IST:
The
Search
for
Identity
11
the
by ROBERT JOHNSTON
The University's Institute of Science and Technology has been
tossed and buffeted in many directions throughout its brief history
by prevailing winds and waves.
The Institute was first proposed as a response to the education
and research challenge posed by Sputnik I, which was orbited on
October 4, 1957, by the Soviet Union. As IST got under way in
1959 the emphasis was very much on education in advanced science
and technology.' Very soon, at least in external appearance, this
orientation changed to one which placed great stress on the role
the University might play in advancing' and strengthening the
economy of the state through science and technology.
The next step in this evolution was an emphasis on research.
This emphasis developed concurrently with the great overall expan-
sion in University research. As the University has, within the past
year, dropped its public stress on research in order to deal with the
problems of the baby boom, so too has IST dropped its past orien-
tations as it casts about for a valuable, well-defined role within
today's University. Such a role is by no means clear at the present
time.
But the functions that have occupied the Institute thus far
can be discussed and analyzed. It is safe to assume that the future
IST will incorporate some sort of synthesis of these functions-
education, state economic development and research.
IST As An Educational Institution. .
The first question the public asked after Sputnik I went into
orbit was "What's wrong with our science?" This soon evolved
into a more fundamental question: "What's wrong with our teach-
ing of science?"
It was concern over the University's response to these and re-
lated questions that prompted a group of top faculty members to
approach University President Harlan Hatcher with their assess-
ment of the situation. The group was composed of Professors Leo
Goldberg, chairman of the astronomy department, David M. Den-
nison, chairman of the physics department, and Wilbur C. Nelson,
chairman of the aeronautical and astronautical engineering depart-
ment, and Deans Charles E. Odegaard of the literary college and
Ralph A. Sawyer of the graduate school.
The Proposal
President Hatcher took the idea to Gov. G. Mennen Williams.
He responded favorably to the idea of the University undertaking
new programs in science and technology with state support. The
President then appointed a "Science Advisory Committee," which,
after consultation all around, issued its "Proposal to Establish an
Institute of Science and Technology." This proposal was sent to
Lansing on December 17, 1957, just 10 weeks after the Sputnik
went up.
The concern of the proposal clearly was education. It envis-
ioned "not a crash program occasioned by the appearance of one or
two Sputniks, but a carefully considered answer to some of the
basic educational needs now facing this state and nation." The
report said in summary, "The University is proposing to meet this
new challenge in education with a bold program of action which
will marshall its own resources, together with those of the state,
in the vital areas of science and technology."
A year and a half later (July, 1959) the Institute was approved
by the Regents and began operations with a special $500,000 grant
($850,000 was requested) from the Legislature. After a year of
operations, educational objectives had clearly taken second priority
behind the Institute's research functions.
Eclipse of Education
The 1959-60 President's Report for IST contains almost no
mention of educational activities. The only activities that can be
construed as educational are the granting of 18 graduate fellow-
Multiversity
ships and the sponsorship of a series of lectures by visiting scien-
tists and engineers.
Since IST is undeniably a research institution, the value of its
educational endeavor must be directly related to its research effort.
One argument, and the one most frequently heard from ad-
ministrators defending research generally, is that the Institute,
through its research, provides both facilities and money otherwise
unavailable for teaching, particularly of graduate students. In the
case of IST such an argument can follow several different paths.
First, both the Biophysics and the Electro-Optical Sciences
Labs have enabled the University to set up unique courses in prom-
ising new fields. Second, many of the labs are staffed, some almost
exclusively, by 179 graduate student researchers, 30 of whom are
writing or doing research for theses related to Institute projects.
Researchers and Courses
Of 375 researchers on the Institute's staff, 34 teach courses at
the University. There are also 94 undergraduates among the 863
employees of IST's research and supporting staffs. It is argued
that their education is enhanced by this connection with IST.
