'U, 'Michiga,
By ROBERT FARRELL
Once again the annual drama has been played out-the Legisla-
ture has passed the state's appropriations bills and the colleges and'
universities have begun to prepare their operating budgets-but this
year it has taken a more serious turn than previously.
For the University, the consequences are not as apparently severe
as for several others of the nine state-supported institutions.
There will be no drastic cuts in next year's enrollment, no elimi-
nations of complete sections of the academic calendar, no dropping
of scholarships.
But neither will there be any expansion, University President
Harlan Hatcher told the Regents last week. The University will stand
still--in the midst of rapidly growing institutions. The University will
stand still-in spite of the rapidly burgeoning educational needs of
the state and of the nation.
No More Students
There will be no enrollment increases next year except in the
very few areas where new students can be added without any expan-
sion of facilities or staff.
But applicants for the freshman class are better qualified and
more numerous than ever before. The University will turn down about
as many applicants as it admits who would have met its standards
of previous years. And high-school graduates are more and more
numerous each year.
Institutions
Hard
Hit
by
Bu dgets
V There will be no general faculty pay raises at the University next
year. The only raises will be those for promotions and those already
offered to match outside offers.
Faculty raises were the University's first priority with any addi-
tional money it might get from the state-and first within this area
were the young assistant and associate professors on their way up.
Gambles on Loyalty
The lack of raises will leave the University committed to a stiff
gamble-it is betting that "faculty loyalty" will override financial
considerations. Particularly for the young faculty with families to
raise, outside offers will become more attractive as pay differentials
get greater.
And, as Vice-President and Dean of Faculties Marvin L. Niehuss
has pointed out, professors like to take a "careful look" at the cir-
cumstances and future of any institutions offering them jobs.
Hiring Prospects Decrease
With the state refusing to grant the University added funds, and
with little likelihood of pay raises, prospective faculty members will
think twice before coming here.
And without high-quality new blood to replace faculty who retire
or are lost to other institutions in the competitive academic market,
the University will lose its faculty quality-one of its outstanding
characteristics.
But, as President Hatcher explained to the Regents, there is no
alternative to the University's standing still. "The University is faced
with needs that are constantly rising in a geometric progression-but1
is given a budget (by the Legislature) that is static."1
President Hatcher considered two major methods of alleviating
the University's problem, at least temporarily-a tuition boost and
cutbacks in some operations in order to finance others.
No Tuition Raise -
Tuition raises are "no longer a further resource" after last year's
increase, he said. "For 50 years, the University has had a very high;
fee structure. It has long been the highest in the state, both in total'
income and in out-of-state fees."
The University has finally reached the point where it can no
longer look to fee raises for added funds without damage to the insti-1
tution, he said.
Cutbacks Impossible
And cutbacks in side-operations to improve the central core of
University work-teaching and research-are impossible, he noted.
"For many years, the University has had a policy of carefully
controlled-restricted-growth," in which no new programs have been
added without careful consideration. Each new operation added has
been planned as a definite part of the University's central core, leav-
ing nothing outside this essential portion to be cut.
And, in fact, maintenance and other side operations were cut
back in past years, and have not yet reached the levels they were at
in 1957-58.
"The University does not have a large number of adjunct opera-
tions" whose budgets may be pared to provide funds for added facul-
ty, for pay raises, or for other expansion in the'central core, President
Hatcher said.
"Those programs already in existence need and deserve expan-
sion which we cannot give them," he said. "We cannot add any new
programs at the University next year."
But at least the University administration believes that the in-
stitution can survive on its income without cutting the central core.
This is better than many other state institutions.
WSU Cuts Enrollment
Wayne State University was forced to cut its fall enrollment
by 20 per cent across-the-board and to drastically reduce the offer-
ings of its summer session.
Michigan State University raised its out-of-state. tuition and
will slash its operating expenses by about $1 million, cutting back in
several operations.
Ferris Institute was forced to cut its enrollment for the fourth
quarter of this year to 23 per cent of normal and to completely elim-
inate the fourth quarter next year. (The quarter spreads across two
fiscal years, so that one budget can affect two quarters.)
