Ghe trhigan aue
Seventy-Fifth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
'Other Side' Proves Insolence of Viet War
Where Opinions Are Free, 420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH.
Truth Will Prevail
NEWS PHONE: 764-0552
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
SATURDAY, 27 MARCH 1965 NIGHT EDITOR: LAUREN BAHR
To the Editors:
A NUMBER of complaints have
appeared in The Daily that the
recent all-night teach-in was a
failure because it was a "one-
sided" presentation.
Although that opinion is not
shared by many of the people who
actually attended the event, I feel
there is much truth in it. I, too,
felt it to be a failure while I was
participating; but, fortunately, a
rival committee had the good
sense to arrange for the other
side to be presented the next
night.
While attending that meeting,
however, I quickly changed' my
mind about the wisdom of having
only one side presented at the
teach-in.
Kenneth Young-former Am-
bassador to Thailand-and Robert
Warren-just returned from State
Department service in Viet Nam-
were the two speakers at the
second program, although they
were backed up by two members
of the political',science faculty
sitting on the speakers' platform
but not speaking. The audience
filled about a third of Rackham
Aud.
ALTHOUGH entrance doors
were locked and guarded to "keep
out any signs," there did not seem
to be any of the previous night's
sign-bearers to protest this meet-
Present Viet Nam Policy
Best for U.S. Objectives
THE PRESENT EXTENT to which the
administration is involved in South
Viet Nam is the best course of action in
light of the United States' basic objec-
tives toward the entire mainland of
Southeast Asia.,
If oneis to offer alternative courses of
action, one must justify them in light
of the United States' determination to
guarantee the independence of South Viet
Nam, to illustrate to its Western allies
America's military power is not a paper
tiger and to stop Chinese primacy in the
area.
The basic alternatives to the present
policy are that the U.S. should with-
draw entirely from South Viet Nam, that
it should launch an all-out attack on
North Viet Nam and if necessary on China
or that it should sit down at the confer-
ence table for immediate negotiations.
FIRST, it is entirely impractical for the
United States to withdraw since such
action would lead to the immediate Com-
munist occupancy of a militarily weak
South Viet Nam. The entire mainland
would then fall into the hands of the
Communists because, contrary to some
advocates, the domino theory of politi-
cal takeover is operative in Southeast
Asia.
This domino theory was first advanced
by the Eisenhower administration and
states that if one nation falls to the
Communists, all will fall in rapid order.
This idea is easy to support.
If the United States moves out, South
Viet Nam falls, and there would be no
physical forces to oppose the Viet Cong
in Laos from taking control of the re-
maining one-third of the country now
under the neutralists. Cambodia's Chief
of State Norodom Sihanouk is a true
neutralist, but he also realizes he must
conform to the dominant themes in the
area if his nation is going to survive at
all. Therefore, he would become pro-Chi-
nese. Finally, Thailand, our strongest al-
ly on the mainland, is also aware of
power politics and would most likely shift
to a more tolerant view of the Commu-
nists.
Also, our allies throughout the world
would seriously question the strength of
U.S. commitments to their defense, and
the U.S.'s entire foreign policy could be
in jeopardy.
THE OTHER ALTERNATIVE being of-
fered to the present policy is an all-
out military confrontation with North
Viet Nam and thus almost certainly with
China. This is an absurd suggestion, since
such a blatant 'act of aggression on our
part would attract the enmity of all
those who had previously believed us to
be peace-loving and would surely bring'
swift retaliation from the Chinese to the
extent that rapid escalation would en-
sue.
Thus, the horrors of a nuclear confron-
tation, or even of a conventional war
waged at the cost of many more Ameri-
can lives than are being committed now,
indicate an all-out attack on North Viet
Nam is not acceptable. Moreover, this al-
ternative rests on the assumption we will
win a swift victory-but what would
happen if we lost?
THE THIRD ALTERNATIVE ofimmedi-
ately negotiating a settlement would
also be an unwise sellout, for several rea-
sons. First, we have drawn the line to
preserve South Viet Nam's independence,
and a redefining of the boundaries would
jeopardize the strength our words car-
ried with our allies.
Second, any negotiation with the Com-
munists-Chinese or Viet Cong-would
lend some credibility to their claim they
have a right to be in South Viet Nam,
and this would hamper that nation's po-
litical and territorial independence as
guaranteed by the 1954 Geneva Con-
vention.
Third, it is doubtful that we can trust.
a strong North Viet Nam to observe for
any length of time such a settlement if
only a weak South Viet Nam remains.
And China, wanting mainland Southeast
Asia for itself, would only be slowed by
a negotiated settlement, not stopped.
