Seventy-Sixth Year
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420 MAYNARD ST., ANN ARBOR, MICH.
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Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the inidividual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
JESDAY, MAY 24, 1966
NIGHT EDITOR: SUSAN SCHNEPP
ACE Graduate School Survey
May Have Missed the Point
THE AMERICAN Council of Education
passed judgment in a scholarly opinion
survey over the weekend on the Univer-
sity's relative merit as a graduate insti-
tution.
University administrators remained
relatively silent as Rackham School of
Graduate Studies Dean Stephen H. Spurr
was out of town and Max W. Crosman,
assistant to the dean, would say only that
reactions to the report can be merely pre-
mature ones. Obviously digestion of the
study, its results and implications, will
probably not be completed for several
weeks.
T RE ARE, however, a few observa-
tions to be offered at this time as an
aid to the University community in its
absorption of a survey which can be
viewed with both satisfaction and con-
cern.
While the University appeared among
the "distinguished" in three of five cate-
gories-humanities, social sciences, and
biological sciences-it was toward the bot-
tom of each list. Ivy League schools were
rated consistently above it and in the so-
cial science areas "Big Ten" rival Wiscon-
sin out-ranked the University. Should the
University be pleased or concerned with
these findings?
Logan Wilson, president of the council,
points out that "universities can live on
their reputations much more successfully
and for longer periods than can most
business firms." This, of course, aids the
established institutions, though it may
injure the less prominent ones that are
"making rapid strides" but may find their
reputations lagging. Though the Univer-
sity may be somewhat loathe to admit it,
ours is not yet a reputation which can
match the longstanding ones of Harvard,
Yale, or Princeton.
With this thought in mind, results of
the survey seem slightly less ominous.
THAT THE UNIVERSITY of Wisconsin
was rated above Michigan in social sci-
ences cannot perhaps be so easily passed
over. It may very well be that the Uni-
versity here does not have the strengths
it would like in its social science depart-
ments. Conceivably we do not measure up
to Wisconsin, the Ivy League, or Berkeley.
Wilson indicated that the survey is in-
tended to help "effect improvement" by
attempting to "appraise existing strengths
and weaknesses." The survey in this sense
may have done the University a favor by
emphasizing for us departments in need
of more and better faculty, smaller class-
es, additional courses, etc. But here again
the situation is not so grim as the coun-
cil's study might seem to indicate.
Second class postage paid at Ann Arbor, Mich.
Published daily Tuesday through Saturday morning.
FIRST, EXAMINERS of the survey find-
ings must remember that question-
naires were completed two years ago and
that the time taken to compile and corre-
late the opinions has not been time spent
idly at the University. The political sci-
ence department here, for example, has
already recognized its personnel shortage
and will be adding four new professors in
the fall. In addition, efforts are being
made to increase the number of graduate
courses offered, particularly during the
summer as the number of students climbs
steadily.
Second, the council's report found the
University to be among the 10 leaders in
20 of the 29 departmental disciplines stud-
ied. Though we may be ranked low, we
rank low among the best with more than
90 excellent universities ranking even
lower.
Third, and perhaps most importantly,
we rank beneath Wisconsin and the Ivy
League schools only as far as graduate
departments in the social sciences are
concerned. And here at the University the
departments themselves often play a rela-
tively small part in graduate education.
The Mental Health Research Institute,
the Center for Research on Conflict Reso-
lution, the Institute for Social Research,
the Population Research Center, and the
Institute for Science and Technology to
name just a few are often primary cen-
ters of graduate education. It seems
doubtful that any of the other universi-
ties could even begin to match the facili-
ties for study and individual research
offered by Michigan's institutes.
POSSIBLY THE GREATEST obstacle to
acceptance of the survey is the fact
that the University did not gain "distin-
guished" ratings in the categories of phys-
ical science and engineering. To those
who would begin to frown upon the Uni-
versity as a scientific and technological
graduate school, one must suggest a tour
of the North Campus laboratories and re-
search facilities which two years ago,
when questionnaires were first sent out,
were still in the embryo stage.
