'ter + 41a .ru Seventy-Fifth Year EDTED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHTGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD TN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS OVER-ORGANIZATION... Steps for S pontaneity in Complexity ere Opinions Are Free, 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MIca. Truth Will Prevail NEws PHONE: 764-0552 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. DAY, OCTOBER 6, 1964 NIGHT EDITOR: ROBERT HIPPLERI T-T Should Alleviate Baby Boom Enrollments THE "TRI-TERM," born amid dire pre- dictions that it would turn the Uni- versity irrevocably into an assembly line, turned out not to be so bad after all. Ac- cording to a survey taken last spring, the changing pains were less acute than even tri-term's planners had expected. Now, a year after its inception, there is no evidence that the new calendar has fur- ther dehumanized the University. But tri-term's real silver lining is only beginning to become apparent. If enough, people catch on in time, the new calen- dar can actually help the University re- tain its humanity during the onslaught of the "baby boom." THIE THREAT the "baby boom" presents is, of course, one of numbers. When there are simply too many students, there is no alternative but the academic as- sembly line: larger lectures, doubled-up rooms, standardized curricula and all the, other measures which reduce students to IBM cards--or at least make them feel that way. If there were too many stu- dents all year, things would indeed be grim. Fortunately, there are too many only once a year: during the fall term. This is because most students, still accustom- ed to viewing the "school year" as some- thing which stretches from early autumn to late spring, never think of entering school at any other time. Thus the Uni- versity is at full enrollment only when classes start in the fall. As the term wears on, the rat race and personal problems combine to take their toll; at the end of the term, enrollment is down by several hundred. Come the winter term, the figures are more than 1000 lower than the fall high point. And in the summer, of course, enrollment drops to around half of the "school year" total. AND SO-incredible as it may seem to students sleeping in bunks and sitting in lecture-hall aisles-for over half of the year, some University facilities stand idle. And as long as the old semester calendar made the September-to-June cycle the only reasonable way to attend the Uni- versity, this ironic situation had to per- sist. This is the beauty of the new calendar: by establishing three terms of equal length and potentially equal capacity, it enables students to leave the September- to-June rut without losing time by tak- ing the usual stunted summer program. Not only will this eliminate the need for the mass-production emergency meas- ures produced by enrollment crises, it will individualize students' personal plan- ning, breaking the deadening cadence to which we usually harness ourselves. There's nothing magic about attending for two semesters and taking one off, or about spending exactly four years as an undergraduate, and the new calendar will make it easier to seek new alterna- tives. BUT ALL OF THIS is only potential. As long as students and faculty remain unaware of its purpose, the new tri-term will remain nothing more than a slightly inconvenient version of the semester plan. There aretwo ways in which tri-term's potential can be realized. One is by ad- ministrative fiat: this year, for example, the University may tell several hundred applicants that they can come here only if they wait until January. This method, while certainly not pleasant, is preferable to bringing them into an overcrowded system in the fall. The other route is far better: students must realize what the new calendar was designed to achieve. By seeing that the new calendar is an opportunity, and tak- ing advantage of it, they will benefit both themselves and their University. -KENNETH WINTER Managing Editor By ABRAHAM KAPLAN EVERY complex enterprise is necessarily involved in a divi- sion of labor. Universities are no exception. Extra-curricular activi- ties are separated out from formal learning, the curriculum in turn is organized by colleges, divisions and departments and is finally frag- mented into courses. All that a member of the faculty can offer his students is a piece of his mind, and that is the most he can ex- pect in return. To be sure, programs of study are not just random samplings of courses. Some breadth and unity are enforced by the constraints of college requirements, departmental majors, and course prerequisites. But there is no denying that the system leaves something to be desired. Undergraduate education for the most part is spotty, dis- joined, and even incoherent. It is at its best in the cumulation of GOLDWATER: Problems, Solutions By WALTER LIPPMANN THERE IS A persistent contra- diction in Sen. Barry Gold- water's talks between what he complains about and what he wishes to do about it, between the problems he poses and the solu- tions he proposes. This is evident in the field of foreign affairs, defense, fiscal poli- cy, Social Security and indeed in almost every great concern of a President and of the federal gov- ernment. Except for trying to revise his own record, he has in fact turned away from the discussion of the great issues of national policy and is putting his main emphasis on crime, violence and immorality. ** * THE CENTRAL theme of the Goldwater campaign has now be- come in effect that crime and sin are evils which can be dealt with successfully by the personal ex- ample and virtue of Barry Gold- water and William Miller. We two are, he is trying to tell the