STUDENT'S DECISION: TO KILL OR TO HIDE See Editorial Page t 43gaU 43 FAIR High-80 Low-55 Continued cooler; sunny with winds Seventy-Six Years of Editorial Freedom VOL. LXXVI, No. 49S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, JULY 16, 1966 SEVEN CENTS Kenned Hel ps South Africans Oppose Apo FOUR PAGES rtheid EDITOR'S NOTE: This news analysis on the effects of Sen. Robert Kennedy's recent trip to South Africa was written by Mike Baker, a 1965 graduate of the University of Cape Town and a writer for the South Af- rican National Student Press Association (SANSPA). He cov- ered the recent Kennedy trip and is an active member of the National Union of South Afri- can Students (NUSAS), the group which first invited the senator. By MIKE BAKER Collegiate Press Service JOHANNESBURG - Bobby has been and gone. The National Un- ion of South African Students is acting as if he had never left, and the government is pretending he never came. Just who is closer to the truth? I was at Jan Smuts Airport, Johannesburg, when he flew in, and I was with him at the Uni- versity of the Witswatersrand in Johannesburg the night of his )ost speech, when he traveled from his car to the hall carried on the shoulders of enthusiastic students. And I spent my days as an offi- cer in the pro-government South African Army, where he was sus- piciously regarded as a meddling, interloping, pink super-interna- tionalist, the guest of a "commun- ist" organization. Somewhere in between must lie his true effect on this land of apartheid.. For NUSAS, Kennedy's visit achieved all that was expected, and more. For three years, NUSAS has been rocking on its heels un- der increasingly savage govern- ment attacks, and denouncements of it as communist because past members and leaders were forced by a growing sense of defeat into irresponsible acts of sabotage. The years since 1959 have seen the erosion of the academic free- dom of the university to decide who shall teach, who shall be taught, and what shall be taught. As headmaster Robert Birley of Eton said in the annual NUSAS Day of Affirmation Speech last year, "You must be among the very few who hold speeches to keep alive the memory of your defeats." This year, the Day of Affirma- tion speaker was Kennedy. The speech is intended to keep alive the memory of the days before 1959, when Witswatersrand and the University of Cape Town kept their doors open to all qualified students regardless of race. But South Africa has changed since 1959, and so has NUSAS, which is the largest multi-racial organization in the nation. One of the most important crises facing NJSAS is that of membership. Un- committed students, students pre- vailed upon by their parents not to rock the boat, students whose parents are white supremacists (and the recent general election seems to show that almost all the white people in this country are), have been used as a crowbar by Minister of Justice Vorster in his efforts to smash NUSAS. The past year saw campus after campus take the protective step of abandoning "automatic enroll- ment" in NUSAS of all students, replacing it with "centre enroll- ment," in which the student gov- ernment of the campus affiliates with NUSAS on behalf of the stu- dent body, and students are not personally NUSAS members. And even this has not been "protec- tive" enough for those who wish to shy away from any multi-racial organization. Into this crisis, and the larger crisis facing all of South Africa, Sen. Robert Kennedy came like a whirlwind of change and promise, injecting new enthusiasm into the stalwarts, and showing the faint of heart and their parents that here was an organization which he,' at least, was not ashamed to be associated with. In his own words: "Above all, I have been impressed by South Af- rican youth . . . so many of those I have seen, so many of those who are here in this hall tonight, are standing w i t h their brothers around the globe for liberty and equality and human dignity, not in the ease and comfort and ap- probation of society, but in the midst of controversy and difficulty and risk." These words were said in South Africa by a Kennedy. And they brought many, many faltering stu- dents back to the cause of NUSAS. So much did Kennedy's visit bring fresh life into NUSAS, indeed, that a pro-government Afrikaans newspaper, Die Beeld,'has found it necessary to prophesy more ban- nings of student leaders by the government to counter the up- swing in morale. But because of the Kennedy visit, such bannings will be tricxy for Vorster to execute. The whole world knows that NUSAS Presi- dent Ian Robertson was banned for " inviting Kennedy here, and the eyes of the world will be on further bannings. The political situation in this nation is strange. The English- speaking people surrendered po- litical sovereignty when the Un- ion was founded in 1910. There has never been a Prime Minister of British descent. The English have abdicated to