Another point noted by Prof. James T. Wilson, director of the
Institute, is the "backup" force of faculty at Willow Run. If the
See RESEARCH, Page 8
A ROLE FOR
WILLOW RUN
See Editorial Page
I
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CLOUDY
High-40
Low-30
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Seventy-Four Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXV, No. 117 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, 12 FEBRUARY 1965 SEVEN CENTS
TEN PAGES
Lossing
Urges
Ex- Officos
Withdraw
from SGC
They Applaud Idea,
But Cutler Objects
He Recommends Leaders Await
Studies of Student Government
By LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM
Interfraternity Council President Lawrence Lossing, '65,
night revived support for a proposal to break a long tradition
*e*s
Jets
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Raid
Viet
Bases
in
Biggest
last
here
Strike; Soviet Reaction. Possible
and withdraw leaders of student organizations from the control of
student activities.
The proposal calls for these organization heads, who sit as ex-
officios on Student Government Council, to withdraw from the
Council and establish their own informal organization. This would
leave student activities entirely in the hands of SGC's elected repre
sentatives and could force a re-
II
'l l
Soviet Reply to Raids Unclear
C1 izens Ask
Flint Growth
By LEONARD PRATT
Key Flint citizens requested
yesterday that the Senate Ap-
propriations Committee restore
funds for expansion of the Uni-
versity's Flint branch to Gov.
George Romney's budget recom-
mendations.
Romney's budget has not allo-
cated funds for expansion of Flint
from a two-year to a four-year
college, though a 'review of over-
all state education policy wil be
made to clarify this issue. Current
University plans call for the
changeover at Flint this fall.
Guy Bates, chairman of the Flint
Higher Education Study Commit-
tee, told the Senate committee
there is immediate need for a
freshman class at Flint this fall.
$2.4 Million
Bates said $2.4 million for new
buildings has already been donat-
ed to the project by the C. S.
Mott Foundation. A further dif-
ficulty in holding up- expansion
plans, Bates noted, was the fact
that 87 freshmen have already
been accepted for admission this
fall.
Moreover, he pointed out, plans
have already begun for integrat-
ing the courses of the branch with
the existing Flint Junior College.
Bates presented a report, from
his committee which said the body
"is convinced that a hyphenated
four-year program does not and
cannot adequately serve the edu-
cational needs of the seven-county
area."
The University first became in-
volved in Flint education in 1956,
See CITIZENS, Page 2
3valuation of the Council's size and
structure.
The idea was immediately com-
mended by most ex-officios but
drew sharp criticism from Council
members and student activities
officials.
Lossing submitted the idea as
a recommendation in his final re-
port to the Fraternity Presidents
last night. "With the ever-expand-
ing demands of their respective
organizations, and the ever-dim-
Inishing value of SGC participa-
tion, these (ex-officios) people
can no longer afford the joyless
luxury of participation in SGC,"
he declared.
Lossingthen pledged to work
towards the "establishment of an
Informal association of student or-
ganization heads" whose purpose
would be facilitating communica-
tion and cooperation between the
organizations represented."
If the ex-officios back the idea
and the Council and Regents sup-
port it the withdrawal could be
a reality within a year, Lossing
estimated later. This would mark
the first time since before WWII,
when students joined a faculty-
administrator committee regulat-
ing student activities, that the ex-
officios would not be overseeing
these activities.
Their advisory council is en-
visioned as a coordinator for such
currently pending projects w s a
course description booklet and a
writer-in-residence program.
Also during the meeting, the
FPA elected new senior officers
for IFC. They are Richard Hoppe,
'66, president; Kelley Rea, '66, ex-
ecutive vice-president; T h o m a s
Pointner, '67, administrative vice-
president; Robert Tepper, '66,
treasurer, and Edward Mack, '66E,
secretary.
Vice-President for Student Af-
fairs Richard Cutler last night ex-
pressed the "hope the ex-officios
will not peremptorily withdraw.
See LOSSING, Page 2
PROF. STANLEY A. CAIN
President Lyndon B. Johnson
yesterday appointed Prof. Stanley
A. Cain, chairman of the conser-
vation department, as assistant
secretary of the interior for fish
and wildlife.
Cain, 62, is a member of the
natural resources school where he
has served for 11 years. In 1963-64
he was chairman of the Michigan
Department of Conservation and
is now a trustee of the National
Parks Association.
His other positions have in-
cluded a technical assistance mis-
sion to Brazil where he worked
with the United Nations' UNESCO
as an expert in ecology.
Currently he is president of the
Ecological Society of America.
