'ter + 41a .ru
Seventy-Fifth Year
EDTED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHTGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD TN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
OVER-ORGANIZATION...
Steps for S pontaneity in Complexity
ere Opinions Are Free, 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MIca.
Truth Will Prevail
NEws PHONE: 764-0552
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
DAY, OCTOBER 6, 1964
NIGHT EDITOR: ROBERT HIPPLERI
T-T Should Alleviate
Baby Boom Enrollments
THE "TRI-TERM," born amid dire pre-
dictions that it would turn the Uni-
versity irrevocably into an assembly line,
turned out not to be so bad after all. Ac-
cording to a survey taken last spring,
the changing pains were less acute than
even tri-term's planners had expected.
Now, a year after its inception, there is no
evidence that the new calendar has fur-
ther dehumanized the University.
But tri-term's real silver lining is only
beginning to become apparent. If enough,
people catch on in time, the new calen-
dar can actually help the University re-
tain its humanity during the onslaught
of the "baby boom."
THIE THREAT the "baby boom" presents
is, of course, one of numbers. When
there are simply too many students, there
is no alternative but the academic as-
sembly line: larger lectures, doubled-up
rooms, standardized curricula and all the,
other measures which reduce students to
IBM cards--or at least make them feel
that way. If there were too many stu-
dents all year, things would indeed be
grim.
Fortunately, there are too many only
once a year: during the fall term. This
is because most students, still accustom-
ed to viewing the "school year" as some-
thing which stretches from early autumn
to late spring, never think of entering
school at any other time. Thus the Uni-
versity is at full enrollment only when
classes start in the fall.
As the term wears on, the rat race and
personal problems combine to take their
toll; at the end of the term, enrollment
is down by several hundred. Come the
winter term, the figures are more than
1000 lower than the fall high point. And
in the summer, of course, enrollment
drops to around half of the "school year"
total.
AND SO-incredible as it may seem to
students sleeping in bunks and sitting
in lecture-hall aisles-for over half of the
year, some University facilities stand idle.
And as long as the old semester calendar
made the September-to-June cycle the
only reasonable way to attend the Uni-
versity, this ironic situation had to per-
sist.
This is the beauty of the new calendar:
by establishing three terms of equal
length and potentially equal capacity, it
enables students to leave the September-
to-June rut without losing time by tak-
ing the usual stunted summer program.
Not only will this eliminate the need
for the mass-production emergency meas-
ures produced by enrollment crises, it
will individualize students' personal plan-
ning, breaking the deadening cadence
to which we usually harness ourselves.
There's nothing magic about attending
for two semesters and taking one off,
or about spending exactly four years as
an undergraduate, and the new calendar
will make it easier to seek new alterna-
tives.
BUT ALL OF THIS is only potential. As
long as students and faculty remain
unaware of its purpose, the new tri-term
will remain nothing more than a slightly
inconvenient version of the semester plan.
There aretwo ways in which tri-term's
potential can be realized. One is by ad-
ministrative fiat: this year, for example,
the University may tell several hundred
applicants that they can come here only
if they wait until January. This method,
while certainly not pleasant, is preferable
to bringing them into an overcrowded
system in the fall.
The other route is far better: students
must realize what the new calendar was
designed to achieve. By seeing that the
new calendar is an opportunity, and tak-
ing advantage of it, they will benefit both
themselves and their University.
-KENNETH WINTER
Managing Editor
By ABRAHAM KAPLAN
EVERY complex enterprise is
necessarily involved in a divi-
sion of labor. Universities are no
exception. Extra-curricular activi-
ties are separated out from formal
learning, the curriculum in turn is
organized by colleges, divisions and
departments and is finally frag-
mented into courses. All that a
member of the faculty can offer
his students is a piece of his mind,
and that is the most he can ex-
pect in return.
To be sure, programs of study
are not just random samplings of
courses. Some breadth and unity
are enforced by the constraints of
college requirements, departmental
majors, and course prerequisites.
But there is no denying that the
system leaves something to be
desired. Undergraduate education
for the most part is spotty, dis-
joined, and even incoherent. It is
at its best in the cumulation of
GOLDWATER:
Problems,
Solutions
By WALTER LIPPMANN
THERE IS A persistent contra-
diction in Sen. Barry Gold-
water's talks between what he
complains about and what he
wishes to do about it, between the
problems he poses and the solu-
tions he proposes.
