Seventy-Fifth Year
EDnED AND MANAGED BYSTUDENTS OF THE UNIVEKSr OF MCIGA
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL Ov STUDENT PUEUCArTOWS
Each Time I Chanced To See Franklin D.
Trigon and a History of Discrimination
by H. Neil Berkson
a Pr 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBoR, MrcM.
NEWS PnoNw: 764-0552
rials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
I
}
NIGHT EDITOR: ROBERT HIPPLER
The Sorority System:
To Each Her Own'
LITTLE WORDS with evocative
wer equal to a minor atom bomb:
EN'S RUSH.
.ost everyone is thinking about it
nonth - women who are rushing,
a who aren't and wouldn't in a
a years, women who dropped rush
one mixer, men who know some
t girls," me'n who don't and wouldn't
lillion years.
. there's much to be said for pledg-
sorority. Like getting mono or hav-
nior hours, pledging gets women out
dorms. The food is apt to be better,
>ors carpeted, the living rooms com-'
le and charming. And there's npth-
ong with living well!
)RITIES ALSO CAN provide new ex-
rences, unavailable to the non-af-
. With a sorority pin comes a sweet
of status: you belong. You walk
a new way; instead of trudging past
ons you trot down Hill' St. or South
You can't help but increase your,
contacts, with TG's, open houses, a
eat in the UGLi and "big sisters"
an fix you up. You eat out Sunday
s with your old roommate from the
-and ,have guests for brunch or'
r.
. live with a smaller number of girls,
50, and, as in the dorm, you find your
core" of maybe two or three good
is. However, a responsibility to be
lly with the rest of the bunch is
er because they not only live on your
nd eat at your table, they are your
rs," for two or three years.
happiness is having a served din-
very night and a sun porch in the
THERE'S ANOTHER side to soror-
life that often gets lost in the mo-
um of rush: pledging means a re-
ibility to the house you've prefer-
projects, song practice, phone duty, four
hours working on the Homecoming float,
house meetings, initiation. Pledging
means a responsibility to institutions
which you may not condone. Rush is one.
Obviously, a house must be selective,
and girls must be eliminated.
For a house to decide to pledge a cer-
tain type of woman beforehand-the ac-
tivity girl, the student, the "face" girl-
leaves it no variety. But on the other
hand, because there are no "criteria" for
membership except feelings such as "I
like her" or "I didn't like her," hash can
be one of the most emotionally upset-
ting and spiritually disillusioning exper-.
lences ever encountered.
AS A RUSHEE goes through rush she
talks, she smiles, she hopes she is
being interesting, interested, adorable.
If the decision to pledge is hers, rare-
ly does a freshman woman have a clear
picture of the house she is joining. She
knows its reputation. She's met some of
the girls, none of whom will be grossly
unpalatable and some of whom are in fact
exceptional people. She's committed her-
self to the System and trusted the girls,
without knowing them, to choose for her
a pledge class of potential friends.
But if she leaves, the ladies of the
mount vote on her, and if she is rejected
she is deeply hurt.
HOW EASY IT IS to forget that a soror-
ity is always reducible to its parts. The
girls are not automatically better or
wiser; it is not the end of the world if
you cannot join them. How easy it is to
desire the idea as well as the material
comforts of a sorority, without realizing
you must also surrender part of yourself
to it or without really evaluating this in-
stant identity and'subtle loss of self.
Sororities will work for some; for others
they will work for a year or so; for others
they won't do at all.
--ANN GWIRTZMAN
Personnel Director
THE ATMOSPHERE which first evoked the fraternity-
sorority discrimination issue has changed so markedly
that Trigon's difficulties can pass virtually unnoticed.
In the late forties and early fifties the University
attracted national attention over student government
attempts to eliminate bias clauses present in the con-
stitutions of numerous affiliate chapters. In 1951 the
old Student Legislature (since replaced by Student Gov-
ernment Council) proposed a deadline whereby any
fraternity or sorority with a bias clause as of 1965
would no longer receive University recognition. The ad-
ministration of President Alexander G. Ruthven vetoed
the move, but the idea, in effect on other campuses,
is still known as the "Michigan Plan."
