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VOL. LXXVI, No. 49S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, JULY 16, 1966 SEVEN CENTS
Kenned Hel ps South Africans Oppose Apo
FOUR PAGES
rtheid
EDITOR'S NOTE: This news
analysis on the effects of Sen.
Robert Kennedy's recent trip to
South Africa was written by
Mike Baker, a 1965 graduate of
the University of Cape Town
and a writer for the South Af-
rican National Student Press
Association (SANSPA). He cov-
ered the recent Kennedy trip
and is an active member of the
National Union of South Afri-
can Students (NUSAS), the
group which first invited the
senator.
By MIKE BAKER
Collegiate Press Service
JOHANNESBURG - Bobby has
been and gone. The National Un-
ion of South African Students is
acting as if he had never left, and
the government is pretending he
never came. Just who is closer to
the truth?
I was at Jan Smuts Airport,
Johannesburg, when he flew in,
and I was with him at the Uni-
versity of the Witswatersrand in
Johannesburg the night of his )ost
speech, when he traveled from his
car to the hall carried on the
shoulders of enthusiastic students.
And I spent my days as an offi-
cer in the pro-government South
African Army, where he was sus-
piciously regarded as a meddling,
interloping, pink super-interna-
tionalist, the guest of a "commun-
ist" organization.
Somewhere in between must lie
his true effect on this land of
apartheid..
For NUSAS, Kennedy's visit
achieved all that was expected,
and more. For three years, NUSAS
has been rocking on its heels un-
der increasingly savage govern-
ment attacks, and denouncements
of it as communist because past
members and leaders were forced
by a growing sense of defeat into
irresponsible acts of sabotage.
The years since 1959 have seen
the erosion of the academic free-
dom of the university to decide
who shall teach, who shall be
taught, and what shall be taught.
As headmaster Robert Birley of
Eton said in the annual NUSAS
Day of Affirmation Speech last
year, "You must be among the
very few who hold speeches to
keep alive the memory of your
defeats."
This year, the Day of Affirma-
tion speaker was Kennedy. The
speech is intended to keep alive
the memory of the days before
1959, when Witswatersrand and
the University of Cape Town kept
their doors open to all qualified
students regardless of race.
But South Africa has changed
since 1959, and so has NUSAS,
which is the largest multi-racial
organization in the nation. One of
the most important crises facing
NJSAS is that of membership. Un-
committed students, students pre-
vailed upon by their parents not
to rock the boat, students whose
parents are white supremacists
(and the recent general election
seems to show that almost all the
white people in this country are),
have been used as a crowbar by
Minister of Justice Vorster in his
efforts to smash NUSAS.
The past year saw campus after
campus take the protective step of
abandoning "automatic enroll-
ment" in NUSAS of all students,
replacing it with "centre enroll-
ment," in which the student gov-
ernment of the campus affiliates
with NUSAS on behalf of the stu-
dent body, and students are not
personally NUSAS members. And
even this has not been "protec-
tive" enough for those who wish
to shy away from any multi-racial
organization.
Into this crisis, and the larger
crisis facing all of South Africa,
Sen. Robert Kennedy came like a
whirlwind of change and promise,
injecting new enthusiasm into the
stalwarts, and showing the faint
of heart and their parents that
here was an organization which
he,' at least, was not ashamed to
be associated with.
In his own words: "Above all, I
have been impressed by South Af-
rican youth . . . so many of those
I have seen, so many of those who
are here in this hall tonight, are
standing w i t h their brothers
around the globe for liberty and
equality and human dignity, not
in the ease and comfort and ap-
probation of society, but in the
midst of controversy and difficulty
and risk."
These words were said in South
Africa by a Kennedy. And they
brought many, many faltering stu-
dents back to the cause of NUSAS.
So much did Kennedy's visit bring
fresh life into NUSAS, indeed,
that a pro-government Afrikaans
newspaper, Die Beeld,'has found it
necessary to prophesy more ban-
nings of student leaders by the
government to counter the up-
swing in morale.
But because of the Kennedy
visit, such bannings will be tricxy
for Vorster to execute. The whole
world knows that NUSAS Presi-
dent Ian Robertson was banned
for " inviting Kennedy here, and
the eyes of the world will be on
further bannings.
