Seventy-Third Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
"Where Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG., ANN ARBOR, MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241
Truth Will Prevai"t'
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1962 NIGHT EDITOR: DENISE WACKER
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
View World Tension, Local Scene
Graduate Student Council
Effectively Meets Objectives
AT ITS FIRST MEETING of the year last
week, a revitalized Graduate Student Coun-
cil evidenced qualities of leadership and in-
telligence, which, if continued, should make
the council a strong and effective element
in the affairs of graduate students at the
University.
The council's avowed purpose is to coordinate
and promote "the social, educational and in-
tellectual activities of the graduate student
body." The first of these objective is being
admirably carried out, for the social chairman's
report revealed that flocks of grad students
have been availing themselves of the GSC-
sponsored "social hours" held periodically at
the Veterans of Foreign Wars Club.
The council's consideration of more sober
issues,. including curtailments in special for-
eign language courses, last spring's tuition
increase, and GSC's tenuous relationship to
the Graduste School Executive Board, did
much to iromote the "educational and in-
tellectual" welfare of the graduate student
body.
THE LANGUAGE COURSE problem is at
present most serious. In order to obtain a
doctoral degree, a student must possess a
reading knowledge of two foreign languages.
The University makes an effort to help grad-
uate students fulfill this requirement by offer-
ing special courses in French, German and
Russian.
The courses exist only as a special service
to the grad students, however, and therefore
rank at the bottom of the literary college's
priority list in language curricula. As a re-
sult, severe budgetary problems this fall forced
the turning away of 67 students who wished
to enroll in the French course.
The entire situation was ably deliberated by
the council. A motion was passed requesting
pre-registration privileges next spring for the
67 students. In addition, efforts might be made
to establish tutorial programs.
G SC MEMBERS naturally exhibited s o m e
bitterness towards the matter-degrees in
several instances have been held up only
because of trouble with the language require-
ment, and it is debatable whether the re-
quirement should be in effect for every de-
partment of graduate study. However, these
members were broad-minded enough to under-
stand the basic philosophy behind the require-
ment-many documents which are pertinent
in advanced fields of study have not been
translated into English-and were careful to
indicate that they did support this long-range
benefit.
The second major area of discussion was the
tuition hike, which had a sharp and unhappy
effect on many graduate students' pocketbooks.
This came about indirectly after a rather sly
move on the part of the Regents and ad-
ministration, who lowered the number of
semester hours at which graduate students
start to pay full-time fees. from eight to six
hours.
MANY OF THESE students were thus hit by
an astronomical increase in fees; some
found themselves shelling out from 67 to 163
per cent more money to the University. Also,
the biggest increase was on part-time stu-
dents, who usually do not enjoy the fellow-
ships and other financial aids that full-time
graduate students have. The part-time students
are part-time because they have to hold down
jobs to put themselves through school, and
increasing their fees twice as much percentage-
wise as their more affluent full-time counter-
parts was somewhat unwise.
What really hurt, though, was that graduate
students apparently were not given adequate
notice of the shift In criteria for a full-time
student. One council member complained of
being unable to find out until August what
his fee schedule for this semester would be;
registration officials were under the impression
that eight hours was still the standard.
As a result of this and similar dissatisfaction,
GSC established a special committee to in-
vestigate just why there was so "very little
notice" given about the tuition move. It is
important that the problem be cleared up,
because
1) graduate students are self-supporting, live
on a budget and therefore need ample notifi-
cation of any University policy change which
would affect their economic status and
2) some of the implications are foreboding.
If the University, for example, leveled the
tremendous fee hike on part-time students to
"encourage" them to complete their degree
work here sooner, then this attitude should
have been communicated. In any event, the
change in policy should have been explained
more fully by the administration, and any
belated clarification will be desirable.
THE THIRD main issue GSC delved into was
its relationship with the Graduate School
Executive Board, a body which meets once a
week to administer financial and other affairs
at the Rackham unit.
Council members rendered a rather un-
favorable judgment of the quality of com-
munication between the two, and sent a letter
to the board, inquiring about its "philosophy
and guiding principles .,1 . in making decisions
which affect and involve graduate students of
the , University in academic and extra-
curricular affairs."
Speculation was rampant during GSC's dis-
cussion of the executive board. One member,
for example, thought that the only rationale
posited by the board for any of its actions
was that "every graduate student who leaves
this University must be scholarly."