This is evident in the field of
foreign affairs, defense, fiscal poli-
cy, Social Security and indeed in
almost every great concern of a
President and of the federal gov-
ernment.
Except for trying to revise his
own record, he has in fact turned
away from the discussion of the
great issues of national policy and
is putting his main emphasis on
crime, violence and immorality.
** *
THE CENTRAL theme of the
Goldwater campaign has now be-
come in effect that crime and sin
are evils which can be dealt with
successfully by the personal ex-
ample and virtue of Barry Gold-
water and William Miller. We two
are, he is trying to tell the voters,
morally superior men who, be-
cause of what we are and what
we say, will drive crime and vio-
lence from the city streets and
inaugurate a new era of virtue in
this corrupted land.
Stripped down, this is no doubt
a remarkable example of self-ad-
miration. But this being an elec-
tion campaign, the self-righteous-
ness does not matter too much.
What does matter is that while
these two men take their indomit-
able stand against crime and vice,
they are at the same time silent
or scornful about almost every
practical measure dealing with
crime and vice. They have noth-
ing they want to do about the
schools, housing, the police, rec-
reation, health. They want to save
us from our troubles by their per-
sonal example, by their capacity
to exude virtue and by denounc-
ing sin.
* * *
NOT ONLY do Messrs. Gold-
water and Miller propose no reme-
dies except their personal example,
but when they expound their phi-
losophy, they cut themselves off
from any kind of concerted effort
to introduce discipline, authority
and order into modern life.
What is their remedy for all our
moral evils? To liberate the in-
dividual from the tyranny of gov-
ernment and the constraints of
society, to deny and reject the be-
lief-which is the central convic-
tion of genuine conservatism-that
the individual is part of a com-
munity of the dead, the living and
of the unborn, to which he is
bound, as Edmund Burke said by
"ties which though light as sir,
are as strong as links of iron." It
is because of the existence of this
invisible community that I once
ventured to write that "young men
die in battle for their country's
sake and . . . old men plant trees
they will never sit under."
(c) 1964, The Washington Post Co.
knowledge and the development
of some skills. It is much less ef-
fective in producing a receptive
and creative mind, a mind center-
ed on a firm core of meaning and
value, having the capacity to see
itself and the world in broad per-
spective.
These things, no doubt, are not
teachable-even in courses in phi-
losophy, I may say.
We can at least keep from
thwarting their natural growth.
THERE IS no necessary inverse
relation between quantity and
quality of education. Quantity
hurts because it calls for so much
organization and regulation. The
resulting mechanical routines pro-
vide no stimulus and only mini-'
mal guidance. It may be that the
learning process has become over-
organized. The quipathat classes
interfere with education may be
more serious than sophomoric.
A number of steps could be taken
for which I invite consideration-
more, I confess, than I have as
yet given them myself.
We could establish a half-dozen
or so University professorships,
not tied down to any specific de-
partments, whose incumbents
could offer courses and prosemi-
nars on whatever subjects they
chose, both within and without
what is conventionally identified
as their "fields." The encounter
with an enquiring mind, whatever
its preoccupation, may be more
educational, for once in a way,
than unremitting exposure to the
specialist's mastery of "his" sub-
ject.
We could introduce topical
courses, to be replaced every year
or two, on unconventional and
even unacademic matters. They
might be based on a current book
(for example, civil rights or dis-
armament). The division of intel-
lectual labor at any given time
does not necessarily correspond to
the real articulation of our prob-
lems. We should learn to carve at
the joints, Plato said; occasionally
we should get to see the whole
chicken.
* * *
WE COULD INTEGRATE with
formal instruction the invitation
of speakers to the campus, either
by the student body or by the
University. Such a speakers pro-
gram could be taken seriously by
way of prior enrollments, discus-
sion sections, background read-
ings and academic credits (which
ABRAHAM KAPLAN, professor of philoso-
phy, came to the University from the
University of CaliforniaLos Angeles. He is'
the author of Power and Society, the New
World of Philosophy, American Ethics and
Public Policy and The Conduct of Inquiry.