The State Board of Education was forced to raise out-of-state
tuitions at its four institutions (Eastern. Western and Central Michi-
gan Universities and Northern Michigan College) to cease replace.
See STATE, Page 2
I
RACE RIOTS:
DEMOCRATIC SHAME
See Page 4
5kn
1kt114
PARTLY CLOUDY
High-68
Low-45
Fair to warm. No rain
Winds from southeast
Seventy Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXI, No. 167 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, MAY 23, 1961 FIVE CENTS
SIX PAGES
Visiting Permission
Excludes Freshmen
Say Women Need Year To Gain
Maturity, Adjustment to Campus
By JUDITH OPPENHEIM
Off-campus housing units will still be "off limits" for freshmen
women next fall when other undergraduate women will be allowed to
visit there from noon until regular closing hours in the dormitories.
"We believe that a year's adjustment to the campus allows the
student to gain maturity," Vice-President for Student Affairs James
A. Lewis said Friday. "Freshmen will get to understand the campus
and its customs this way. Since other privileges are granted to upper-
classmen, we thought it would be more meaningful if this one were ad-
ministered the same way."
Consult Subcommittee.
The decision not to include freshmen women was made after
consultation with the University Senate Subcommittee on Discipline
Scots Ata ck
100 Pacifists
DUNOON, Scotland MA1 - Fifty
tough Scottish constables threw
themselves at 100 pacifists trying
to immobilize America's Polaris
submarine base at Holy Loch yes-
terday.
Dozens of demonstrators were
pitched aside and dragged roughly
across the road. One 15-year-old
boy was hurled head first against
a concrete post. An English woman
was hauled away face downward
through the dust.
Violence flared on the banks of
the sunlit loch in a hot-tempered
climax to a 20-hour sitdown dem-
onstration by the campaigners
against nuclear weapons.
Police forcefully thrust them-
selves into the ranks of the dem-
onstrators,
Viand other administrators in the
office of Student Affairs, he ex-
plained.
The original recommendation
for a change in the ruling gave
second semester freshmen women
the same privilege as sophomores,.
juniors and seniors. The proposal
was made by a committee of Dean
of Women Deborah Bacon, Assist-
ant Dean of Men John BingleY,
outgoing Joint Judiciary Chair-
man Howard Stein, '61, and Doro-
thy Wilson, '61, outgoing Women's
Panhel member.
Miss Bacon said she hopes the
carrying out of the ruling can be
left largely to the common sense
of the students and correct educa-
tional information from various
student organizations.
Must Assume Responsibility
"Although the restrictions on
freshmen women will not apply to
many students on campus now,
she said, "not only incoming
freshmen but all other students as
well must assume responsibility for
adherence to the regulation."
The new regulation, approved
by Lewis and the Subcommittee,
on Discipline, was announced Fri--
day following a meeting of Miss
Bacon, Women's Judiciary Chair-
man Deborah Cowles, '62, Joint
Judiciary Chairman Charles Gess-
ner, '$2, and Jane Glick, '62.
Although no method of handling
infractions of the ruling has been
established yet, Miss Cowles said
a standing committee of both
Women's Panhel and Joint Judic
members will probably be formed
to hear referrals of these cases
from the Dean of Women's and
Dean of Men's Offices.
KOREA
U.S. Voices
'Regrets'
Over Junta
WASHINGTON (P)-The Unit-
ed States government last night
voiced deep regret over the mili-
tary overthrow of South Korea's
civilian regime, but applauded the
new junta's avowed aims of Unit-
ed Nations support, social reform
and return to constitutional ways.
In its first public policy pro-
nouncement since the new Seoul
group took over, the United States
also proclaimed "full confidence"
in the United States representa-
tives in Korea who had backed
the deposed premier, John M.
Chang.
The State Department issued
the statement following receipt by
President John F. Kennedy of a
message from the head of the new
Korean military ruling group, Lt.
Gen. Chang Do-Young.
Press Officer Lincoln White said
the letter from Gen. Chang out-
lined the junta's program. A
See Related Story, Page 3
United States reply hastnot yet
been dispatched, but last night's
statement indicated Washington
has decided to go ahead in deal-
ings with the Chang group and
will seek a return to constitutional
processes as fast as possible.