The increasing development of North
Campus is positive evidence that the
council's brand new report is already two
years old. Since other universities are
undoubtedly expanding with the same ra-
pidity, the survey may be completely ir-
relevant as it now stands within another
year.
WHILE THE COUNCIL'S survey may
very well be a "survey of informed
opinion," it is not really a "testimony of
expert witnesses." Unless those who an-
swered the questionnaires have visited
the University, noting institutes and
marking half-finished buildings, they
cannot possibly be fully aware of the
University's distinction.
-MEREDITH EIKER
Special To The Daily
OAXACA, MEXICO-The visitor
soon finds Mexico is not one,
but many countries.
The tourist-particularly if he
comes here to Oaxaca (waw-HA-
ca), an important market center
for the region-usually sees one
kind of Mexico: a country full of
smiling Indians selling stunningly
beautiful serapes, rebozas (shawls)
and blankets for absurdly low
prices along with the portal of the
Hotel Marques del Valle; one of
shouting Indians selling their
limes, chile peppers, tomatoes and
meat in the city's market.
Buttbeyond that Mexico, the
tourist's Mexico of peppers and
scrapes, is another country. Two
Oaxaquenas tell the story.
THE FIRST IS Greogoria Bau-
tista, 22, of Santo Domingo, a
farm village of 300 near El Tule,
five miles south of Oaxaca. She
comes to Oaxaca with her hus-
band and their two young chil-
dren to sell the produce of their
farm.
Santo Domingo's farmers, most
of them Zapotec Indians like
Senora Bautista, grow a number
of products, among them beans
and corn, and live primarily in
the adobe-wall, dirt-floor huts
which dot Mexico's countryside.
Her village boasts an elected
mayor and a two-room school (its
six teachers come in daily from
Oaxaca)-but there are no doc-
tors, nurses or health facilities, nor
does Senora Bautista recall the
presence of public health officials,
a deficiency she says is a major
problem for her.
EDUCATIONAL opportunities
for a young student from Santo
Domingo are available, however.
Almost all of the village's young
people can - and do - continue
their education in Oaxaca's sec-
ondary schools, although none
have gone on to a university.
Senora Bautista herself has a
ninth-grade education.
But life is very difficult and
very isolated intellectually. Senora
Bautista has too much work to do
to have time for reading; she has
not heard of Presidents Kennedy
and Johnson and, she adds, has
little idea of what the United
States is like.
The isolation extends to domes-
tic matters as well. Although Mex-
ico has a social security and med-
ical care system, Senora Bautista
seems unaware that she can avail
herself of its benefits.
SENORA Bautista, in a sense,
brings realism to the artificial im-
pression the tourist gets of Oax-
aca's market. Maria Luisa Mar-
tinez gives something of the same
insight into the life of Oaxaca's
textile-sellers.
Senora Martinez, 19, is married
and has one 14-month-old son.
She was born in Oaxaca and has
lived there for most of her life,
although she has twice traveled
the more than 350 miles from
Oaxaca to Mexico City.
SHE SELLS Oaxaca textiles,
primarily aprons and shirts, to
tourists and travelers in the city's
main square, on which the cafes
of several hotels front. A factory,
El Manteleria Oaxaquena, sells
the aprons to her for eight pesos
(one peso equals eight cents) and
the shirts for 20 pesos. ,
She, in turn, acts as the factory's
retail outlet, and keeps as her
profit whatever she can get for
the shirts and aprons beyond what
she paid for them.
Her asking prices are 10 and 25
pesos, respectively, but the tra-
ditional haggling usually cuts the
sale price well below that. Her
average daily profit, she says, is
"usually 10 pesos, sometimes 1',
sometimes nothing." She works
every day save Sunday from noon
until 9 or 10 in the evening.
AS A CITY dweller (Oaxaca's
population is about 70,000) her
opportunities in the way of edu-
cational and sanitary facilities are
fairly broad.
She has a sixth-grade education
and her husband (who works on a
farm outside Oaxaca) has had
four years of school. She would
have liked to continue her educa-
tion to the university level, but
economic necessity and the prob-
able lack of a scholarship meant
she did not try to do so.