This philosophy amounts to little more than
a mystery, and at present graduate students are
being affected by policies whose bases are
shrouded in secrecy. Anything that can be
done to clarify matters would be an improve-
ment. The GSC members are hoping that,
through such communication, a more fruitful
and open relationship can develop between
the two, and that they can begin to work
together instead of existing in different worlds.
GSC DEBATE on all three of the main issues
was characterized throughout by an in-
telligence and seriousness that more self-
important and immature undergraduate groups
such as Inter-Quadrangle Council and Student
Government Council might do well to imitate.
It will be good if this level of attendance
continues, for GSC will probably start to
examine some of the most fundamental and
pressing problems of graduate student life:
How much should the graduate student par-
ticipate in the University and local community?
How can the stifling narrowness that is bound
to come with extreme specialization of interest
be avoided? How can he use his greater ma-
turity and knowledge to benefit the under-
graduate population and the general Uni-
versity curricula?
Hopefully, the same commendable spirit will
continue to be shown in the future by GSC
members, and a long-needed and significant
voice will thus begin to speak out in defense
of the "educational and intellectual activities
of the graduate student body."
-GERALD STORCH
To the Editor:
"A SPECTRE is haunting Europe
-the spectre of Communism."
And now it haunts the world.
History has decreed that the
homelands of the undersigned-
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania-
be the first of formerly free na-
tions to fall under the sourge of
Communism. During the Second
World War these countries ex-
perienced two military occupations
and saw the battlefront cross over
them three times. These peoples
are no strangers to the meaning
of war.
At the same time, they know
fromnpersonal experience the
meaning of Communism. Over
some decades we have watched
the seizure of a third of this
earth, as a billion people have
fallen victim to the Communist
conspiracy. That we can raise our
voices here today as free men
among free men testifies that we
have chosen liberty above all else
once before.
UNDER THE cover of secrecy,
behind a typical smokescreen of
lies, the Soviet Union has installed
in Cuba unmistakable weapons of
offense. These weapons with nuc-
lear capabilities are a test of the
will and courage of the free world,
and particularly a test of the will
and courage of the people of the
United States. If this challenge
is not met, and if the weapons are
not removed, the default on our
part may well lead to the irrevoc-
able steps of surrender of war.
To thesethreats thercountries
of the Americas have risen with
a unanimity heretofore unseen. In
this they have the support and
understanding of the entire free
world.
We register here our support of
President Kennedy and of his de-
cisive action in the current Cuban
crisis. The urgency of the situa-
tion precluded prior consultation
at the tables of the United Na-
tions, if yet another Communist
intrusion were not to become an
accomplished fact.
* * *
LET US proceed calmly, but
with courage in our convictions.
Let us expand our efforts in
seeking peace and, what is more
important, in seeking to strength-
en the ultimate values that make
our way of life meaningful. Let
us expand our commitment of
talent and resources to these ends.
Further, may we continue to
meet at the conference tables of
the world.
But may it never be forgotten
that our basic values-the dearly
sustained values of free men-are
not subject to negotiation nor to
bargaining-away p i e c e m e a 1. If
peace and security were the only
ultimate good, would we not all
long for the peace and security of
prison bars?
We seek, rather, both peace and
freedom. And the greater of these
is freedom.
-Saulius Vydas, Grad
-Gundega 'Saulitis, '64
-Liina Mets, '64
-Arunas Udrys, '66
-Thomas Palm, Grad
-Leonardas V. Gerulaitis, Grad
-Vilma Ungerson, '64
-Valdis Liepa, Grad
To the Editor:
RONALD WILTON'S editorial
condemning the blockade of
Cuba is well argued, but it ignores,
as far as I can see, the real na-
ture of the provocation there.
This is, that if nuclear missiles
were set up on Cuba, they could
be fired at and destroy United
States bases before wehad time
to launch our own missiles at the
Soviet Union. (As things stand
now, the Russians must fire most
of their rockets from their own
territory thereby giving us enough
early warning to retaliate before
our bases are destroyed and retali-
ation is impossible. We have 20
minutes warning on attacks, com-
ing from Russia, but only 10-15
minutes for Cuban firings.
This is because Cuba is much
closer and so its missiles need to
travel a shorter time to reach
United States targets. (And we
need at least 15 minutes to get
our missiles off the pad).
While it would probably be
quite a while before there would
be enough missiles in Cuba to
destroy a large proportion of U.S.
bases, even a smaller number of
them would be a terrible pressure
against us. This is especially true
because in a year or so we are
scheduled to have many "Minute-
men" missiles operational. If the
Russians possessed a base on Cuba,
they might want to start a war
before our new forces become use-
ful-especially since our Counter-
force strategy implies that we
might strike first, once we grow
strong enough.