the Afrikaaners, first in appeasement and later through fear. Now, in the shadow of the Rhodesian crisis, there is no possibility that the English, who are probably more moderate in their opinions, can resume their political influence, even though they represent 46 per cent of the white population. Only 150,000 whites voted for Progressive candidates (who sup- port a multi-racial franchise) in the last general election. Only those few will take Kennedy's words, and his condemnation of apartheid to heart. The rest will forget. As Kennedy himself said, the hope for this country lies in its youth, and the effect of his visit has been to increase and strength- en NUSAS and its allies. Local Board ! Restricts 2-S Deferments Freshmen Now 1-A After Suggestion - By State Director THE The Ann Arbor Selective Service collection Board announced yesterday that it will classify freshman college the past 4 students 1-A as a change of pro- jng 65 ite cedure, not as a preliminary step major wor to induction. "This is essentially a holding THE e -1 process," Col. W. J. Myers, deputy torn down director of the state Selective is in the Service office, said yesterday. to North C the Broadv The freshmen students classi- The B fied 1-A will not be inducted while U e University freshmen, but will have their per- are "struc formance in school evaluated at 14 Russell, pla the end of their year to determine whether they are making suitable progress, Myers added. IN A school sen "All students will be allowed to wn ot complete their first year of stud- want to t ies, but those who are not study- All ar ing, who are not attending their are makin classes would be better serving improve, s their country in the military." State Univ This change in procedure was The e recommended to all boards in the he g country in letters they received federal gra from Selective Service headquar- Cade s ters in Washington in last June. high scho Myers indicated that though even consid freshmen might be sent draft "Hopef notices at any time, they would will impro not be inducted until after their world enou first year. Tep Myers said once it had been de- termined that a student, at the Factor -, end of his freshman year, was exposure tt making satisfactory progress, he individual would be given a 2-S student de- ferment. He would of course have When to continue "progressing normally 01 counseli as a serious student" to keep the last year o deferment, he said. This change, Myers indicated, is THE part of the national Selective possibilities Service policy of reviewing those to bring in students who have just finished the Associa high schools, and have not pro- The S gressed far with a college educa- developmen tion. e St The st "There will be no wholesale re- involve $50 classification of sophomores, jun- iors and seniors whose records It will show them to be good students," Educationa he concluded, grant for a POPULATION GROWTH: Arn Arbor 19 Retail sales in Ann Arbor will per cent of t roughly double within a decade, this ratio w: reaching at least the $325 million cent in Ann level by 1975, according to a re- On the oth port by Alfred W. Swinyard and of apparel a: William G. Moller of the Bureau in Ann Arbo of Business Research in the busi- per cent of ness administration school. 1975-a ratio The principal causes of higher the county a retail sales In 1975 will be popula- associated wi tion growth in Washtenaw County lation of the and its various urban sectors, and rising levels of income of the pop- The report ulation the report predicts, accelerated i By 1975, the authors estimate, populations a the county will contain 256,833 Eastern Mich residents, compared to an esti- lead to popul mated 191,200 residents in 1965. more rapid ra Of the 1975 population of some . . . In this s 197,000 residents, 77 per cent will reveal that th . n . a 4ir Q ' NEWS WIRE UNIVERSITY'S LIBRARY has recently acquired the of books by and about Charles Dickens assembled over 0 years by a Detroit resident, Charles Crouse. Contain- ms, the collection contains all the first editions of the ks of Dickens, most in their original bindings. BRIDGE OVER THE RAILROAD tracks is gofig to be Monday, July 18. The other bridge to North Campus process of being torn down now. The only way to get Campus will be by University bus or by re-routing thru way bridge. ridges are being torn down to accommodate the new buses scheduled to run Aug. 15. The present bridges turally unsound" for those buses accordinr' to Howard anner for the city council. "WAR ON TALENT WASTE," 60 Ea.t Lansin high Hors are taking college courses designed to make them ake more college courses, the Associated Press reports. e from relatively low-income families and some who g poor grades now lack the necessary motivation to aid Alex J. Cade, director of the program at Michigan ersity. ight-week summer session is financed by a $75,853 ant and is part of the national upward bound program. said