Marshall Green, the United
States charges d'affaires in Seoul,
and Gen. Carter B. Magruder,
United States chief of the Unit-
ed Nations command in South Ko-
rea, expressed opposition to the
military takeover shortly after the
coup got underway May 16.
Senate To Air
Haber Report
University President Harlan
Hatcher yesterday called a special
meeting of the faculty senate for
4:15 p.m. Thursday to discuss the
report of the Commission on Year-
Round Integrated Operation,
chaired by Prof. William Haber of
the economics department.
Copies of the report, presented
to the Regents at their meetings
last week, are being distributed to
senate members prior to the meet-
ing.
C
Students Set
To Continue
On. Bus Rd
Bevel Claims Group
Holds Primary Goal
NASHVILLE (P)-The chairman
of the Nashville Student Non-
Violence Movement said yesterday
the group still plans to send its
"Freedom Riders" all the way to
their original destination-across
Mississippi to New Orleans.
However, James Bevel said It
was "hard to say" when they
would leave Montgomery, where
their arrival set off Saturday's
race riots.
"When we left it was our inten-
tion to go from Birmingham to
New Orleans, across Mississippi by
regular bus," he said. "That is still
the plan."
Twenty-one racially mixed col-
lege students from Nashville, all
veterans of sit-in or stand-in dem-
onstrations, made the trip from
Birmingham to Montgomery. The
two white girls returned to Nash-
ville Saturday.
The Congress of Racial Equality
(CORE) said last night it hopes
to begin another leg of the "Free-
dom Ride" today. CORE head-
quarters said six members ar-
rived in Montgomery yesterday
morning and National Chairman
James Farmer had tried all day to
make bus reservations for them.
Farmer went to Montgomery
Sunday night after violence mark-
ed the arrival of the biracial Ten-
nessee group.
Bevel said about 30 other Ne-
gro students arrived in Montgom-
ery Sunday and yesterday to join
the original group. He said they
were from Atlanta, New Orleans,
Washington, D.C., and North and
South Carolina.
MarshalsL
eave
Pres
MARTIAL LAW-National guardsmen patrol the Greyhound bus station
John Patterson proclaimed martial rule to end racial rioting.
'U' Professors Cite Legal I
Al abama;
erv e Law
'Officials Tell i
Of Violence,,.T
} Riots, Arress:
r Bomb Threats Reach
Riders, Bus Station;
Calls Warn Schools
BULLETIN
MONTGOMERY (M')Rov-.
ing gangs of white youths
threatened a new racial dis-
turbance early this morning,
but National Guardsmen and
civilian police acted-swiftly to
break it up.
The 50 steel-helmeted sol-
diers guarding the Greyhound
bus station were reinforced
momentarily by 150 additional
troops as military authorities
enforcing martial law sensed
possible trouble.
-AP wirephoto But after five buses arrived
in Montgobery after Gov. without incident, the extra
troops were sent back to the
National Guard armory. There
were no indications that' any
"Freedom Riders" were n any
of the buses.
MONTGOMERY (M - Federal
p of "Freedom Riders" who authorities pulled United States
ed in Montgomery on a Grey- marshals off patrol duty in riot-
id bus Saturday. stricken Montgomery yesterday
condly, Prof. White said, the and left it to battle-trained Na-
titution grants to all individ- tional Guardsmen to keep order.
freedom of movement, which The Justice Department an-
nother possible defense that nounced in Washington that 200
administration could have more United States marshals were
ordered sent here, but eputy
rthermore the Supreme Court Atty. Gen. Byron R. (Whizzer
ion which makes segregation White, who is directing their ac-
11 lines of communication un- tivities, said they will serve mere-
titutional could also be ap- ly as replacements for 200 others
i specifically to this case, Prof. being sent home.
te feels. Pick Up Four
At the same time, federal offi-
vials announced the first arrests
in the bloody outbreaks of racial
violence in Alabama which began
eight days ago.
The Justice Department said
four men were picked up by the
* FBI on charges of setting fire to
1 sportation a Greyhound bus at Anniston May
14. The bus was carrying "Free-
dom Riders" on a test of south-
DOW ern racial barriers.