A year later the Student Affairs Committee (a
student-faculty group also out of existence now) sub-
mitted a compromise proposal to President Hatcher, then
in his first year of office. The time limit, was eliminated,
but all groups with clauses were required to petition
their annual national conventions until the clauses
were removed.
PRESIPENT HATCHER followed President Ruth-
yen's example. His veto received support-particularly
in fraternity-sorority circles-but many students and
faculty were dissatisfied. The Daily ran a front-page
senior editorial which declared that "an imnense area
of friction between students and University administra-
tors has become increasingly apparent during the last
year."
Since then the issue has been a perennial source
of controversy. It reached high points in 1958, when
SGC tried to withdraw recognition from Sigma Kappa
sorority but was reversed by former Vice-President for
Student Affairs James A. Lewis, in 1962, ,when SGC
was on the verge of taking the same action with Sigma
Nu fraternity (the chapter got a waiver from its na-
tional), and in 1963, when the Regents finally granted
SGC clear authority in this area and approved a set
of anti-bias membership regulations.
That action, coming far too late to have much
meaning in terms of constitutional clauses, really marked
the end of one chapter in the fight against bias. In
preceding years most nationals found they could dis-
criminate without clauses and so eliminated them at
conventions.
IN THE FALL of 1963, Interfraternity Council took
its first strong action against bias clauses, putting a
nondiscriminatory code in its own by-laws and establish-
ing a membership committee to investigate possible
violations.
The spotlight immediately fell on Trigon, a local
group which makes no secret of its membership restric-
tions. Trigon is religiously oriented, conducts week-day
services and limits membership to Christians. Their
situation is rather different from those houses with
White-Anglo-Saxon-Protestant leanings.
Much to their credit, however, IFC saw through
to the proper issue: this group is not a social fraternity.
It certainly has the right to exist in some other form,
but not on the same basis with University facilities
which are theoretically open to anyone.
As far as Trigon is concerned, IFC has only made
public its "guilty" finding; it has yet to take any action.
If Trigon somehow remains within the fraternity system,
as is rumored, then IFC's decision will have been mean-
ingless.
THE FRATERNITY - SORORITY bias question
should continue to draw little attention, strange as
that may seem to many past battlers in this arena.
This is because the problem has become structured in
legal terms when, as Regent Sorenson has clearly
indicated, the real issue is whether or not the very
nature of a fraternity or sorority is inherently dis-
criminatory andtinherently antithetical to the goals
of a university. The "personal merit" criterion is a screen
for biases of the most irrational nature. The only way
to eliminate them is to eliminate the system itself.
* * * *
E DAILY made one of its infrequent ventures into
the land of error last week when it attributed a
proposal to restructure the Residence Halls' Board of
Governors to Inter-Quadrangle Council. Assembly House
Council researched and developed the proposal, and as
it has been doing all year, IQC responded with a "me
too."
As a matter of fact, AHC President Maxine Lo'omis
has provided strong leadership to her organization all
yer, making it one of the few bright spots on a campus
filled with the rubble of dying student activities.
.r :.. . . *...t.9 .'... Y{ .A...*~
Jr CONCERT PREVIEW:
'W,,ozzeck':-'The Tragedy of aC mon Man
4
I
--Daily-Gerry Ahronheim
The
Week
in Review
a time commitment to
y" activities: pledge
ManyFeet in Housing Door
Research Strikes Again
E IS SOME NEW information pal-
ated to add fuel to the research
iucation debate. It is reported by
Donald C. Pelz and Frank M. An-
of the Institute for Social Research
July 1964 issue of International"
e and Technology. The article, en-
"Diversity in Research," discusses
kind of allocation of time by a re-
zer makes him most productive.
aring the effects of spare-time
ng vs. spare-time administration
in university research labs, Pelz
ndrews state:
C . . I .4 P I
H. NEIL BERKSON, Editor ,
NETH WINTER EDWARD HERSTEIN
naging Editor Editorial Director
WIRTZMAN ............... Personnel Director
ULLARD ..................... Sports Editor
L SATTINGER .... Associate Managing Editor
ENNY . .. ........ Assistant Managing Editor,
LH BEATTIE . Associate Editorial Director.