He is a Fellow at the Center for Advanced
Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Al-
to, and at the Center for Advanced Stud-
ies at Wesleyan University.
grams" We can allow for such
studies continuously, by setting up
supervisory committees as needed.
WE COULD PERMIT and even
encourage joint papers for related
courses; and possibly even require
a senior thesis or project to pull
together the course work in the
major.
We could introduce a number of
colloquia-that is},courses offered
curricular activities-ournalisti,,
political, literary, dramatic, musi-
cal, and no doubt many others.
(I refuse to enter a controversy on
academic credit for athletic
prowess.) Surely work-study pro-
grams might be. developed in a
number of fields, especially now
that we have a three-term calen-
dar. And in 'some cases special
projects, of the sort that arise
from hobbies or opportunity for
travel, could be taken as seriously
by the faculty and administration
as they are by the students devot-
ed to them.
* * *
I HAVE NO DOUBT that some
of these possibilities are actually
current practice, and that others
have already been tried and found
wanting. I have no doubt, too,
that some may be more suitable
for the honors program, or the
planned residential college, than
for the University as a whole.
But I am far less committed to
any specific proposal than to stim-
ulating concern with some of the
problems inevitably posed by the
size and complexity of the Uni-
versity.
I am aware also that any
procedure intended to revital-
ize any institution can itself be-
come a matter of deadening rou-
tine. We ,cannot organize spon-
taneity, nor force- a free play of
ideas.
But we can create and main-
tain favorable conditions. If we
cannot solve the problems of mass
education, at least we can cope
with them--which is to say, we
can learn to live with them
In the coming years of growth
this may become thermost impor-
tant learning experience for every-
one connected with the University.
NEXT WEEK: Charles Lehmann'
.STIFLES CREATIVITY
',
means, I suppose, reports and
examinations). Obviously notoriety
or fame (a segregationist gover-
nor or an astronaut) would not
itself be a basis for inclusion in the
program. I am thinking rather of
the receptive and creative minds
outside the academy-in the arts
and architecture, in engineering,
business and industry, in govern-
ment, the press, and the profes-
sions.
We could permit and even en-
courage joint majors or even mul-
tiple majors. I am not referring
to a so-called "general major,"
which may produce only diletan,
tes, but to providing opportunities
for the pursuit of interests that
cut across departmental lines. We
need not wait always until new
departments are established, or at
least institutes or special "pro-
by two or more staff members-
especially from different depart-
ments. A colloquium on the forth-
coming campaigns, for example,
could surely make good use of a
dozen or so different specialties-
cultural anthropology, ethics, and
theatre arts, to mention a few.
In regular courses, we could en-
courage guest lecturers from with-
in the University, on special topics
on which colleagues may have ex-
pert even though nonprofessional
competence. Subjects of instruc-
tion are not the exclusive pro-
vinces of the respective depart-
ments. An "amateur;" after all, is
one who loves his subject; the
outsider might at least teach by
example that education is a matter
of satisfying, not someone else's
requirements, but one's own in-
tellectual curiosity.
We might even go so far as to
allow credit for certain extra-
.'
I
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Reason for Candidate Disqualification
Mysterious Spy Trial
THE UNITED STATES government Fri-
day dropped its charges of espionage
on a Russian couple because United States
officials were afraid that "important na-
tional security facts" would come out in
the trial.
So the government is planning to send
the Russian pair back home as soon as
possible.
But one immediately wonders whom the
United States is afraid the facts will be
released to-the Russian government or
the American people.
It is only reasonable that the Russian
couple will give a full and detailed ac-
count of their findings upon their return
to the Soviet Union. But if they were
not spies as was charged, then the Rus-
sians. will not receive any more facts and
the trial was actually a hoax.
AND THE MYSTERY deepens because
so little is known outside of the Jus-
tice Department. It is known that the
State Department did not necessitate the
termination of the trial, but rather it
came from within the Justice Department
itself.
Second class postage-paid at Ann Arbor, Mich.
Published daily Tuesday through Sunday morning,
Subs" riptton rates: $4.50 semester by carrier ($5 by
mail); $8 yearly by carrier ($1 by mail).
The many disconnected bits of infor-
mation known include:
-Alexandre Sokolov is the man who
was arrested but the name of his wife has
never been known. During the trial she
was officially referred to as Jane Doe.