The political situation in this
nation is strange. The English-
speaking people surrendered po-
litical sovereignty when the Un-
ion was founded in 1910. There
has never been a Prime Minister
of British descent. The English
have abdicated to the Afrikaaners,
first in appeasement and later
through fear. Now, in the shadow
of the Rhodesian crisis, there is
no possibility that the English,
who are probably more moderate
in their opinions, can resume their
political influence, even though
they represent 46 per cent of the
white population.
Only 150,000 whites voted for
Progressive candidates (who sup-
port a multi-racial franchise) in
the last general election. Only
those few will take Kennedy's
words, and his condemnation of
apartheid to heart. The rest will
forget.
As Kennedy himself said, the
hope for this country lies in its
youth, and the effect of his visit
has been to increase and strength-
en NUSAS and its allies.
Local Board !
Restricts 2-S
Deferments
Freshmen Now 1-A
After Suggestion -
By State Director
THE
The Ann Arbor Selective Service collection
Board announced yesterday that
it will classify freshman college the past 4
students 1-A as a change of pro- jng 65 ite
cedure, not as a preliminary step major wor
to induction.
"This is essentially a holding THE e
-1 process," Col. W. J. Myers, deputy torn down
director of the state Selective is in the
Service office, said yesterday. to North C
the Broadv
The freshmen students classi- The B
fied 1-A will not be inducted while U e
University
freshmen, but will have their per- are "struc
formance in school evaluated at
14 Russell, pla
the end of their year to determine
whether they are making suitable
progress, Myers added. IN A
school sen
"All students will be allowed to wn ot
complete their first year of stud- want to t
ies, but those who are not study- All ar
ing, who are not attending their are makin
classes would be better serving improve, s
their country in the military." State Univ
This change in procedure was The e
recommended to all boards in the he g
country in letters they received federal gra
from Selective Service headquar- Cade s
ters in Washington in last June. high scho
Myers indicated that though even consid
freshmen might be sent draft "Hopef
notices at any time, they would will impro
not be inducted until after their world enou
first year. Tep
Myers said once it had been de-
termined that a student, at the Factor
-, end of his freshman year, was exposure tt
making satisfactory progress, he individual
would be given a 2-S student de-
ferment. He would of course have When
to continue "progressing normally 01 counseli
as a serious student" to keep the last year o
deferment, he said.
This change, Myers indicated, is THE
part of the national Selective possibilities
Service policy of reviewing those to bring in
students who have just finished the Associa
high schools, and have not pro- The S
gressed far with a college educa- developmen
tion. e St
The st
"There will be no wholesale re- involve $50
classification of sophomores, jun-
iors and seniors whose records It will
show them to be good students," Educationa
he concluded, grant for a
POPULATION GROWTH:
Arn Arbor 19
Retail sales in Ann Arbor will per cent of t
roughly double within a decade, this ratio w:
reaching at least the $325 million cent in Ann
level by 1975, according to a re- On the oth
port by Alfred W. Swinyard and of apparel a:
William G. Moller of the Bureau in Ann Arbo
of Business Research in the busi- per cent of
ness administration school. 1975-a ratio
The principal causes of higher the county a
retail sales In 1975 will be popula- associated wi
tion growth in Washtenaw County lation of the
and its various urban sectors, and
rising levels of income of the pop- The report
ulation the report predicts, accelerated i
By 1975, the authors estimate, populations a
the county will contain 256,833 Eastern Mich
residents, compared to an esti- lead to popul
mated 191,200 residents in 1965. more rapid ra
Of the 1975 population of some . . . In this s
197,000 residents, 77 per cent will reveal that th
. n . a 4ir Q '
NEWS WIRE
UNIVERSITY'S LIBRARY has recently acquired the
of books by and about Charles Dickens assembled over
0 years by a Detroit resident, Charles Crouse. Contain-
ms, the collection contains all the first editions of the
ks of Dickens, most in their original bindings.
BRIDGE OVER THE RAILROAD tracks is gofig to be
Monday, July 18. The other bridge to North Campus
process of being torn down now. The only way to get
Campus will be by University bus or by re-routing thru
way bridge.
ridges are being torn down to accommodate the new
buses scheduled to run Aug. 15. The present bridges
turally unsound" for those buses accordinr' to Howard
anner for the city council.