Thanks to Mexico's social secur-
ity program, in which her husband
is enrolled, the Martinez family
is assured of some medical care
if illness occurs.
But illness is still a great fear
for Senora Martinez, and for her
friends as well. A number of her
friends' children have died; one
of her own nieces died before she
was seven months old, probably
of colic or dysentry,
ALTHOUGH SHE, like Senora
Bautista, has little time to read,
Senora Martinez has been able to
read an occasional newspaper or
magazine. Her idea of the United
States, though, is about as vague
as that of her country cousin. She
would say with confidence only
that the U.S. President is "el
patron del mundo" (the boss of
the world) and that he is very
powerful, though more so in some
areas and less in others.
She has heard ofsPresident Ken-
nedy and his assassination, al-
though she does not know about
President Johnson and, like Senora
Bautista, is unaware of the U.S.
intervention in the Dominican
Republic.
Like newspapers and magazines,
government also has a greater
presence in the city. On July 5 of
this year Senora Martinez voted
(one may vote at 18, and "It is a
civic duty," she says very firmly)
for Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, now
Mexico's president. She does not
now recall his name but she does
know the same of Oaxaca's gover-
nor, for whom she also voted.
IF ONE CAN judge from these
two conversations, the correspon-
dent concludes that, the average
poor Mexican-which means most
Mexicans-must live assuming the
present and the present condition
will always be his lot.
Both women were completely
astonished and nonplussed when
they were asked what improve-
ments they would want to work
for if they were president of
Mexico, evidently the thought
never occurred to either woman.
Moreover, S e n o r a Martinez
holds no great resentment against
the country's rich-despite con-
siderable economic discrimination
(the cafe's waiter would not allow
an interview with her along the
portal, even at an unused section
of tables)-and says one's suc-
cesses and hardships "depend
more or less on what you do, on
your own efforts."
EACH WOMAN, however, said
she felt education and health
were most important to have-
and to improve-for their chil-
dren. Senora Martinez was espe-
cially emphatic about education,
touching since at their ages both
she and Senora Bautista were
they Americans would probably
be attending universities them-
selves.
What should her interviewer do
for Mexico if he were President
of the U.S.? "Help us," says Sen-
ora Martinez simply,
* * *
SUCH, AS Abraham Lincoln
put it, are the "short, simple an-
nals of the poor." True, at a time
when Americans speak of a Negro
senator by the year 2000, Mexico
elected her first (there have been
others since) full-blooded Indian
president, Benito Juarez, over 100
years ago. Mexico's revolution of
1910-1920 has made her the model
for the rest of Latin America.
And it is also true that these
two interviews cannot claim to
represent definitive sociological
truths, in-depth statistically-vali-
dated studies or careful, repre-
sentative samples of Mexican life.
But these modest and at times
stark stories°are often moving and
eloquent.
SENORA BAUTISTA and her
husband must eke out a precarious
living on a small plot of land, try
to sell it in a hot, noisy, filthy
market, try to raise their children
in a mud hut with none of the
health or sanitary facilities an
American would find essential and
-beyond all this-try to enjoy
life.
Senora Martinez, while her city
has more in the way of facilities,
must try to help raise a family
on average daily earnings of about
80 cents. That figure leaves little
doubt about the diet of her family
or of other families like hers; it
suggests that the seeming "lazi-
ness" one observes is in fact the
result of' malnutrition; it helps
explain why poor Mexican fami-
lies like hers must live in con-
stant fear of illness.
Both families are very poor.
Both must live in cultural and
intellectual isolation enforced by
the stern requirements of making
enough to stay alive.
BUT THESE women-who are
really girls, or would be were it
not for their poverty-and their
families area moving reminder of
Herodotus' ancient saying: A hard
land does not breed a soft people.
The tourist, who sees nothing
but the facade in Oaxaca's market
and its square, will probably do
nothing on his return save-per-
haps - marvel at how low the
prices are and how colorful it
all is.