-While the couple arrested with the
Sokolovs, the Egorovs, have already been
traded for American spies, the Soviets
seem to have no interest in the fate of
the Sokolovs.
IT HAS ALSO BEEN assumed that the
identity of over 75 American counter-
spies was at stake in the trial because, as
a result of an' early trial move, these wit-
nesses would have been obligated to give
their home addresses. But one wonders
why 'so many counter-spies were needed
if proof of one incident of espionage is
enough to invoke the death penalty in
the United States.
When one official was asked if the gov-
ernment had goofed in not properly con-
sidering this in advance, he replied, "you
might say that."
Somehow the whole mysterious affair
makes the federal government look quite
stupid.
--JOHN WEILER
To the Editor:
I WOULD LIKE to clarify my
position on the issue of the
disqualification of Miss Sharon
Manning as an official candidate
for Student Government Council.
I do this for I think Mr. Haller
has distorted, to some extent, my
position in an editorial which
appeared in the Daily.
My main reason for voting for
Miss Manning's disqualification
was not that she violated a simple
rule set out in the extensive Elec-
tion Code of SGC, but that she
violated the .spirit of not only
that document but also the spirit
of SGC, and in doing so, broke
this unimportant rule.
Miss Manning's candidacy, ap-
parently, is not thatof running for
SGC as an individual, but more
or less as a partisan "committee."
She has shown this by her con-
duct in the circulation of her
petition and her conduct in her
appeal before SGC. In the first,
she failed to circulate her petition
personally, while every other can-
didate took the time and trouble to
do so, and in the second, she fail-
ed to appear before Council, but
instead a "committee," in her
place, appeared to explain her
actions.
THIS SECOND EVENT is ac-
tually the thing which changed
my vote. Earlier in the day when
it became impossible for me to
attend the Credentials and Rules
Committee meeting which handed
down the decision on Miss Man-
ning, I asked Miss Sherry Miller,
chairman of C & R, to voice my
views before the committee ex-
plaining that if I had been able
to attend, I would vote for non-
disqualification on the basis that
the petitioning rule was ridiculous.
Actually when I came to Council
Wednesday evening I intended to
attempt to reverse the C & R
Committee's ruling on this ground.
However when it became clear
to me that violating petitioning
requirement was only an outward
sign that Miss Manning was really
running not as an individual, but
as a proxy for a "committee," I
decided to vote in favor of the
C & R action.
Last semester when the petition-
ing requirement was included in
the Election Code, I voiced ob-
jection to it. I still object to the
petitioning requirement. I do not
think it should be enforced per se.
However I do feel that its spirit
should be.
I AM NOT a "legalist" as some
might think. Personally I believe
rules and laws that are unimpor-
tant and ridiculous, or unethical
should be done away with, and
that where strict interpretations
lead to the ridiculous, they should
be neglected.
-Barry Bluestone, '66
Student Government Council
Loyalty
To the Editor:
THERE IS something peculiar
about American society in that
its individuals firmly believe that
one of their inalienable rights is
the right to express their own
opinions freely and without re-
prisal. It is a mark of an educated,
tolerant society that many in-
dividuals have done their share
in keeping this ideal alive by
exercising it: individuals like Mr.
Zweig, who recently protested a
loyalty oath here at the Univer-
sity, andMr. Freedman, who more
recently protested Mr. Zweig's
protest (Letters to the Editor,
Sept. 24, 1964).
Mr. Freedman states "every year
it happens . . . and just about
this time," as if to equate opin-
ions like those of Mr. Zweig with
some periodic, natural phenome-
non, such as the mating season of
the koala, for example. To give
Mr. Freedman due credit, how-
ever, it must be assumed that he
meant to imply nothing of the
kind and that he was merely in-
dulging in a bit of intellectual
condescension.
NEVERTHELESS, what must be
called to his attention is his agree-
ment to a fallacious and hypo-
critical argument, however un-
wittingly he may have adopted it.
The argument stated in Mr. Freed-
man's -terms is this: one "should
assume, and correctly so, that
most American citizens would
pr~oudly sign an oath of loyalty
to the United States." The fallacy
is made evident when the Ameri-
can legal philosophy of "innocent
until proven guilty" is applied to
the definition of the term "Ameri-
can citizen." The act of acquiring
citizenship to the United States,
whether by birth or naturalization,
implicitly confirms the citizen's
loyalty to the United States.