AND .........Assistant Editorial Director in
Charge of the Magazine
)WLAND............Associate Sports Edior,
VINER ................ Associate Sports Editor
1 HALLER.Contribu ng Editor
OU BUTCHER........... Contributing Editor
KESON ................... -Chief Photographer
*iption rates: $4.50 semester by carrier ($5 by
8 yearly by carrier ($9 by mail).
- class postage paid at Ann Arbor, Mich.
shed daily Tuesday through Sunday morning.
Among nonsupervisors, some taught
during their nonresearch time; oth-
ers did some administering. Those
who spent their off-time mainly in.
administration were more productive
in their research than those who
spent their nonresearch time mainly
in teaching.
DOESN'T THIS SUGGEST that teach-
ing is basically a very poor way for
a highly trained person such as a pro-
fessor to spend his time, at least as far
as the professor is concerned?
Doesn't it also suggest that the federal
government, in handing out millions in
research money, is actually draining re-
sources away from education at a pre-
.ipitous rate? Isn't it a little bit ridiculous,
after all, to pay faculty to do what they
really want to do anyway?
And finally, isn't there at least a possi-
bility that, given a little thought and ef-
fort (thus far lacking), ways could be
found of making teaching as well as
learning a productive enterprise?
Unless of course teaching as we now
know it can be eliminated, which might
actually aid learning..
-ROBERT JOHNSTON
By JOHN KENNY
Assistant Managing Editor
and LOUISE LIND
Assistant Editorial Director
THE MAJOR University news
this week emphasized the areas
of academic reform and student
housing, but an Interfraternity
Council Executive Committee de-
cision concerning Trigon frater-
nity, brought back into the lime-
light the issue of affiliate discrim-
ination.
The top news in the area of
academic reform was the an-
nouncement that eight major stu-
dent organizations plan to. pub-
lish a course description booklet.
scheduled for publication in mid-
February, before fall pre-registra-
tion.
Assembly House Council, The
Daily, Graduate Student Council,
IFC, Interquadrangle Council, the
Michigan Union, Panhellenic As-
sociation and the Women's League
will combine forces to distribute,
and evaluate about 10,000 ques-
tionnaires.
The questionnaires, to be dis-
tributed this week in University,
Greek and off-campus housing,
will concentrate on course specif-
ics to aid students in choosing
courses. Neither the grapevine
method nor the catalogue meth-
od are dependable, leaders feel.
R T* en
REAC'TING to student prompt-
ings, the literary college faculty
approved the addition of a sec-
ond study-day before the exami-
nation period, to be scheduled
around a 4-day weekend. The bus-
iness administration and educa-
tion school faculties approved sim-
ilar plans. The proposal now hangs
on a decision by Vice-Presidient
for Academic Affairs Roger W.
Heyns, pending a favorable reac-
tion from other faculties. The ear-
liest the 4-day study break could
be implemented would be next fall,
Heyns commented this week.
Also in the academic area, the
Regents at their Friday meeting
accepted a major gift from Flint
philanthropist Charles S. Mott. His
$2.4 million will finance the Uni-
versity's expansion of the Flint
campus.
The University decided last fall
to expand the Flint campus, then
a junior-senior college, into a full
four-year college. The college's
first freshmen will be admitted
next fall.
Another significant academic re-
form was born Friday when Wash-
tenaw CQunty voters approved
plans to establish a community
college. Voters approved the es-
tablishment of the college, approv-
ed a 1% mill tax levy to finance
the school and elected a six-man
board of trustees.
E r S t
EVERYONE from\ Student Gov-
ernment Council and the Resi-
dence Hall Board of Governors
to City Council was involved in
the housing area last week.
SGC decided Wednesday to con-
centrate on the specific areas of
off-campus housing and student;
economic welfare in an attempt to
revive its sagging image' before
the March 1 election. President;
Douglas Brook and frequent critic
of SGC inactivity Barry Bluestone
urged action in these two areas.
* * 'I'
WORKING in similar fields, the
Off-Campus Advisory Board met
with officials of the Office of Stu-
dent Affairs this week. SGC es-
tablished this group last semester
to work with OSA officials. A third
housing group, President Hatcher's
"blue ribbon" housing commission
is also working in the same areas
of concern. Comment: Who is sup-
posed to do what?