At an Associated Press luncheon in
New York City April 20, President John-
son best explained his views towards ne-
gotiations: "No negotiated settlement in
Viet Nam is possible as long as the Com-
munists hope to achieve victory by force
... The door is always open to any settle-
ment which assures the independence of
South Viet Nam and its freedom to seek
help for its protection ..."
THUS THE PRESENT policy of limited
,air attacks on North Viet Nam is this
nation's best bet because it attempts to
stop Chinese primacy in the area, seeks
to establish firmly South Viet Nam's in-
dependence, and demonstrates to our
allies and the Communists that we are
prepared to back up our words with force.
The Communists right now want to use
force, and thus it is necessary for us to
use force to counteract them. We are
using political blackmail-the more we
bomb North Viet Nam, the more Ho Chi
Minh will wonder whether the fight for
South Viet .Nam is worth the sacrifice of
all the industrial and cultural institu-
tions he has built for his nation. Ho is
old. Does he want to leave a legacy of
a war-impoverished nation?
Our allies may be critical of our in-
sistence on fighting back, but how se-
cure would they feel if we lost the war
or just pulled out?
-GARY WYNER
Associate Sports Editor
OUTRAGEOUS ESCAPES:
'Man from Rio': Wild,
Wacky, Uproarious
At the Campus Theatre
THERE IS A GENRE OF FILMS created simply to delight an audi-
ence. These films are usually light in theme, heavy in laughs and ex-
citement and devoted to the exclusive goal of entertainment. "That
Man from Rio" is of this class-a wild, wacky farce, uproariously
funny and wonderfully exciting.
Jean-Paul Belmondo ("Breathless") is the innocent foy who be-
comes entangled in a fantastic plot involving a Fabulous Lost Treasure,
a beautiful Damsel-in-Distress, daring thefts, kidnappings, murders and
one of the most incredible and dynamic Chases since Mike Todd went
"Around the World in 80 Days."
A French soldier on leave for a week in Paris, Belmondo goes to
visit his girl only to have her kidnapped, drugged and whisked off to
Rio de Janiero. With more than admirable determination, Belmondo
thumbs his nose at authority and the impossible, and follows her to
Brazil.
AND FROM HERE ON IN the plot gets wilder and wilder as every
possible obstacle is thrown in Belmondo's way and every- conceivable
means (and often inconceivable ones, too) are discovered by Belmondo
to outwit them. The more unbelievable the situation, the more fun
the escape, and "That Man from Rio" is nothing but a hectic succession
of outrageous and hilarious escapes.
In respect to this particular genre of film, the mystery farce
(other examples: "Charade," "Pink Panther" and "Rififi"), the critic
is prepared to relinquish certain absolute critical standards. All that is
required technically is a smooth and competent control of the medium,
demonstrating adequate skill of the camera, etc.
Elements of creativity and originality, while contributing to the
overall esthetic success of the film, must never intrude upon or cause
deviation from the central focus point (in this instance, Belmondo and
The Chase). The director of the mystery farce must maintain a solid
pace of dramatic energy coexistent w'th a natural development of plot
action.
The major goal of this genre of films-to delight-must always
take precedence over any other consideration. In this respect, "That
Man from Rio" almost succeedsat perfection.
IN GENERAL, Phillip de Broca has directed this film with a fine
understanding of the creation of comic tension and the maintenance of
increasing rapidity of action. He combines a neat mixture of subtlety,
slapstick and satire and ties it together with a strong binding of mys-
tery.
Aside from a tendency towards tedium near the end of the film
(the party and the treasure), most of the action is brisk and energetic,
emphasized by careful combinations of close-ups and long shots.
But impressive technical aspects aside, the real joy of "That Man
from Rio" is "that man" himself, Jean-Paul Belmondo. A rough French
counterpart to the ease, charm and virility of Marcello Mastroianni,
Belmondo combines a sense of calculated indifference, natural cunning
and sophistication and a basic innocence and naivete.
-HUGH HOLLAND
ing or urge these speakers to "Drop
the Bomb."
The Chairman of the meeting
seemed to summarize the entire
atmosphere as he delayed the start
of the talks while casting anxious
glances at the door, as if looking
for expected crowds which never
came.
It was truly unfortunate the
crowds did notcome. If they had,
they would have seen a far more
effective presentation of the Viet
Nam situation than the twelve
hour teach-in could accomplish. In
just two hours, the two speakers
managed-using the smooth, calm
manner of experts talking to
people incapable of understanding
the "complexities"-~to paint the
entire Administration program as
a hollow, stupid, brutal and in-
solent piece of pure power politics.
