tion that it can do something
about the issue. "This symposium
S says that the threat of war can
.. be dealt with intelligence and
thoughtfulness," O'Neil continued.
As those contributions which in-
dustry can give to significant arms
control O'Neil listed analytic cap-
ao nes, a a a a equipmet
which can be used in monitoring! and customs," he noted.
techniques and a readiness to ac- The Soviet Union belongs to the
cept new research. Western world because they have
The technical data and equip- had their revolution. The political
ment can be used for effective stance of the West remains a ser-
i
am