The hypocrisy involved is en-
countered when a superfluous de-
mand (such as the loyalty oath) is
the principle upon which are based'
the arguments of Mr. Zweig or
other critics of loyalty oaths.
* * *
AGAIN, to give Mr. Freedman
as much benefit of the doubt as
possible, perhaps his letter was
written as a satirical joke. If so,
it is unfortunate that the satire
Benoit neglected to define what I
suppose he would call the essence
of jazz. This is understandable
considering that nobody, not even
jazz musicians themselves have
been able to answer the question
"What is jazz?" So Mr. Benoit
claims that Jamal is existing on
the fringe of something no one
"Congratulation's - I've Got A Health Plan
That Leaves Everything To You"
aa
~IL
f AM
eS
I---
-
FEIFFER
VXR SINCE IHC WAC' 6CtHIGHk$K
0~ A &-RA% f4ODPP6R .I'D AY
VEN, YU'RE ~t'TE :'
A A ' ' ~VAN' Ut, T
BEN VWOU0l90EWT
A S'5P OR? TWO
AN' S5AY u )WSS
FINE MTHATWA
COtMF T'89
TMiT WJAY.
F'
UP
-fH
f°'r # y
'~ JE'FINE' TV,
'HM OUfIXRI
COMEA ALONG Al,
J~, BCAU55
kI TOO RFIH
H~ WA6 58F1-
OI /T MO a
N' WE L, AFT R TArrfU
To P SAY GH1TTL$
EN BEN NO MATWR
" WN A1 ANYSoDY
5AW5, YO'RE
L.AZY' AM' TOTALY
D vDTrD T'ME.
was not skillfully- eviden
in allowing its readers to
true nature and intent
article was not intended
it is still unfortunate, be
only support Mr. Free
fered for his argument u
ally invalid: pointing a
finger at past inconsist
liberal organizations suc
ADA and from this on
premise concluding that1
and others like him part
"strange travelings" is-
terminology-"irrelevant
leading." Logistic circles
this type of fallacy as
vance"; others call it J
Character Discreditation
It is to be hoped tha
future, Mr. Freedman eit
up on the communicat
of the satire or refer
ments more enlightening
puzzling, if interestin
association.
-Barbara Barn
To the Editor:
AS FAR' AS this reade
it enough
know its
t. If the
has been able to boundary; I pre-
sume that the reviewer also can-
not.
as satire, * * *
cause the MR. YATES' REVIEW suffered
dman of- from much of the same psuedo-hip
was logic- banality that made Mr. Benoit's
rebuking review subjective. He spent a great
encies of part of his article putting down
h as the Ahmad Jamal as uncreative be-
e general cause the pianist performed his
Mr. Zweig most notable recording "Poin-
icipate in ciana," "virtually note for note"
-in legal on Saturday night. Mr. Yates then
and mis- assured Daily readers that "a real
refer to creative jazz musician (Miles
s "irrele- Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious
ust Plain Monk, for example) wouldn't con-
sider doing this even if he were
t, in the able."
her brush If Mr. Yates would take time
ion skills out from his busy jazz reviewing
to argu- activities to listen to some jazz
than his music, he might be astounded to
g, free- learn than many of the recordings
("So What?" and "Fran Dance"
nett, '66 particularly) of probably the most
renowned jazz musician in the
world, Miles Davis, "a really crea-
Critics tive jazz musician," contain ob-
vious references, "virtually note
for note," to previous recordings.
* * *
AN' RM M155S RU'
OACK TI jMR.
DM NO MATTWR
WFIAT ANYPOY
AY, YUTRE A N
WELL, 1 05AT HtM
UIP PETTY GOOD)
FOR TMwrAN'
ANY{TME ID
i I56MOR5
Af /L - A 7"f/\ rv
4 y
WOAIRRY(
IF I
Sol
KILL 6D
BThAS FOR A8
I N' M~~E OELIEVE
614 % !
r^7 r.
) N
. Ni6 DREAM
AT~SISTAD 4Y
r iS coni-
THI% T, 'TTVR. uoa xwritt~n znt