"WAR ON TALENT WASTE," 60 Ea.t Lansin high
Hors are taking college courses designed to make them
ake more college courses, the Associated Press reports.
e from relatively low-income families and some who
g poor grades now lack the necessary motivation to
aid Alex J. Cade, director of the program at Michigan
ersity.
ight-week summer session is financed by a $75,853
ant and is part of the national upward bound program.
said some of the students have considered going beyond
ol, but rejected it as too expensive, and others never
dered college.
fully, participation in the upward bound program
ye their grades, motivation, and understanding of the
agh to make them eligible for admission to college."
ogram includes part-time campus jobs for the students.
s aimed at making the students lift their sights include
o the university atmosphere, group counseling, classes,
attention, cultural events and recreation.
the summer program ends Sept. 2, a nine-month period
ng and tutoring will follow the students through their
1 high school.
TATE DEPARTMENT of Education says it will study
s of starting a statewide educational television system
structional TV to every school and home in Michigan,
ted Press reports.
tate Board of Education earlier this week approved
nt of a state educational TV plan.
udy, expected to take from six to nine months, will
,000 in state funds, said board member Edwin Novak.
be made in cooperation with the Central Michigan 3
1 Resources Council, which received a $66,000 federal
similar study.
75--omn ity;
Boo- in
-Daily-Andy Sacks
HISTORY MEETS FATE
There was a great deal of history in West Physics building, which for many years was chiefly known as the second oldest teaching facil-
ity in the University, old, dark and dirty. Completed in 1888, the building provided much-needed space for lectures, recitations and lab-
oratory classes. Now it is making way for "Library South Plaza," a paved area landscaped to include art works.
RED TAPE' AVOIDABLE:
ResearcU-her1ts Us'e Uncomplicatedl
-Methods To Get Federal Funds
Guardsmen
Bring Calm
To Chicago
Block Patrols Result
In End of Three-Day
West Side Race Riots
CHICAGO (A') - After three
nights and a day of racial violence
and looting, relative calm-except
for sporadic outbursts - returned
last night to Chicago's West Side.
It came when 1,500 National
Guardsmen with guns and orders
to shoot to kill if fired upon, back-
ed by 1,000 police, patrolled block
by block the scene of the worst
Northern disturbances since Los
Angeles' Watts riots last year.
Violence that began Tuesday
night, when Negroes protested the
shutting off of a fire hydrant cool-
ing children at play, had all but
ended by nightfall.
Earlier the area had its first
daylight trouble-looting and win-
dow smashing-since the outbursts
began.
Minor
Last night the disturbances were
mostly minor. But shortly before
11 p.m. there was a brief flurry of
shots on Kedzie Avenue. Police
sai da sniper from a building hit
a police car which had turned into
an alley. No one was injured. Of-
ficers returned the fire. Seventy-
five to 100 patrolmen converged on
the scene, but found no one.
Shortly afterward the National
Guard officer in charge, Maj. Gen.
Francis P. Kane, said when asked
about the situation: 'Fine. I hope
it stays this way."
Streets last night were far from
deserted, but were peaceful com-
pared with Thursday night when
an estimated 5,000 roamed and
looted - amid widespread sniper
fire and police volleys in return.
Two Negroes were shot to death
Thursday night and 30 person,
were mounded.
Clustering
Yesterday knots of Negroes
clustered on sidewalks, talking
among themselves and occasion-
ally hooting and catcalling- at p-
lice or guardsmen. But they didn't
get out of control.
"Look at them," a youth cried
as a Guard Jeep rolled by.
"White. All of them white."
"Man, look at those guns," an-
other said.
"Theyaren't scaring nobody,"
said a third. "This ain't Viet Nam.
This is Chicago. We're just Ameri-
can Negroes. We want our free-
dom but we ain't got it. If we had
It there wouldn't be all this."
Natonl Guard units totaling
3,000 men, freshly trained in riot
control, were called out yesterday
after a request from Mayor Rich-
ard J. Daley to Gov. Otto Kerner.
The first contingent of 1,500-
carrying pistols, carbines and tear
gas - began patrolling a 140-
square-block area before nightfall.
By PATRICIA O'DONOIIUE from "the point of view as the can afford to support. After rating
Despite the legendary mountain University as a whole" according the multitude of proposals they
total retail sales, but
ill only be 18 3 per
Arbor.
her hand, retail sales
rnd accessories stores
r will be about 13.3
total retail sales in
higher than that of
as a whole, and one
th the student popu-
University,
stated that "Further,
ncreases of student
t the University and
higan University will
lation increases at a
gate than is indicated
ense, the future may
he population and in-
ta. +A" A h
Already, enrollment has been
severly curtailed at the freshman
level; hardly adequate funds from
the State Legislature, building ad-
ditions will be few, hardly enough
to accommodate a considerably
expanded enrollment.