Judge Orders
ILA Return
For Five Days
NEW YORK (P-Federal Judge
Sidney Sugarman yesterday or-
dered Jongshoremen in the port of
New York .to return to work
"forthwith" for a five day period.
Sugarman signed an order that
expires Tuesday midnight, the
date set for a hearing on a Na-
tional Labor Relations Board pe-
tition for a temporary injunction
against the International Long-
shoremen's Association.
Minutes after the NLRB petition
was filed in the United States
courthouse here, the New York
Shipping Association and the ILA
went hurriedly before Judge Su-
garman and were closeted with
him for more than an hour.
When they emerged, Sugarman
heard their arguments and grant-
ed the temporary order.
The NLRB argued that it had.
reasonable cause to believe < shipI
owners' complaint that the ILA
By The Associated Press
Official and unofficial state-
ments from the Soviet capital
clouded anticipated Russian re-
action to the raids made by Unit-
ed States and South Vietnamese
aircraft on North Vietnamese
bases yesterday.
Pravda, the news organ of the
Soviet Communist Party, said yes-
terday that U.S. air strikes against
North Viet Nam cannot "remain
unpunished." It did not specify
what "punishment" would con-
sist of.
However, informal word reached
Britain from Communist Party
Chief Leonid I. Brezhnevthat the
Soviet Union is working hard
among Communist powers to ease
the crisis in Viet Nam, diplomatic
officials reported last night.
'Abandon Illusion'
Pravda urged Washington to
"abandoi the illusion" that they
can attack North Viet Nam with-
out retribution from the Com-
munist world. Denouncing the
U.S.'s retaliatory strikes as "bar-
barous attacks," Pravda continu-
ed:
"In attacking the Democratic
Republic of (North) Viet Nam,
the aggressors are attacking the
whole Socialist camp.
"The Soviet government has al-
ready declared, and confirms
again, that it will not remain in-
different to the guarantee of se-
curity of the fraternal socialist
country and will render theneces-
sary aid and support."
U.S. Must Withdraw
Pravda said the only way to
settle the situation was for the
United States to withdraw all its
military personnel and arms both
from South Viet Nam and "dis-
continue all interference in the
affairs of South Viet Nam and
Laos."
The editorial went on to say the
Soviet Union was presently striv-
ing for normal relations with the
U.S., but added that this "is a
reciprocal process. It is incom-
patible with aggressive acts of
policy which can annul certain
steps taken in the interest of the
improvement of Soviet-American
relations."
Pravda did not say what these
steps were, but they probably in-
cluded recent cautious moves for
an exchange of visits between
President Lyndon B. Johnson and
Soviet leaders.
'Concrete Measures'
In North Korea, Soviet Premier
Alexi Kosygin yesterday told hisj
hosts that Moscow and Hanoi had
agreed on "concrete measures" for
Foreign Minister Andrei Gromy-
ko present, Brezhnev told her
Russia is extremely anxious to
avoid an extension of the fight-
ing in Viet Nam.
He claimed everything possible
is being done to keep the situa-
tion under control. For months,
the North Vietnamese Reds have
been urged to show restraint and
to concentrate on economic de-
velopment, Mrs. Gandhi was told.
Foresight
It was probable that Brezhnev
knew his words would be relayed
to Western governments by the
Indians. British authorities as-
sumed Brezhnev was trying to
convey that Kosygin, onna swing
through Hanoi, Peking and North
Korea, has been arguing the case
for caution, if not immediate con-
ciliation, in resisting the Ameri-
cans.
The authorities doubt whether'
Kosygin would have pledged mili-
tary aid to North Viet Nam unless
he had gotten prior ironclad as-
surances that Moscow's advice will
be heeded.
Hulcher Seeks Student
Advisory Board for City
' By JULIE FITZGERALD
"We could improve relations between the city of Ann Arbor and
the University by the creation of a student advisory board that would
meet periodically with the mayor," Republican candidate for mayor
Wendell Hulcher said last night.
Speaking to the Young Republicans, Hulcher said such an ar-
rangement would be useful if it could be worked out with the approval
of the vice-president for student affairs.
Hulcher said he would not object to meeting specifically with a
student group on housing, such as the Off-Campus Housing Advisory
Board sponsored by Student Government Council.