voters, morally superior men who, be- cause of what we are and what we say, will drive crime and vio- lence from the city streets and inaugurate a new era of virtue in this corrupted land. Stripped down, this is no doubt a remarkable example of self-ad- miration. But this being an elec- tion campaign, the self-righteous- ness does not matter too much. What does matter is that while these two men take their indomit- able stand against crime and vice, they are at the same time silent or scornful about almost every practical measure dealing with crime and vice. They have noth- ing they want to do about the schools, housing, the police, rec- reation, health. They want to save us from our troubles by their per- sonal example, by their capacity to exude virtue and by denounc- ing sin. * * * NOT ONLY do Messrs. Gold- water and Miller propose no reme- dies except their personal example, but when they expound their phi- losophy, they cut themselves off from any kind of concerted effort to introduce discipline, authority and order into modern life. What is their remedy for all our moral evils? To liberate the in- dividual from the tyranny of gov- ernment and the constraints of society, to deny and reject the be- lief-which is the central convic- tion of genuine conservatism-that the individual is part of a com- munity of the dead, the living and of the unborn, to which he is bound, as Edmund Burke said by "ties which though light as sir, are as strong as links of iron." It is because of the existence of this invisible community that I once ventured to write that "young men die in battle for their country's sake and . . . old men plant trees they will never sit under." (c) 1964, The Washington Post Co. knowledge and the development of some skills. It is much less ef- fective in producing a receptive and creative mind, a mind center- ed on a firm core of meaning and value, having the capacity to see itself and the world in broad per- spective. These things, no doubt, are not teachable-even in courses in phi- losophy, I may say. We can at least keep from thwarting their natural growth. THERE IS no necessary inverse relation between quantity and quality of education. Quantity hurts because it calls for so much organization and regulation. The resulting mechanical routines pro- vide no stimulus and only mini-' mal guidance. It may be that the learning process has become over- organized. The quipathat classes interfere with education may be more serious than sophomoric. A number of steps could be taken for which I invite consideration- more, I confess, than I have as yet given them myself. We could establish a half-dozen or so University professorships, not tied down to any specific de- partments, whose incumbents could offer courses and prosemi- nars on whatever subjects they chose, both within and without what is conventionally identified as their "fields." The encounter with an enquiring mind, whatever its preoccupation, may be more educational, for once in a way, than unremitting exposure to the specialist's mastery of "his" sub- ject. We could introduce topical courses, to be replaced every year or two, on unconventional and even unacademic matters. They might be based on a current book (for example, civil rights or dis- armament). The division of intel- lectual labor at any given time does not necessarily correspond to the real articulation of our prob- lems. We should learn to carve at the joints, Plato said; occasionally we should get to see the whole chicken. * * * WE COULD INTEGRATE with formal instruction the invitation of speakers to the campus, either by the student body or by the University. Such a speakers pro- gram could be taken seriously by way of prior enrollments, discus- sion sections, background read- ings and academic credits (which ABRAHAM KAPLAN, professor of philoso- phy, came to the University from the University of CaliforniaLos Angeles. He is' the author of Power and Society, the New World of Philosophy, American Ethics and Public Policy and The Conduct of Inquiry. He is a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Al- to, and at the Center for Advanced Stud- ies at Wesleyan University. grams" We can allow for such studies continuously, by setting up supervisory committees as needed. WE COULD PERMIT and even encourage joint papers for related courses; and possibly even require a senior thesis or project to pull together the course work in the major. We could introduce a number of colloquia-that is},courses offered curricular activities-ournalisti,, political, literary, dramatic, musi- cal, and no doubt many others. (I refuse to enter a controversy on academic credit for athletic prowess.) Surely work-study pro- grams might be. developed in a number of fields, especially now that we have a three-term calen- dar. And in 'some cases special projects, of the sort that arise from hobbies or opportunity for travel, could be taken as seriously by the faculty and administration as they are by the students devot- ed to them. * * * I HAVE NO DOUBT that some of these possibilities are actually current practice, and that others have already been tried and found wanting. I have no doubt, too, that some may be more suitable for the honors program, or the planned residential college, than for the University as a whole. But I am far less committed to any specific proposal than to stim- ulating concern with some of the problems inevitably posed by the size and complexity of the Uni- versity. I am aware also that any procedure intended to revital- ize any institution can itself be- come a matter of deadening rou- tine. We ,cannot organize spon- taneity, nor force- a free play of ideas. But we can create and main- tain favorable conditions. If we cannot solve the