AS FOR THE CHANCE of war
because of the blockade: it is a
chance, but seems to be a small
one. The Russians are not fanatics
about Cuba, and it is unlikely
that the blockade will drive them
to act against their reasoned best
interests. (This is in contrast, say,
to what would happen if we in-
vaded East Germany, where a
. ay 3-
4 .*, .,
/3 ~t3 z r.1 4
;j/ ~k~jt
* I "AD IT F I&VkT 'E E IN
A AY Y HA/V sawol/
Faced with a built-up base on
Cuba, we might well start a war
out of desperation. The chances
for this are much better than
those on Russian attacks due to
the blockade.
Faced with the dilemma last
week, the President could have
invaded Cuba, atom-bombed it,
attacked Russia, or abjectly ac-
quiesced to the move. What he
did do seems so much better than
these courses, so much more
clearly reasoned and so much
more likely to keep both Ameri-
cans and Russians alive, that it
is particularly saddening to find
no support for him at all from
The Daily.
--Robert B. Kelly
Invasion...
To the Editor:
" HE MILITARY build - up
was matched by what ap-
peared to be an effort by the
Pentagon to rally public opin-
ion behind President Kennedy-
not for the blocade already im-
posed; but for an invasion."-
New Y o rk Herald Tribune,
Oct. 25.
I N THE days to come, this "ef-
fort" will be forgotten in the
heavy-handed back slapping over
the success of America's "hard
policy" in Cuba. But, no matter
how loudly we hail Khrushchev's
retreat or the military invasion of
Cuba (which we fully expect),
the fact remains that advocates
of forceful alternatives will gain
an even stronger influence in the
policy-making apparatus.
The very success of force this
week will suggest its use the very
next time America feels threaten-
ed. Nothing will succeed like suc-
cess whether the decision is made
quietly or through another Penta-
gon appeal to the public, and this
belief in "force will out" will so
color our outlook towards the
Berlin or Viet Nam crisis areas
thatsthe search for peaceful solu-
tions to these problems will be
made still more difficult.
To some of us, the dangers in-
herent in nuclear diplomacy is
compelling enough reason to seek
other, more peaceful alternatives.
We hardly enjoy the irony of de-
pending on a man like Khrushchev
to defend the peace. There are
others, however, who find in this
return to brinkmanship, not emo-
tional exhilaration, but a necessary
tactic against creeping Commun-
ism. It is to these people that we
must address a question - what
can we do when the revolution or
rising expectations erupts into
another Latin American political
revolution?
WITHOUT arguing who-caus-
ed-what or the right and wrong
of the present decision in Cuba,
three factors from the past do
seem incontestable:
1) The Cuban people had more
than just cause to change their,
form of government;
2) Our government had been in
part responsible for the evils of
that government; and
3) Our government did not ever
the discontented of the underde-
veloped countries. Moreover, our
use of arms to protect policy and
property only adds luster to Rus-
sian promises, only tarnishes pro-
grams like the alliance for pro-
gress. Why then do we fight the
ideology of bread and land with
that of property, trickle-down for-
eign aid, and military intervention
against contrary political systems?
(April 1961 if not Oct. 1962.)
This default - and that's the
same as believing that our mili-
tary force can hold down rising
expectations - is m o r e t h a n
shameful . . . it is stupid. Can
the Pentagon assure us that the
decisions of the OAS members
will strengthen those governments
internally? Not popularity, but
realistic politics, commands that
America side with inevitable revo-
lution, rather than repress it. The
time is long since past when hun-
ger is accepted as necessary; peo-
ple who once yielded before the
big stick are now, themselves, a
political force. Can this force con-
tinuously be met successfully with
arms?
* * *
IF THE answer is "no," certain
steps are necessary. That policy
which brought America and Cuba
to the present predicament must
not be repeated in Brazil, in Ven-
ezuela, in Guatemala, in 1964 or
in 1968. And it is now, not after
the fact, that a program must be
formed by those of us who seek
peaceful alternatives in action as
well as in words.
-Robert Ross, '63
-Thomas Brien
-Richard Magidoff, '63
-Stephan Weissmann, Grad
Mobs and Women.. .
To the Editor:
THE 250 STUDENTS in Wednes-
day's peace demonstration were
about equally divided, men and
women. The mob that tried un-
successfully to break it up, how-
ever, were not.