How unfortunate that Ambas-
sador Young could not have been
heard the night before explaining
how we were in Viet Nam on a
"legitimate request of the legiti-
mate government." When asked to
define what he meant by that, he
defined his concept, as he said
the State Department does, as any
request from any group whose
fulfillment "would serve the aims
of the American government."
HOW WASTEFUL of our time
to have watched a faded Viet-
Cong movie the night before, when
Robert Warren was able to sub-
stantiate all their claims with a
beautiful set of State Department
color slides. The only pictures of
real relevance were those of the
"New Life Villages" we are spon-
soring. They are enclosed in
barbed-wire which is supposed to
protect the villagers against the
Viet Cong, but the machine gun in
the tower was pointing into the
village.
Too bad Mr. Warren could not
have told more people he could
"honestly not see any difference
between the job being done by us
and by the Viet Cong with the vil-
lagers," or that Ambassador
Young could not make it more
generally known that, in his opin-
ion, "the 'government' in ,Saigon
does not represent the people" and
that if elections were held now,
"Ho Chi Minh would win in the
South."
It was doubly unfortunate the
meeting had to break up after only
four questions were asked, but
such important people-who have
to make all of our decisions for
us because "the issues are so com-
plex that even college professors
do notaunderstand them"-cer-
tainly cannot be expected to do
something silly like stay up all
night with a bunch of students.
I SERVED on the committee
that arranged the program for the
original teach-in. I want to apolo-
gize to all the people who attended
for not giving them the opportun-
ity to hear our government's rep-
resentatives condemn its policies
out of their own mouths. I hope
we can have Warren and Ambas
sador Young (who Warren, for
some reason, kept calling "Am-
bassador Taylor") back to our'
campus soon. Perhaps they could
confront Brown and Waskow and
show them what is really wrong
with American foreign policy to-
day.
-Gerald M. Weinberg, Grad
To the Editor-
THE ARTICLE on the teach-in
printed in Thursday's Daily
contained not only misleading mis-
information, but also a complete
falsehood. I am referring to the
section dealing with the movie
made by the South Viet Nam Lib-
eration National Front (the ar-
ticle said 'Viet Cong' and there
is no such organization).
The article first prejudices the
reader by introducing the docu-
mentary as a "propaganda film."
All documentary films are pro-
paganda, but the word carries a
semantic load which makes its
use here unfair.
The outright lie came soon after
when The Daily stated "the film
expresses the opinion, among
others, that the Geneva conference
which divided Viet Nam was void,
and that the Viet Cong was only
trying to unite their country . ..
The fact is that the Geneva con-
ference never divided Viet Nam
into two countries. The conference
agreement was that the Viet Minh
armed forces were to regroup
north of the 17th parallel while
the French forces regrouped in
the South and withdrew from Viet
Nam.I
After two years, elections were
to have been held to reunify the
country. It was implicitly recog-
nized in the agreement (which
the U.S. refused to sign), that
the Viet Minh would win the
elections (Eisenhower admitted
that Ho Chi Minh would have
gotten 80 per cent of the vote).
The film stressed these facts
about the Geneva agreements, and
far from refusing to recognize the
agreement's validity called for an
end to U.S. violations of the agree-
ment. And it called on the peas-
ants of Viet Nam to fight to
enforce the Geneva agreements.
ONE OF THE reasons for Wed-
nesday's teach-in was the dis-
tortion of the facts about Viet
Nam by the press. Daily reporters
may well have felt the makers of
the film weren't sincere, but that
was no excusefor misreporting
the content of the film.
One last comment about press
and government misrepresentation.
The latest U.S. raid included an
attack on Bach8Long Island,
which is only 80 miles from
Chinese territory. Yet it is still
maintained that the U.S. "seeks
no wider war."
-Stanley Nadel, '66
To the Editor:,
DO HOPE the recent Vietnam
study-in has not diverted cam-
pus attention from the real de-
terminant of American policy in
Asia-Communist China.
When Walter Lippmann recent-
ly said the Communist Chinese
would not allow American troops
to. remain on the Asian subcon-
tinent, he was only acknowledging
what the Peking Review has con-
tinuously proclaimed.
On the other hand, official
United States policy indicates we
have every intention of remaining
in the area. The U.S. refuses, in
addition, to recognize the govern-
ment of Communist China, prefer-
ing to respect Chiang Kai Shek's
Nationalist regime and its claim
of sovereignity over the mainland.
IN SOME official circles, it is
reported that our Viet Nam policy
is a laboratory experiment to test
the guerilla techniques we will
need in an eventual restoration of
the mainland to the Nationalists.