HIS FELLOW Norteamericano,
however, the one who managed
to penetrate in some way these
superficialities, will probably re-
turn with a somewhat different
feeling.
Though its final manifestations
will be very complex, its initial
cause is very simple-like Senora
Martinez' comment: "Help us."
.
I4
Where Have the Buffalo Gone?
By LIZ WISSMAN
N OW IS THEnTIME for all good
men to come to the aid of
their State. Yes, loyal students.
the Water Wonderland is a much
beleaguered spot these days. From
throughout the nation there de-
scends a rain of calumny and
threat against the very symbol of
our Statehood-the automobile.
And there can be no real doubt
that Michigan is the house that
Henry Ford built. One need only
move a few feet in any direction
to see the sprouting factory chim-
neys, the web of winding highway
systems, or the A-1 Used Car lots.
But a cloud of doom now hangs
over this home-on-the-range, and
we must act to save this, our
vanishing frontier. The herds of
cars still roam the trails in plenty,
but the sunset bleeting of the
horns has a new and terrified
note.
LEADING the charge against
our native wildlife is Roaring
Ralph Nader-the latter day in-
carnation of William Cody. And
what is he fussing, so violently,
about? Why, merely the fact that
automobiles are "unsafe." Come
now, Mr. Nader, is the average
Buffalo "safe?" People once said
that the Kiwi was not a safe bird,
and look where that dear little
feathered friend is today.
But a single hunter, bagging
only a stray Pontiac or a Stude-
baker too senile to keep up with
the pack is nothing to raise alarm.
This Nader fellow, however, has
gone farther-turning what was
commendable private sport into
the new national pasttime. The
population of the United States
has become defect-crazed, search-
ing the streets with the narrowed
gaze of a John Birchite at a
gathering of the A.C.L.U.
As this panic grows, is it any
wonder that most cars are afraid
to come out of their driveways
in the morning? When we hear
the cries of a wounded Corvair-
when we look upon the pallor of
Detroit and the panic that is
Dearborn-how can we turn our
backs?
LET US SUGGEST, then, a
course of action to save our state
wildlife. Perhaps, we shall not be
able to convince the Congress to
set aside-say-all of the Pacific
West Coast as a national game
preserve. But if this is not -pos-
sible, let us at least take courage
from the noble example set by
R. J. Reynolds and the tobacco
states. Yes, friends, now is the
time to rally round the Big Three
and GovernordGeorge Rambler
Romney-to demand that each,-
and every automobile shall be
printed with the words:
"Caution. Automobile driving
may be hazardous to your health."
We have the cause of conserva-
tion and civil rights upon our
side.
"East Is East, And West Is West-And, Man,
We Have Problems With Both Of Them"
VIETNAMvINATO 77K ~~
£*
- ~~I ji
* i
V i9 ~ s~sea y
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Drugs vs. Man's Inherent Capaobilities
Nf,
EDITOR'S NOTE: The au-
thors of this letter are all stu-
dents of phenomena associated
with psychedelic drugs. Allan Y.
Cohen has completed require-
ments for a PhD. and is a teach
ing fellow in social relations at
Harvard University. R o b e r t
Dreyfuss has a B.A. from Boston
University and has been study-
ing Eastern psychology. Fred-
erick Chapman will receive an
A.B. from Harvard in June and
will do graduate work on a Ful-
bright teaching fellowship to
India.
-C.W.
To the Editor:
THE USE of drugs-from mari-
juana and amphetamines to LSD,
DMT and peyote-is now a major
controversy. Psychedelic or "con-
sciousness expanding" drugs can
provide experiences so impressive
and profound that more and more
people are looking to them as the
most immediate and effective way
to deepen personal insight and
expand awareness.
That these experiences are im-
pressive is a well-established fact
with us; we have actively followed
drug research from its earliest
roots and are thoroughly familiar
with the enchantments of almost
every facet of psychedelic indul-
gence. Searching for lasting posi-
Here the statements of Avatar
Meher Baba are pertinent. Baba
is a nonsectarian spiritual Master
-now living in India-who is ac-
knowledged East and West as the
authority on higher states of con-
sciousness. (For one, U.S. psy-
chedelic spokesman Dr. Richard
Alpert recognizes Baba's mastery
in this field.)