some of the students have considered going beyond ol, but rejected it as too expensive, and others never dered college. fully, participation in the upward bound program ye their grades, motivation, and understanding of the agh to make them eligible for admission to college." ogram includes part-time campus jobs for the students. s aimed at making the students lift their sights include o the university atmosphere, group counseling, classes, attention, cultural events and recreation. the summer program ends Sept. 2, a nine-month period ng and tutoring will follow the students through their 1 high school. TATE DEPARTMENT of Education says it will study s of starting a statewide educational television system structional TV to every school and home in Michigan, ted Press reports. tate Board of Education earlier this week approved nt of a state educational TV plan. udy, expected to take from six to nine months, will ,000 in state funds, said board member Edwin Novak. be made in cooperation with the Central Michigan 3 1 Resources Council, which received a $66,000 federal similar study. 75--omn ity; Boo- in -Daily-Andy Sacks HISTORY MEETS FATE There was a great deal of history in West Physics building, which for many years was chiefly known as the second oldest teaching facil- ity in the University, old, dark and dirty. Completed in 1888, the building provided much-needed space for lectures, recitations and lab- oratory classes. Now it is making way for "Library South Plaza," a paved area landscaped to include art works. RED TAPE' AVOIDABLE: ResearcU-her1ts Us'e Uncomplicatedl -Methods To Get Federal Funds Guardsmen Bring Calm To Chicago Block Patrols Result In End of Three-Day West Side Race Riots CHICAGO (A') - After three nights and a day of racial violence and looting, relative calm-except for sporadic outbursts - returned last night to Chicago's West Side. It came when 1,500 National Guardsmen with guns and orders to shoot to kill if fired upon, back- ed by 1,000 police, patrolled block by block the scene of the worst Northern disturbances since Los Angeles' Watts riots last year. Violence that began Tuesday night, when Negroes protested the shutting off of a fire hydrant cool- ing children at play, had all but ended by nightfall. Earlier the area had its first daylight trouble-looting and win- dow smashing-since the outbursts began. Minor Last night the disturbances were mostly minor. But shortly before 11 p.m. there was a brief flurry of shots on Kedzie Avenue. Police sai da sniper from a building hit a police car which had turned into an alley. No one was injured. Of- ficers returned the fire. Seventy- five to 100 patrolmen converged on the scene, but found no one. Shortly afterward the National Guard officer in charge, Maj. Gen. Francis P. Kane, said when asked about the situation: 'Fine. I hope it stays this way." Streets last night were far from deserted, but were peaceful com- pared with Thursday night when an estimated 5,000 roamed and looted - amid widespread sniper fire and police volleys in return. Two Negroes were shot to death Thursday night and 30 person, were mounded. Clustering Yesterday knots of Negroes clustered on sidewalks, talking among themselves and occasion- ally hooting and catcalling- at p- lice or guardsmen. But they didn't get out of control. "Look at them," a youth cried as a Guard Jeep rolled by. "White. All of them white." "Man, look at those guns," an- other said. "Theyaren't scaring nobody," said a third. "This ain't Viet Nam. This is Chicago. We're just Ameri- can Negroes. We want our free- dom but we ain't got it. If we had It there wouldn't be all this." Natonl Guard units totaling 3,000 men, freshly trained in riot control, were called out yesterday after a request from Mayor Rich- ard J. Daley to Gov. Otto Kerner. The first contingent of 1,500- carrying pistols, carbines and tear gas - began patrolling a 140- square-block area before nightfall. By PATRICIA O'DONOIIUE from "the point of view as the can afford to support. After rating Despite the legendary mountain University as a whole" according the multitude of proposals they total retail sales, but ill only be 18 3 per Arbor. her hand, retail sales rnd accessories stores r will be about 13.3 total retail sales in higher than that of as a whole, and one th the student popu- University, stated that "Further, ncreases of student t the University and higan University will lation increases at a gate than is indicated ense, the future may he population and in- ta. +A" A h Already, enrollment has been severly curtailed at the freshman level; hardly adequate funds from the State Legislature, building ad- ditions will be few, hardly enough to accommodate a considerably expanded enrollment. Swinyard said there would be no difficulty in businessmen find- ing room to expand or begin new enterprises in Ann Arbor, even though there is a scarcity of land in the central campus area, al- ready