problems of mass education, at least we can cope with them--which is to say, we can learn to live with them In the coming years of growth this may become thermost impor- tant learning experience for every- one connected with the University. NEXT WEEK: Charles Lehmann' .STIFLES CREATIVITY ', means, I suppose, reports and examinations). Obviously notoriety or fame (a segregationist gover- nor or an astronaut) would not itself be a basis for inclusion in the program. I am thinking rather of the receptive and creative minds outside the academy-in the arts and architecture, in engineering, business and industry, in govern- ment, the press, and the profes- sions. We could permit and even en- courage joint majors or even mul- tiple majors. I am not referring to a so-called "general major," which may produce only diletan, tes, but to providing opportunities for the pursuit of interests that cut across departmental lines. We need not wait always until new departments are established, or at least institutes or special "pro- by two or more staff members- especially from different depart- ments. A colloquium on the forth- coming campaigns, for example, could surely make good use of a dozen or so different specialties- cultural anthropology, ethics, and theatre arts, to mention a few. In regular courses, we could en- courage guest lecturers from with- in the University, on special topics on which colleagues may have ex- pert even though nonprofessional competence. Subjects of instruc- tion are not the exclusive pro- vinces of the respective depart- ments. An "amateur;" after all, is one who loves his subject; the outsider might at least teach by example that education is a matter of satisfying, not someone else's requirements, but one's own in- tellectual curiosity. We might even go so far as to allow credit for certain extra- .' I LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Reason for Candidate Disqualification Mysterious Spy Trial THE UNITED STATES government Fri- day dropped its charges of espionage on a Russian couple because United States officials were afraid that "important na- tional security facts" would come out in the trial. So the government is planning to send the Russian pair back home as soon as possible. But one immediately wonders whom the United States is afraid the facts will be released to-the Russian government or the American people. It is only reasonable that the Russian couple will give a full and detailed ac- count of their findings upon their return to the Soviet Union. But if they were not spies as was charged, then the Rus- sians. will not receive any more facts and the trial was actually a hoax. AND THE MYSTERY deepens because so little is known outside of the Jus- tice Department. It is known that the State Department did not necessitate the termination of the trial, but rather it came from within the Justice Department itself. Second class postage-paid at Ann Arbor, Mich. Published daily Tuesday through Sunday morning, Subs" riptton rates: $4.50 semester by carrier ($5 by mail); $8 yearly by carrier ($1 by mail). The many disconnected bits of infor- mation known include: -Alexandre Sokolov is the man who was arrested but the name of his wife has never been known. During the trial she was officially referred to as Jane Doe. -While the couple arrested with the Sokolovs, the Egorovs, have already been traded for American spies, the Soviets seem to have no interest in the fate of the Sokolovs. IT HAS ALSO BEEN assumed that the identity of over 75 American counter- spies was at stake in the trial because, as a result of an' early trial move, these wit- nesses would have been obligated to give their home addresses. But one wonders why 'so many counter-spies were needed if proof of one incident of espionage is enough to invoke the death penalty in the United States. When one official was asked if the gov- ernment had goofed in not properly con- sidering this in advance, he replied, "you might say that." Somehow the whole mysterious affair makes the federal government look quite stupid. --JOHN WEILER To the Editor: I WOULD LIKE to clarify my position on the issue of the disqualification of Miss Sharon Manning as an official candidate for Student Government Council. I do this for I think Mr. Haller has distorted, to some extent, my position in an editorial which appeared in the Daily. My main reason for voting for Miss Manning's disqualification was not that she violated a simple rule set out in the extensive Elec- tion Code of SGC, but that she violated the .spirit of not only that document but also the spirit of SGC, and in doing so, broke this unimportant rule. Miss Manning's candidacy, ap- parently, is not thatof running for SGC as an individual, but more or less as a partisan "committee." She has shown this by her con- duct in the circulation of her petition and her conduct in her appeal before SGC. In the first, she failed to circulate her petition personally, while every other can- didate took the time and trouble to do so, and in the second, she fail- ed to appear before Council, but instead a "committee," in her place, appeared to explain her actions. THIS SECOND EVENT is ac- tually the thing which changed my vote. Earlier in the day when it became impossible for me to attend the Credentials and Rules Committee meeting which handed down the decision on Miss Man- ning, I asked Miss Sherry Miller, chairman of C & R, to voice my views before the committee ex- plaining that if I had been able to attend, I would vote for non- disqualification on the basis that the petitioning rule was ridiculous. Actually when I came to Council Wednesday evening I intended to attempt to reverse the C & R Committee's ruling on this ground. However when it