Another method of improving relations would be to have a one-
day seminar for leaders of local government and University units to
inform the community of their..............'
plans, accomplishments and mu-
tual problems, Hulcher added
Lighting, Discrimination'
Other proposals Hulcher made
were the improvement of street
lighting in and around the cam-
pus areas and further city action
to help eliminate discrimination.
Hulcher said he advocates the
expansion of the city's Fair Hous-
ing Ordinance to include the state=
constitution's article on discrim-
ination because the expansion
would give the individual two
routes of action, either the city
or the -State Civil Rights Com-
mission.
Hulcher stressed, however, that
the University and city are two
separate entities, although both
are set up by the state. WENDELL E. HULCHER
"The University and city have
been getting along well through the decades and it is doubtful that
relations have ever been better than they- are now. The underlying
reasons for this exemplary situation are mutual respect and admira-
tion," Hulcher said.
Basic Factor
He added that growth is a basic factor to be recognized in Uni-
versity-city relations in planning for the future of both.
"Plans on a 'cooperative basis are necessary for everything that
U.S. Hopes To Avoid'
Spread of Conflict
Attacks Termed Highly Successful;
Hanoi Blasts 'Gravity' of 'War Acts'
By The Associated Press
SAIGON-About 160 United States and South Vietnamese
planes struck with bombs, rockets and gunfire yesterday
against North Vietnamese targets in the third and most
thunderous response yet to Viet Cong attacks.
A White House statement said this government maintains
its desire to "avoid spreading the conflict" but felt compelled
to attack military targets in North Viet Nam in response to
"further direct provocation" by the Hanoi government North
Viet Nam called the raids "war acts of utmost gravity."
Smoke columns surged up through broken clouds in the
barracks areas of Chan Hoa and Cap Le, singled out for de-
struction after the bombing
Wednesday night of a U.S. en-
listed men's barracks in Qui
Nhon left 25 Americans dead
or missing.
'Highly Successful'
A U.S. spokesman said the raids
were highly successful, but it was
announced three U.S. Navy car-
rier-based planes were lost.
More than 100 Navy jets, tak-
ing off from the 7th Fleet car-
riers Hancock, Ranger and Coral
Sea, struck at Chan Hoa, 50 miles
north of the border and about four
milesnorthwest of Dong Hhi.
Chap Le, 8.5 miles north of the
border, was the target of 28 pro-
peller-driven Vietnamese fighter-
bombers and an escort of 28 U.S.
Air Force F-100 Sabrejet fighters.
Assassinations
The White House statement
announcing the third reprisal air
strike of this week cited both the
Wednesday Viet Cong bombing
and "assassinations and ambushes
involving South Vietnamese civil
and military officials."
The White House described the
targets which were bombed as mil-
itary facilities used for the train-
ing and infiltration of Viet Cong
personnel into South Viet Nam.
Questions about whether any
further retaliatory action was
planned were met with firm si-
lence at both the White House and
the Pentagon.
'Provocative Acts'
Earlier yesterday North Viet
Nam had sent a message to the
International Control Commission
(ICC) in Viet Nam protesting the
U.S. "sending warships of the 7th
Fleet and provocative acts in the
South China Sea" Feb. 7 and 8.
Liberals Hit
Viet Nam Raids
By The Associated Press
NEW YORK-Dissent over the
United States' recent air attacks
on North Viet Nam came from two
liberal quarters yesterday.
In New York, about 140 persons
marched in front of the United
Nations for an hour and a half. A
spokesman for the demonstration,
sponsored by the Student Peace
Union, said the picketers planned
to remain sitting and fasting on
the steps of the U.S. mission near
the UN throughout the night.
Meanwhile, Americans for Dem-
ocratic Action urged the U.S.
quickly halt its bombings and an-
nounce its willingness to negotiate
"a peaceful settlement that will
result in a neutral Viet Nam."
The statement by John Roche,
ADA national chairman, said the
continued bombings may represent
the beginnings of an escalation of
the war in Asia. A neutral Viet
Nam should be guaranteed by the
major powers with "a UN pres-
ence."
Board Elects
Brennan Head
A stormy meeting of the State
Board of Education was climaxed
yesterday by the election of
Thomas J. Brennan of Dearborn
as the board's first president.
Electedalong with Brennan
were Leon Fill of Huntington
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