About 100 of them came down
to the county building; I counted
four girls among them. Good for
the university girls.
Most of them, I suppose, would
not marry a man who would treat
her as follows: If she disagreed he
would yell, shout, curse, and "sing"
to drown her out; failing that, he
would throw the nearest egg or
stone. If she wished to go to an-
other room, he would block her
path. If she tried to write he
would tear up her letter. Finally,
having exhausted stupidities, he
would storm out, bawling "Better
dead than use my head." Had she
no legal rights as a wife, he
would likely burn down the house
.. . that puts an end to worry !
Would she want such a father
for her children? Perhaps the
girls can get this across to the
he-men by certain non-violent ac-
tions. The women of classical
Greece offer some good examples.
--William Paul Livant
Third Force ...
To the Editor:
British people must know to what
extent the Common Market is a
purely economic structure and to
what extent the framework of a
new European state.
Let there be no mistake about
it=-the emergence of such a new
European state would be by no
means the unmixed blessing it is
generally pictured as in the United
States press. For one thing, sur-
render of British sovereignty to a
European state dominated by con-
servative parties and commercial
interests would tie the hands of
a future Labourite government on
domestic reforms. Further in the
words of the "London Observer"
political correspondent Mark Arn-
old-Forster, "The Labour Party,
which has never liked the idea of
a Third Force in the world, is
becoming more and more suspi-
cious of a large third country, a
rival to Russia and America, with
unsatisfied territorial demands in
Germany and bombs as well. The
bombs may be small and made in
France, but they would be big
enough to cause alarm. The
(Labour) Opposition does not want
to see Europe turn into a military
alliance, tied or free ..."
Seen in this light, the position
of "Colonel Gaitskell" should be
more comprehensible.
-Thomas Turner, '60
Unjustified Attack...
To the Editor:
THE EDITORIAL in "The De-
troit News," of October 6 on
University Regent Eugent B.
Power was an unjustified attack
based on misinformation on several
scores..
The criticism was based on two
points: first, that he was request-
ing contributions for a political
candidate from the University fac-
ulty; second, that such a request
came "pretty close to a suggestion
that refusal might prejudice a
professor's future." The facts are
these:
Regent Power did not sign let-
ters to our faculty members as
was indicated. On a printed letter-
head bearing the names of prom-
inent citizens in law, medicine,
education and business, the name
of Eugene B. Power appeared as.
chairman of the Neil Staebler
finance committee. The citizens
listed used the letterhead in writ-
ing for campaign contributions to
groups of their own choosing. The
letters sent to members of the
Universitynfaculty were signed by
members of the faculty.
FACULTY MEMBERS, like most
citizens, are well accustomed to
receiving solicitations from all
sides. They do not wish to be
excluded from the political process.
In other fields, the term "boss,"
which was used to head the edi-
torial, may be properly used and
properly understood. Not so in
teaching and research where ideas
are not bought and sold.
A misconception was circulated
to thousands of readers who may
not be aware of just how the Uni-
versity is administered. Faculty
appointments and promotions or-
The term "boss" does not express
the relationship of a Regent to
a faculty member.
"The Detroit News" editorial
conveyed the impression that a
leading citizen of the State of
Michigan, a loyal servant of the
public, duly elected by the voters
to the Board of Regents, attempt-
ed to exert pressure upon a group
regarding him as its "boss." The
words which were used to describe
Mr. Power were not based on facts
either as to what he did or what
the faculty would do.
--Prof. Arthur W. Bromage
--Prof. Thomas G. Gies
-Prof. George A. Peek, Jr.
Mis prepresentation .
To the Editor:
IN RESPONSE to the editorial by
Daniel Shafer on the Campus
United Nations, we feel he un-
fairly represented the actual situ-
ation. This attitude may be at-
tributed to the fact that he was
a vocal member of the U.S.S.R.
delegation.
Mr. Shafer makes his bias and
naivity apparent in several attacks
on the United States delegation,
i.e. their "agreement" with the
Arab bloc and final abstention
obviously attempts to reach a
compromise amenable to all na-
tions involved. In his diatribe Mr.
Shafer over-exaggerates on several
points; for instance, the Burmese
delegation, nonexistent to begin
with, "refused to be represented
at all."
THE REAL misfortune is that
not only does Mr. Shafer confuse
and misrepresent the situation but
would abolish the Campus United
Nations altogether. The real pur-
pose of this project, however, we
feel was well realized: American
and international students had a
chance to become acquainted with
each other while achieving a bet-
ter.understanding of the problems
and policies of the UN.