City Council also established a
three-month extensive study of
high-rise apartments in Ann Ar-
bor and froze a 15-story morator-
ium on apartment height, pending
completion of the report.
Assembly House Council this
week urged, and IQC concurred,
that the Residence Hall Board of
Governors meet at least monthly,
and that its chairman be the
University housing director rath-
er than the vice-president for stu-
dent affairs. These groups also
proposed establishing an executive
committee to handle day-to-day
husiness.
THE MOST DRAMATIC piepe
of news this week at the Univer-
sity was IFC's verdict in the Tri-
gon case. The decision was made
Tuesday, but not released until
Thursday so that the rationale
used in determining the verdict
could be released in written form.
Trigon, a local campus frater-
nity without national affiliation,
was accused of demanding a re-
ligious vow of its members which
IFC found to be "unacceptable to
many students at the University."
IFC's Executive Committee will
wait until after rush to deter-
mine Trigon's penalty.
Trigon's "attempt to integrate
a strong religious background into
a social fraternity" is compati-
ble with IFC's principles, but it
does violate the IFC bylaw "neces-
sary to a fraternity system oper-
ating within the framework of a
ALBAN BERG'S OPERA "Wozzeck," which the opera department of
the music school will present tonight and tomorrow night, tells
the story of a poor soldier, Wozzeck, and his girl Marie, who has
been his mistress for a number of years and by whom he has had a
child. Wozzeck continues to live in the army barracks since he is too
poor to move in with Marie and live a regular family life. He brings
her whatever money he makes, and even submits to medical experi-
ments in order to earn a few extra pennies for her.
Marie, meanwhile, has an affair with the drum-major of the
regimental band. The second act shows Wozzeck undergoing the;
crushing experience of discovering Marie's infidelity. His suspicion
is first aroused when he catches her trying on some jewelry which
she says she found. Then the doctor and the captain make a cruel
joke of it with him.
When Wozzeck accuses, Marie denies that she is responsible for
the men who "stand by my door . . . one after the other." The same
evening Wozzeck sees Marie dancing with the drum-major. Later
the drum-major himself taunts Wozzeck with his conquest and beats
him up. The act ends with Wozzeck repeating Marie's words, "one
after the other." In the third act Wozzeck murders Marie and drowns
himself.
"WOZZECK" was first performed in 1925; It had taken Berg
eight years (1914-1922) to compose the opera. He brought every
musical resource he commanded to bear on it. The singers are required
not only to sing and speak but also to master speech-song,
("sprechstimme"), a mode of expression half way between singing
and speaking. An exceptionally large orchestra is called for Berg is
unstinting in his demands on everybody, singers, orchestra and con-
ductor alike-as if the very difficulty of the performance were' meant
to intensify the expressive power of the work.
In both the score and the libretto, which Berg adapted from a
drama by Georg Buchner (1813-1837), a surface impression of violence
and incoherence obscures the strictness and clarity of the underlying
formal designs. The second act, for instance, could serve as a model
of dramatic construction, no matter how confusing and unpredictable
the details of wording and action may at first appear. The revelation
of Marie's infidelity is born in upon Wozzeck with savage precision;
and just at the turning point of the drama, when Wozzeck has seen
Marie and the drum-major together with his own eyes, the only
real comic relief in the entire opera is introduced.
The music in turn expresses each nuance of the drama as it
unfolds, and thus seems to be formed from moment to moment. It
lacks the mutually reinforcing patterns and repetitions which produce
the reassuring sense of recognition that marks classical style in music.
YET BERG composed the opera as a series of abstract musical
forms. The five scenes of the first act are cast in five separate designs,
among which is a pasacaglia with twenty-one variations on a twelve-
note theme. The five scenes of the second act form a five-movement
symphony. The five scenes of the third act comprise a group of
"inventions," or intensive developments on essential musical materials
--a tone, a chord, a rhythm, and so forth.
But these formal designs are too deeply buried to be heard
except after long study. Berg never intended the audience to be
directly conscious of the underlying forms, which simply served him
as a means of organization.
Through such workmanship, however, the commonplace story of
Wozzeck is made into a drama of griping and prophetic power.
-David A. Sutherland
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