being stiffly competed for by realtors and the University. He said that areas on the out- skirts of the city would in large measure help solve any problems of lack of space, citing the new shopping center going up at Sa- of red tape usually associated with to Norman. This is, if the propo- I the federal government, especially sition is simlar to one previouslyI where money is concerned, those proposed or already in progress in the know indicate it is rela- the ORA will advise him to speak tively simple for someone to get to the directors of the same pro- a federal grant. The only trick is ject in an effort to avoid duplicity. the utilization of proper pro- The project then goes to the cedures. federal agency which is most like- All of these projects require ly to support that particular re- monetary support - the majority search. This agency can be any receive federal funds. one of the inumerable federal bu- The first step on the road to a reaus, departments, etc. which federal grant is taken by the in- have specific funds alloted for dividual who would like to do re- research purposes. The National search. He usually conceives of Aeronautics and Space Adminis- the prospective research in broad tration is of course the biggest terms, and must choose between source but the Atomic Energy ".pure" or "applied" scientific re- Commission, the Office of Educa- search. tion, the Department of Health, Prof. Frank Harary of the math Education and Welfare and thea department and a research asso- military departments are big ciate at the Research Center for backers too. Group Dynamics describes the Within the various research de- field of the 'purists" as "the blue parments of these organizations, sky" of research; the type of work there are also specific divisions, which allows one to initiate "re- each containing several depart- search innovations" into his field. ments. For example, there is a Development division established for purely The "applied" scientific ap- scientific research such as physics proach involves development of and math and a division devoted existing research and applying to research in the social sciences. them to the present world; one These divisions are then sub-di- example is military applications vided into departments of physics, and development of the peace-time math, chemistry, psychology, po- uses of atomic energy. litical science, etc. Once this decision is made the If the requested amount is above individual will make out a pro- a quarter of a million dollars, there posal containing his scientific ob- is a "site visit" conducted by the ..... s.... .., ., .... _..v.. ,1-; . . E .. 2 r- i" . ..... <. _- - + +I fne - 1 n consult their budget in order to make a final choice. Once the decision to support a particular project has been reach-j ed, they write to the University, through the ORA, and inform them that a particular project will be supported with a certain amount of funds. Norman refers to his as the "grand instrument;" it will outline the total amount to be received on a complete break- down of the budget. The ORA then gives the project an account number. This is a nec- essary measure because the fed- eral monies are given to the ORA for their jurisdiction. If the project is in need of more facilities, such as office furniture, the ORA will in many cases loan the necessary equipment. The pro- ject is not allowed to keep them+ because it is University property which will eventually be needed elsewhere. Politics The type of project chosen by the government is influenced by the political temper ruling the capital. The meteoric growth of NASA is evidence that the gov- ernment has been very conductive to project proposals of any kind. But the war in Viet Nam, accord- ing to many research associates and directors, has slowed down the stream of federal funds. But there is every indication that this situation will only be temporary; the government is cur- rently expanding its research aid to the arts, and the country is only on the threshold of science, according to Harary, with much more to come, Senior Grade Average Rises By MEREDITH EIKER Seniors who graduated from the University this past spring with a 3.0 cumulative average or less. found themselves in the lower half of their class. According to John Manning, ad- ministrative assistant to the dean in the junior-senior counseling nffics the nover11 adeonint of in the past few years has been taking more highly qualified freshmen who achieve well during the course of their University career. "It may be too," said Manning, "that it's getting easier to get good grades, but I seriously doubt it." He nointed out the cumulative number of students asked to leave for academic reasons is due to the trimester system. Dean Haber Dean William Haber of the lit- erary college yesterday commented that the cumulative individual gradepoint average of all students in the college is "the highest its ever been."