WHEN CONSULTED about psy-
chedelics, Baba replied: "The ex-
periences which drugs induce are
as far removed from Reality as is
a mirage from water. No matter
how much you pursue the mirage,
you will never quench your thirst,
and the search for Truth through
drugs must end in disillusionment.
Many people in India smoke
hashish and gunja-they see color
forms and lights and its makes
them elated. But this elevation is
only temporary. It gives only ex-
periences of illusion, and serves to
take one further away from real-
ity. The feeling of having had a
glimpse of higher states of con-
sciousnessmay only lull one into
a false security.
Although LSD is not a physic-
ally addicting drug, one can be-
come attached to the experiences
arising from its use, and one gets
tempted to use it in increased
doses, again and agin, in the hope
of deeper and deeper experiences.
But this can only lead to mad-
Daily Reviews
To the Editor:
THE AVERAGE film critic finds
himself in a miserable position.
Firstly he has a poor cross-section
of films to review-not one God-
dard in the past year and who
has heard of Ozu?-secondly he
must review everything that comes
along, the trite Hollywood love
story and the "work of art." This
miserable position tends to miser-
able criticism, to slickness and
trite writing. The Daily film critic
is a fine example.
From a college newspaper we
demand sophistication and analy-
sis-a distinction to be made be-
tween film reporting and film
criticism. We demand a criticism
that dispenses with the conven
tions, a wild, long-haired work of
destruction, the critic to become
creator. There are critics in abun-
dance who are creative-Jonas
Mekas in Film Culture, Andrew
Sarris in Cahiers du Cinema in
English or better still the early
criticism of Andre Bazin or
Alexandre Astruc.
SATURDAY'S REVIEWS of
"Judith" and "The Circus" prompt
this letter. The Judith review may
be dismissed as slick writing and
with surprise that the critic has
only just realised the "morality"
content of Western (How relevant
+n +a Wih1,t-
Chaplin" (a phrase in the tone of
the piece if not in the writing)
tells us no more than, says, that
a typical Velasquez painting is a
portrait.
THE CRITIC should note that
this film is part of a season-"The
American Film Director." Even
though the films being shown only
appear in the "second best fifty
American films"-no Murnau, no
Von Stroheim, no Hitchcock-they
must be critised in terms of Amer-
ican film "culture." And there is
much to be said in this respect.
Above all film reporting is not
film criticism.
-Andrew Lugg, Grad
The llunt
To the Editor:
IT WAS with utmost horror that
I read the advertisement for
"The Hunt" in recent issues of
the Michigan Daily and the article
about this new craze in the May
13, 1966 issue of Time Magazine.
Sadness pervades one with the
realization that valuable energies
are wasted on a sadistic past time,
instead of being channelled into
constructive actions which need
everyone's attention, i.e. efforts
to achieve a peaceful solution for
Viet Nam, involvement in dpmes-
tic affairs to achieve social and
economic equality for the present-
1v dimarvasnA gtnr losm ito
organizations t h r o u g h which
people . can become acquainted
with others. That we must engage
in such sadistic activities as "simu-
lating a kill by physical touch
with the instrument of destruc-
tion," to achieve the above named
purposes, reverts us to barbaric
days.
Op art and camp have their
limits!
-Barbara Rose
B.A. '59, M.S.W. '64
A Request,
To the Editor:
WILL BEGIN this letter by
first identifying myself and
then explain my reason for writ-
ing. My name is Lyle Barber
(104251). I ram 25 years old and
I have been in prison for the past
six years.
MY PURPOSE for writing is to
invite correspondence from some-
one who might have something in
common with me in spite of my
prior conduct. For a few years
now I have been studying quite
constantly and seriously the physi-
cal sciences; chemistry, physics,
electronics and"related subjects. I
have also devoted some time to the
study of philosophy.
I would be interested in cor-
responding with someone who
shares with me a more than casual