Although improvements can and
should be made (we would remind
Mr. Shafer of the handy evalua-
tion sheet distributed to all dele-
gates), the Campus UN should be
maintained as a project well worth
all the time and energy to effect
a better understanding of an or-
ganization and a concept so neces-
sary in a world rampant with dis-
trust and dissension.
-Arthur Collingsworth, '63,
Chairman of U.S.S.R.
Delegation
-Aaron C. Stander,
Chairman of U.S.
Delegation
Public Law.
To the Editor:
'WE WISH the University would
check public law 829 of the
77th Congress, section 3, para-
graph 3 before they raise any
other flags over the diag.
--Gary R. Darnell, '66
--David E. Shaper, 65E
Tuition ..
To the Editor:
T PRESENT the following facts
without any feeling of malice
or spite. I merely ask the ques-
tion; is there any reason why the
changes in tuition for graduate
students were made so that those
who support themselves as oppos-
ed to those on fellowship were
hurt the most? I also ask; why
were the changes in part time
graduate fee structure made so se-
cretively so that few if any stu-
dents were aware of the total ef-
fect until they registered?
1) The full time rate which used
to apply for course schedules of
10 hours or more now applies for
schedules of 8 hours or more. The
effect is to make fractional loads
proportionately more expensive.
2) Part time students who are
not full time employes of the Uni-
versity must register for a mini-
mum of six hours (3/4 full fee).
Students who formerly worked 4
time and took three hours or sim-
ilar loads must now pay for six
hours.
* * *
SOME COMPARISONS are in
order. The final column in the fol-
lowing table is percentage increase,
not merely per cent of former total.
I
+ ..'
Alumni Come Home
DURING THIS HOMECOMING weekend few
of the present generation of students will
take much note of the alumni they may see
walking around campus or cheering at the
football game. Virtually none of them will stop
to imagine themselves as alumni returning for
a Homecoming game five, ten, or 20 years from
now.
Yet the alumni play an important part in
helping to support the University and it is
necessary that our generation realize this not
only so that we may extend a silent vote of
thanks to them but also so that we may under-
stand the role we ourselves will have to assume
in the coming years.
The genuine need the University has for
alumni contributions is something perhaps not
generally recognized. Over half of the $80
million physical plant of the University has
been donated by alumni and friends of the
school. Since its organization in 1953, the
Alumni Fund has received gifts totaling
$2,586,247.04. Gifts for the 1961-62 fiscal year
ending June 30, 1962 reached a new high of
$543,865. The contributions to the fund come
from two sources, the Alumni Association and
the Development Council. Through the fund
they solicit money for a variety of projects.
Among the more prominent of these projects
relations of the University especially in those
aspects which will lead to improved financial
support. Just recently there has been introduced
the idea of establishing a separate solicitation
drive for individual schools. The statistics from
the Law Fund founded last year have in-
dicated that this idea is a good one.
The results of last year's drive demonstrate
that the Law Fund not only increased im-
mensely the contribution to the law school
itself but also increased the undelegated con-
tributions to the Alumni Fund as a whole by
25 per cent from the previous year. The in-
stitution of a separate solicitation program for
each school in addition to the general united
fund can be a source of great strength to the
University in that it allows special needs of
the various schools to be met with their own
funds, while allowing undelegated contribu-
tions to be allocated to areas of larger need
in the school as a whole.
IN THE CONFUSION of elephant races and
football games it will be easy to think of
Homecoming as nothing but a pleasant week-
end, made doubly so by the fact that it marks
the beginning of the last four weeks before
Thanksgiving vacation and Saturday will be
a "2:30 per" for women. Although it should be
d
Typel
OS* 2 hours
Must pay for 3
IS* 2 hours
Must pay for 3
OS 6 hours
IS 6 hours
OS 3 hours
Must pay for 6
IS 3 hours
Must pay for 6
OS 8 hours
IS 8 hours
OS 10 hours or more
IS 10 hours or more
OS undergrad
(Full)
IS undergrad
(Full)
OS--Out-of-state.
IS-In-state.
Old New %
Rate Rate Increase
115 215 67
45 iS 67
250 415 66
90 145 61
315 500 58
55 145 163
290 500 72
115 175 52
375 500 33
140 375 168
375 480 28
(Jr. or sr.)
140 155 11
(Jr. or sr.)
This letter does not ask why
out-of-state tuition increased more
than in state. It does not question
the proportionately higher in-
crease for grad students on a full
time basis as compared to that
I