became clear to me that violating petitioning requirement was only an outward sign that Miss Manning was really running not as an individual, but as a proxy for a "committee," I decided to vote in favor of the C & R action. Last semester when the petition- ing requirement was included in the Election Code, I voiced ob- jection to it. I still object to the petitioning requirement. I do not think it should be enforced per se. However I do feel that its spirit should be. I AM NOT a "legalist" as some might think. Personally I believe rules and laws that are unimpor- tant and ridiculous, or unethical should be done away with, and that where strict interpretations lead to the ridiculous, they should be neglected. -Barry Bluestone, '66 Student Government Council Loyalty To the Editor: THERE IS something peculiar about American society in that its individuals firmly believe that one of their inalienable rights is the right to express their own opinions freely and without re- prisal. It is a mark of an educated, tolerant society that many in- dividuals have done their share in keeping this ideal alive by exercising it: individuals like Mr. Zweig, who recently protested a loyalty oath here at the Univer- sity, andMr. Freedman, who more recently protested Mr. Zweig's protest (Letters to the Editor, Sept. 24, 1964). Mr. Freedman states "every year it happens . . . and just about this time," as if to equate opin- ions like those of Mr. Zweig with some periodic, natural phenome- non, such as the mating season of the koala, for example. To give Mr. Freedman due credit, how- ever, it must be assumed that he meant to imply nothing of the kind and that he was merely in- dulging in a bit of intellectual condescension. NEVERTHELESS, what must be called to his attention is his agree- ment to a fallacious and hypo- critical argument, however un- wittingly he may have adopted it. The argument stated in Mr. Freed- man's -terms is this: one "should assume, and correctly so, that most American citizens would pr~oudly sign an oath of loyalty to the United States." The fallacy is made evident when the Ameri- can legal philosophy of "innocent until proven guilty" is applied to the definition of the term "Ameri- can citizen." The act of acquiring citizenship to the United States, whether by birth or naturalization, implicitly confirms the citizen's loyalty to the United States. The hypocrisy involved is en- countered when a superfluous de- mand (such as the loyalty oath) is the principle upon which are based' the arguments of Mr. Zweig or other critics of loyalty oaths. * * * AGAIN, to give Mr. Freedman as much benefit of the doubt as possible, perhaps his letter was written as a satirical joke. If so, it is unfortunate that the satire Benoit neglected to define what I suppose he would call the essence of jazz. This is understandable considering that nobody, not even jazz musicians themselves have been able to answer the question "What is jazz?" So Mr. Benoit claims that Jamal is existing on the fringe of something no one "Congratulation's - I've Got A Health Plan That Leaves Everything To You" aa ~IL f AM eS I--- - FEIFFER VXR SINCE IHC WAC' 6CtHIGHk$K 0~ A &-RA% f4ODPP6R .I'D AY VEN, YU'RE ~t'TE :' A A ' ' ~VAN' Ut, T BEN VWOU0l90EWT A S'5P OR? TWO AN' S5AY u )WSS FINE MTHATWA COtMF T'89 TMiT WJAY. F' UP -fH f°'r # y '~ JE'FINE' TV, 'HM OUfIXRI COMEA ALONG Al, J~, BCAU55 kI TOO RFIH H~ WA6 58F1- OI /T MO a N' WE L, AFT R TArrfU To P SAY GH1TTL$ EN BEN NO MATWR " WN A1 ANYSoDY 5AW5, YO'RE L.AZY' AM' TOTALY D vDTrD T'ME. was not skillfully- eviden in allowing its readers to true nature and intent article was not intended it is still unfortunate, be only support Mr. Free fered for his argument u ally invalid: pointing a finger at past inconsist liberal organizations suc ADA and from this on premise concluding that1 and others like him part "strange travelings" is- terminology-"irrelevant leading." Logistic circles this type of fallacy as vance"; others call it J Character Discreditation It is to be hoped tha future, Mr. Freedman eit up on the communicat of the satire or refer ments more enlightening puzzling, if interestin association. -Barbara Barn To the Editor: AS FAR' AS this reade it enough know its t. If the has been able to boundary; I pre- sume that the reviewer also can- not. as satire, * * * cause the MR. YATES' REVIEW suffered dman of- from much of the same psuedo-hip was logic- banality that made Mr. Benoit's rebuking review subjective. He spent a great encies of part of his article putting down h as the Ahmad Jamal as uncreative be- e general cause the pianist performed his Mr. Zweig most notable recording "Poin- icipate in ciana," "virtually note for note" -in legal on Saturday night. Mr. Yates then and mis- assured Daily readers that "a real refer to creative jazz musician (Miles s "irrele- Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious ust Plain Monk, for example) wouldn't con- sider doing this even if he were t, in the able." her brush If Mr. Yates would take time ion skills out from his busy jazz reviewing to argu- activities to listen to some jazz than his music, he might be astounded to g, free- learn than many of the recordings ("So What?" and "Fran Dance" nett, '66 particularly) of probably the most renowned jazz musician in the world, Miles Davis, "a really crea- Critics tive jazz musician," contain ob- vious references, "virtually note for note," to previous recordings. * * * AN' RM M155S RU' OACK TI jMR. DM NO MATTWR WFIAT ANYPOY AY, YUTRE A N WELL, 1 05AT HtM UIP PETTY GOOD) FOR TMwrAN' ANY{TME ID i I56MOR5 Af /L - A 7"f/\ rv 4 y WOAIRRY( IF I Sol KILL 6D BThAS FOR A8 I N' M~~E OELIEVE 614 % ! r^7 r. ) N . 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