American and Soviet rail- Caller Threatens Violence
npare them honestly, research Montgomery lay under the calm
rsity Transportation Institute of an uneasy quiet yesterday ex-
rsitycept for a rash of bomb threats ,
which failed to materialize-one
es delegation which inspected of them at the Greyhound bus
d the relative inefficiency of terminal where the rioting broke
out Saturday.
An anonymous caller a 1sw
threatened violence at the Trail-
ways bus station lunch counter if
Negroes are served there. The call-
x er told Mrs. Walter Evans, wife
of the cafe manager, "either close
the lunchroom or don't serve any
Negroes. The first one to servea.
Walter
Says
Reds Discredit
HUAC's Name
WASHINGTON ()-Rep. Fran-
cis E. Walter (D-Pa) yesterday
charged that Communist- organi-
zations are trying to discredit the
House Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities by releasing names
of persons subpoenaed for a new
investigation.
Walter, chairman of the com-
mittee, said these organizations
have blamed the committee for
making public the names. Walter's
statement was placed in the Con-
gressional Record; he did not de-
liver it on the House floor.
"These Communist organiza-
tions," he added, "have included
the names of educators not sub-
poenaed by the committee in order
to support their fraudulent claim
that the committee's hearings
constitute an attack on academic
freedom."
(Rep. Walter said HUAC plans
no investigations in Michigan this
year. "The committee has made
no plans to hold hearing in Mich-
igan this year," he said yesterday
in a letter to The Daily.)
Walter said an investigation of
the Fund for Social Analysis had
been scheduled to start yesterday,
ENGLISH 32:
Bacon Charts Novel Course
By JUDITH BLEIER
There is no serious question over
the legality of the federal govern-
ment's intervention in the Ala-
bama race riots, two members of
the political science department
agreed last night.
"I rather seriously doubt that
the governor of Alabama thinks so
either," Prof. John White said yes-
terday.
Helps Gain Success
"We must keep in mind that
while federal intervention in Lit-
tle Rock was successful, it also
enabled Gov. Orval Faubus to gain
great political success, and I'm
afraid that other southern gov-
ernors may attempt to follow his
example," Prof. White said.
"Southern governors, however,
are sworn to uphold the laws of
their states," Prof. Joseph Kallen-
bach noted, "and in many states
segregation laws have not been
challenged by the courts and still
remain on the statute books."
Choose Justification
The United States has chosen
to justify its intervention on the
basis of the Statute of 1871 which
clearly gives the federal govern-
ment the right to keep the peace
when such action has not been
accomplished by local officials, he
noted.
"The administration could have
taken its pick of any one of a
Garcia Asks
number of justifications," Prof.
White claimed. "The federal gov-
ernment has all sorts of interests
in the issue."
Dispatching the marshals to
Alabama could have easily been
defended on three other grounds,
he indicated. The United States
Constitution specifically grants
the federal government control
oved interstate commerce. This
would authorize the administra-
tion the right to put down the
violence created by the white mob
which attacked the racially mixed
By FLORENCE SISKIND
Miss Deborah Bacon, known to University women in her various
capacities as chief money lender, housing permission granter and
problem solver, plans to add the title "grade giver" next semester
when she will teach one section of English 32.
Miss Bacon, Dean of Women, has never taught at the Univer-
sity before, but holds faculty standing as an assistant professor of
English for the twelve years she has been on campus. She holds a doc-
torate in English from Columbia University.
The course Miss Bacon will teach, Drama and the Novel, does not
have a definite reading list, but allows the instructor an almost free
choice of reading material.
Miss Bacon plans to teach the 19th century English novel be-
group
arriv
houn
Se
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uals
is a]
the
used
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decis
on a
cons
plied
Whit
RAILROADS:
Gumns Reports
Of USSR Tray
By CAROLINE]
The great differences between the
road systems, makes it impossible to con
engineer Sergei G. Guins told the Unive
yesterday.
Guins, a member of the United Stat
Russian railroads last summer, defende
American railroads by noting that
American railroads were highly
competitive and overextended,
while the Russian system was a
state-subsidized closely-regulated
monolopy of long distance trans-
portation.
Efficient and capacity use of