Swinyard said there would be
no difficulty in businessmen find-
ing room to expand or begin new
enterprises in Ann Arbor, even
though there is a scarcity of land
in the central campus area, al-
ready being stiffly competed for by
realtors and the University.
He said that areas on the out-
skirts of the city would in large
measure help solve any problems
of lack of space, citing the new
shopping center going up at Sa-
of red tape usually associated with to Norman. This is, if the propo- I
the federal government, especially sition is simlar to one previouslyI
where money is concerned, those proposed or already in progress
in the know indicate it is rela- the ORA will advise him to speak
tively simple for someone to get to the directors of the same pro-
a federal grant. The only trick is ject in an effort to avoid duplicity.
the utilization of proper pro- The project then goes to the
cedures. federal agency which is most like-
All of these projects require ly to support that particular re-
monetary support - the majority search. This agency can be any
receive federal funds. one of the inumerable federal bu-
The first step on the road to a reaus, departments, etc. which
federal grant is taken by the in- have specific funds alloted for
dividual who would like to do re- research purposes. The National
search. He usually conceives of Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
the prospective research in broad tration is of course the biggest
terms, and must choose between source but the Atomic Energy
".pure" or "applied" scientific re- Commission, the Office of Educa-
search. tion, the Department of Health,
Prof. Frank Harary of the math Education and Welfare and thea
department and a research asso- military departments are big
ciate at the Research Center for backers too.
Group Dynamics describes the Within the various research de-
field of the 'purists" as "the blue parments of these organizations,
sky" of research; the type of work there are also specific divisions,
which allows one to initiate "re- each containing several depart-
search innovations" into his field. ments. For example, there is a
Development division established for purely
The "applied" scientific ap- scientific research such as physics
proach involves development of and math and a division devoted
existing research and applying to research in the social sciences.
them to the present world; one These divisions are then sub-di-
example is military applications vided into departments of physics,
and development of the peace-time math, chemistry, psychology, po-
uses of atomic energy. litical science, etc.
Once this decision is made the If the requested amount is above
individual will make out a pro- a quarter of a million dollars, there
posal containing his scientific ob- is a "site visit" conducted by the
..... s.... .., ., .... _..v.. ,1-; . . E .. 2 r- i" . ..... <. _- - + +I fne - 1 n
consult their budget in order to
make a final choice.
Once the decision to support a
particular project has been reach-j
ed, they write to the University,
through the ORA, and inform
them that a particular project will
be supported with a certain
amount of funds. Norman refers
to his as the "grand instrument;"
it will outline the total amount to
be received on a complete break-
down of the budget.
The ORA then gives the project
an account number. This is a nec-
essary measure because the fed-
eral monies are given to the ORA
for their jurisdiction.
If the project is in need of more
facilities, such as office furniture,
the ORA will in many cases loan
the necessary equipment. The pro-
ject is not allowed to keep them+
because it is University property
which will eventually be needed
elsewhere.
Politics
The type of project chosen by
the government is influenced by
the political temper ruling the
capital. The meteoric growth of
NASA is evidence that the gov-
ernment has been very conductive
to project proposals of any kind.
But the war in Viet Nam, accord-
ing to many research associates
and directors, has slowed down
the stream of federal funds.
But there is every indication
that this situation will only be
temporary; the government is cur-
rently expanding its research aid
to the arts, and the country is
only on the threshold of science,
according to Harary, with much
more to come,
Senior Grade Average Rises
By MEREDITH EIKER
Seniors who graduated from the
University this past spring with
a 3.0 cumulative average or less.
found themselves in the lower half
of their class.
According to John Manning, ad-
ministrative assistant to the dean
in the junior-senior counseling
nffics the nover11 adeonint of
in the past few years has been
taking more highly qualified
freshmen who achieve well during
the course of their University
career.
"It may be too," said Manning,
"that it's getting easier to get
good grades, but I seriously doubt
it."
He nointed out the cumulative
number of students asked to leave
for academic reasons is due to the
trimester system.
Dean Haber
Dean William Haber of the lit-
erary college yesterday commented
that the cumulative individual
gradepoint average of all students
in the college is "the highest its
ever been."