Walt W. Rostow, chairman of the
President's Policy Advisory Coun-
cil, has indicated he sees the war
as aCmechanism for provoking
the Chinese, thereby giving us an
excuse to enter the mainland and
destroy the Communists' nuclear
deterrent.
Viewing the existing policies of
the U.S. and Communist China, it
is obvious there are irreconciliable
and highly explosive elements. All
discussion of the future of Viet
Nam, Asia or the world must ul-
timately rest on this fact. There-
fore, either our policy, China's
policy or both policies must
change.
Sunday, CHALLENGE is spon-
soring a colloquium to debate the
wisdom of current U.S. China
policy. Official spokesmen from
the three major pressure groups
focusing on U.S. China policy will
participate. The groups advocate
a two-China policy, a free Taiwan
and continuance of the current
policy.
GIVEN THE PRESENT high
tide of campus concern with
American policy inAsia, study of
the fundamental aggravant should
not be neglected.
--William Cummings
Spokesman
CHALLENGE%
fI
I
'BIG SLEEP'
Fast
Action
At the Cinema Guild
F OR THOSE who enjoy a well-
constructed murder mystery,
the movie to see tonight and to-
morrow is "The Big Sleep" at the
Cinema Guild.
Director Howard Hawks has ex-
tracted fine performances from
his leading players: Humphrey
Bogart as Phillip Marlowe and
Lauren Bacall as Vivien Rutledge.
Although the film suffers from
what we might call "over-gang-
sterization" (in which every ma-
jor character carries a gun and
speaks in a tough monologue),
the pace of the action is fast
enough to sustain a high level of
audience interest.
The script, co-authored by Wil-
liam Faulkner, is a little too slick
in spots to be believable, but Bo-
gart handles the lines well, In
the beginning of the film we are
treated to a glimpse of Faulkner's
literary style in the character of
Colonel Sternwood, but he soon
fades from the plot and standard
Hollywood technique takes over.
Hollywood technique at the
time this picture was made in-
eluded the casting of as many
promising starlets as the script
would allow, even in such unlike-
ly roles as bookstore clerks and
taxicab drivers. The contempor-
ary audience will find this prac-
tice irritating, and may also be
annoyed by the suspicion that the
only things keeping the film go-
ing are the obscurity of the plot
and Bogart's acting.
THE FILM gets away with it,
however, and the result is fine en-
tertainment.
--WILLIAM CLARK
I
HIGHER EDUCATION ISSUES:
Providing Better Teaching
Unused Rights Law Must be Revived
THE CONSTITUTION of the United
States states, in article 14, section
two, that "representatives shall be ap-
portioned among the several states ac-
cording to their respective numbers,
counting the whole number of persons in
each state..."
This seems simple enough. But the
same section goes on to state that "when
the right to vote at any election . . . is
denied to any of the ... members of such
state, being . . . citizens of the United
States, or in any way abridged except for
participation in rebellion or other crime,
the basis of representation therein shall
be reduced in the proportion which the
number of such ... citizens shall bear to
the whole number of . . . citizens . . . in
such state."
Michigan's Attorney General Frank
Kelley, disturbed over recent events in
Selma, Alabama, and other parts of that
state, is investigating the possibility of
applying this never-used but highly-ap-'
plicable law and suing the state of Ala-
bama in the Supreme Court.
Kelley maintains the law can be ap-
plied, and there is little doubt it can be
illegal registration and voting proced-
ures to keep Negroes from voting.
He has the backing and assistance of
the attorneys general of California, New
York, New Jersey, Minnesota, Wisconsin,
Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Massachusetts
in his suit against Alabama, which may
be broadened to include other Southern
states.
On the surface, it looks as though such
a case against Alabama will be success-
ful, but even if it were to fail for some
reason, the attention it would draw to
that citadel of segregation would do much
in the campaign to right the wrongs be-
ing committed daily against Alabama Ne-
groes.
Kelley is doing a very important thing
in trying to see this obscure (if only be-
cause never used) law enforced in order
to help the Negro cause. He is demon-
strating here, win or lose, that every
available legal tool should be used to
help Alabama Negroes attain their free-
dom and equality.
Gov. George Wallace of Alabama and
other Southern state officials must be
shown that federal laws passed to protect
the Southern Negro and his rights are
EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the
fourth in a series of articles on the
issues discussed in the report of
Gov. George Romney's "blue rib-
bon" Citizens' Committee on Higher
Education.
By JUDITH STONEHILL
THE REPORT on instruction of
the "blue ribbon" Citizens'
Committee on Higher Education
treats a wide range of problems,
from training new teachers and
paying present ones better to
counselling and finding new ways
of teaching students.
Often the committee seems to
take a "businessman's attitude"
toward education. This is evi-
denced in its recommended cure
for the shortage of qualified fac-
ulty at the undergraduate level.
It says faculty salaries should be
based on wages offered by other
universities with whom the Uni-
versity usually competes for staff.
Inherent in this proposition is the
belief that faculty members will
teach at the university which of-
fers them the most money.
There is, of course, some truth
in this. Since the University's
salary scale has been declining in
comparison to that of other major
universities, it has lost some fac-
ulty members to higher-paying in-
stitutions. But faculty members in
many cases consider the atmos-
phere and conditions under which
they teach to be much more im-
portant than the money they are
paid for teaching.
IN DISCUSSING the safeguards
of quality instruction at the Uni-
versity, the December report of
the literary college's executive
committee, "Some Issues in Con-
trolling the Size of the College,"
The report makes two other
major suggestions concerning this
shortage in Michigan. First, it
recommends tapping latent, quali-
fied sources in university com-
munities, such as faculty wives
and other housewives. Such people
would go through informal teach-
er orientation programs which
would acquaint them with some
aspec ts of creative teaching
methods and course organiza-
tion.
HOPEFULLY, engagement in
such a richly satisfying activity as
teaching would prove extremely
fulfilling for people who like the
challenge of imparting knowledge
and values and who may have too
little beyond housework to chal-
lenge them intellectually. Such a
program could also benefit the
student, not only by freeing his
professor for more one-to-one
contact but also by making edu-
cation less academic in some re-
spec ts.
In addition, the majority of
the state's future college teachers
must come from its graduate
schools, the report says.
The literary college executive
committee's report goes into this
aspect in greater depth, emphasiz-
ing the importance of changing
the nature of the state's schools
to train more teachers. It sup-
ports the idea of making the lit-
erary college and graduate schools
a prime source of teaching talent
by allowing them to concentrate
on preparing students to be teach-
ers and to emphasize upper-level
(junior, senior and above) educa-
tion.
THE "BLUE RIBBON" report
by better counselling at a lower
level.
If counselling could be im-
proved at the level of the fresh-
man and sophomore, it perhaps
could be dismissed at the upper
levels altogether; upperclassmen
who have been well-counselled can
usually make their own decisions.
THE SPEEDING up of educa-
tion is a prime necessity for the
future of higher education in
Michigan, according to the report.
It discusses the advantages of
new teaching methods, such as
television, tapes, teaching ma-
chines and comments. "These new
devices may not save budget costs,
at least not at first, but they are
designed to increase the student-
hour productivity of the faculty
and to help increase the student's
rate of learning. They may save
budget in the long, run, however,
and they will save both faculty
and student time."
One feels that perhaps the re-
sult of such innovations would be
generally beneficial to education
-but not in the way or for the
reasons the committee suggests.
If productivity is increased, the
main advantage will come from
increased free time which faculty
and students will have to spend
together in close contact.
And it is essential to guard
against the tendency which using
more mechanical teaching devices
can has to "computerize" various
educational matter which is far
better left to good teachers, dis-
cussion and essay-writing.
The "blue ribbon" report also
makes suggestions concerning the
proper function of teachers. It
ALABAMA ATTRACTIONS:
Anyway, the Place
Never Cools Of f
By ROGER RAPOPORT
"Alabama is expecting a record year for its travel industry.
Alabama's travel income, which reached an all time high last
year, has increased during the first four months of this fiscal
year. People visiting Alabama will continue to enjoy our fine
climate, the excellent highway system and genuine Southern
Hospitality."
-Ed Ewing, Director of the Bureau of Publicity and
Information for Alabama, in the Detroit Free Press,
March 21
AS A RECENT visitor to Alabama I found why this vacation hot
spot is becoming the choice of more and more discriminating
tourists.
Alabama is a state unchanged by time, where the traditions
of the past are fully preserved. Historic monuments in Montgomery,
the capital of the confederacy, immortalize President Jefferson Davis,
whose spirit pervades the state today.
Alabama has something to offer to everyone. Hiking enthusiasts
may want to indulge in one of the state's popular 50 mile group
hikes along scenic byways-all in response to the late President
Kennedy's call for physical fitness.
Then, too, you can always get off the beaten %track and see the
little out of the way spots. You may even catch a colorful native
parade-so moving they provoke people to tears.
For urban excitement the clubs provide tops in entertainment.
WHEREVER VOU GO in Alabama. vou can't help but be impressed